Waters HPLC故障排除指南

Waters公司的，HPLC故障排除指南
1. Column Life-Time 
2. Variable Retention Times       
3. Drifting Retention Times  
4. Column-to-Column and Batch-to-Batch  Reproducibility  
5. Sample Preparation Problems     
6. Sources of Peak Tailing   
7. Normal-Phase Chromatography 
8. System Volume, Dead Volume, Dwell Volume  
9. Transfer of Gradient Methods      
10. Clogged System 
11. Column Plate-Count 
12. Column Backpressure  
13. Peak Area Fluctuations     
14. Ghost Peaks  
15. Dependence of Retention Times on pH
16. Column Equilibration 
17. Column Conditioning                      
18. Complex Sample Matrices
19. Hydrophobic Collapse
20. Baseline Noise
21. Narrow-bore Columns
22. Sample Solvent
23. Gradient Scaling
24. Column Storage 
25. Paired-Ion Chromatography    
26. Hydrolytic Stability of Reversed-Phase
27. Optimal Flow Rates
28. Carbon Load
29. pH Control                              
30. Mobile Phase Composition 
31. Column Contamination   
32. Method Verification  
33. Double Peaks in Sugar Separations 
34. Method Control
35. Mobile Phase pH
36. Signal-to-Noise Improvements
37. Overload
38. Column Durability
39. Fast Analysis and Column Backpressure
40. Column Backflushing
41. Selectivity Shift
42. New Method                
43. Negative Peaks
44. Tricky, Tedious, Time Consuming
45. Fast Separations
46. Buffers for LC/MS
47. Alkaline Buffers for RPLC
48. Post-Column Derivatization
49. Gradient Dwell Volume
50. Buffer Capacity
51. Flow Rate Changes and Quantitation
52. Analysis of polar compounds  

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