13.080.20 土壤的物理特性 标准查询与下载

EN ISO 11276:2014 土壤质量.孔隙水压测定.土壤湿度计法(ISO 11276:1995)

Diese Internationale Norm beschreibt Tensiometerverfahren zur Bestimmung des Porenwasserdrucks sowohl in ungesattigtem als auch in gesattigtem Boden. Die Verfahren sind auf In-situ-Messungen des Porenwasserdrucks im Freiland sowie fur die Bestimmung des Porenwasserdrucks z. B. in Pflanzenbehaltern oder Bodenkernen fur experimentelle Untersuchungen anwendbar. Bei normalem atmospharischen Druck (d. h. etwa 100 kPa) ist die Anwendung dieser Verfahren auf einen Bereich von Drucken bis etwa - 85 kPa begrenzt. Der Bereich verringert sich bei geringerem atmospharischen Druck. Tensiometer sind nicht einsetzbar, wenn in der Messtiefe Temperaturen unter 0 °C auftreten. Ihre Genauigkeit wird von Temperaturschwankungen des Bodens und der Luft beeinflusst. Die Einstellzeit von Tensiometern reicht von einigen Sekunden bis zu mehreren Tagen. Zuverlassige Messungen unter Freilandbedingungen erfordern eine regelmasige Wartung der Tensiometer. Tensiometer liefern Punktmessungen des Porenwasserdrucks. Um den Porenwasserdruck in unterschiedlichen Tiefen messen zu konnen, sind mehrere Tensiometer erforderlich. Im Freiland werden parallele Geratesatze erforderlich, wenn die raumliche Variabilitat des Bodens zu berucksichtigen ist.

Soil quality - Determination of pore water pressure - Tensiometer method

ASTM D7830/D7830M-14 使用电磁土壤密度仪测定土壤的原位密度 (单位重量) 和含水量的标准试验方法

5.1 The method described determines wet density and gravimetric water content by correlating complex impedance measurement data to an empirically developed model. The empirical model is generated by comparing the electrical properties of typical soils encountered in civil construction projects to their wet densities and gravimetric water contents determined by other accepted methods. 5.2 The test method described is useful as a rapid, non-destructive technique for determining the in-place total density and gravimetric water content of soil and soil-aggregate mixtures and the determination of dry density. 5.3 This method may be used for quality control and acceptance of compacted soil and soil-aggregate mixtures as used in construction and also for research and development. The non-destructive nature allows for repetitive measurements at a single test location and statistical analysis of the results. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the requirements of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective sampling/testing/inspection, and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors. 1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining in-place properties of non-frozen, unbound soil and soil aggregate mixtures such as total density, gravimetric water content and relative compaction by measuring the intrinsic impedance of the compacted soil. 1.1.1 The method and device described in this test method are intended for in-process quality control of earthwork projects. Site or material characterization is not an intended result. 1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given in this standard. 1.2.2 In the engineering profession, it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force, unless dynamic calculations are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is undesirable to combine the use of tw......

Standard Test Method for In-Place Density (Unit Weight) and Water Content of Soil Using an Electromagnetic Soil Density Gauge

GSO ISO/TS 17892-7:2013 岩土勘察和试验 土的实验室试验 第7部分：细粒土的无侧限压缩试验

This document covers the determination of an approximate value of the unconfined compressive strength for a square or cylindrical water-saturated homogeneous specimen of undisturbed or remoulded cohesive soil of sufficiently low permeability to keep itself undrained during the time it takes to perform the test within the scope of geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997–1 and –2. The unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soils is a measure of the apparent cohesion. A cohesive soil behaves as if it is truly cohesive, e.g. clay and clayey soils, but most soils in this group behave cohesively due to negative pore pressure and friction and not due to actual cohesion. This test method is useful to derive the undrained shear strength of soil. It should however be noted that no provisions are taken to prevent drainage. The derived value for undrained shear strength is therefore only valid for soils of low permeability, which behave sufficiently undrained during testing. The method is not appropriate for fissured or varved clays or silts or peats.

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 7: Unconfined compression test on fine-grained soils

GSO ISO/TS 17892-9:2013 土壤性质的测试和调查土壤的实验室测试 第9部分：水饱和土壤的压实和压实三轴试验

This document covers the determination of stress-strain relationships and effective stress paths for a cylindrical, water-saturated1) specimen of undisturbed, remoulded or reconstituted soil when subjected to an isotropic or an anisotropic stress under undrained or drained conditions and thereafter sheared under undrained or drained conditions within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997-1 and -2. The test methods provide data that are appropriate to present tables and plots of stress versus strain, and effective stress paths. Special procedures such as: a) Tests with lubricated ends; b) tests with local measurement of strain or local measurement of pore pressure; c) tests without rubber membranes; d) extension tests; e) shearing where cell pressure varies; f) shearing at constant volume (no pore pressure change) are not covered. The conventional triaxial apparatus is not well suited for measurement of the initial moduli at very small strains. However, strains halfway up to failure are considered to be large enough to be measured in conventional triaxial cells.

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 9: Consolidated triaxial compression tests on water-saturated soils

GSO ISO 11465:2013 土壤质量 干物质和水分质量含量的测定 重量法

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the dry matter content and water content of soil samples on a mass basis. This method can be applied to all types of soil samples. Different procedures are specified for air-dried soil samples, for example samples pretreated according to ISO 11464, and for field-moist soil samples. For the determination of soil water content on a volume basis, refer to ISO 11461.

Soil quality -- Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis -- Gravimetric method

GSO ISO/TS 17892-11:2013 岩土工程勘察和测试 土壤实验室测试 第11部分：恒压头和落水头渗透率的测定

This document is intended for use in earthworks and foundation engineering. It specifies laboratory test methods to establish the coefficient of permeability of water through water-saturated soils. In the proposed laboratory tests soil specimens are subjected to a flow of water passing through the specimen. The water pressure conditions and volume of water passing through the specimens are measured for evaluation of the permeability. The results obtained serve to calculate groundwater flow and to assess the permeability of man-made impervious layers and filter layers.

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 11: Determination of permeability by constant and falling head

GSO ISO 11272:2013 土壤质量 干容重的估算

This International Standard describes three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample, the volume of which is either known (core method, see 4.1) or has to be determined (excavation method, see 4.2, and clod method, see 4.3).

Soil quality -- Determination of dry bulk density

GSO ISO/TS 17892-12:2013 土壤特性的测试和验证 实验室土壤测试 第12部分：水渗透限值的测定

This document specifies methods of test for the determination of the Atterberg limits of a soil. The Atterberg limits comprise the liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit. These limits are also called consistency limits. This document covers the determination of the liquid limit and the plastic limit only. The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from a liquid to a plastic state. This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material retained on a 0,4 mm or nearest sieve has been removed, using the fall-cone method. This standard has adopted both the 60 g/60° cone and the 80 g/30° cone as it has been shown that both cones give essentially the same value of the liquid limit. Other cone devices may be adopted provided they can be shown to give results equal to those obtained from the tests described herein. NOTE The Casagrande method is an alternative method for the determination of the liquid limit. Experience has shown that the results are subject to the performance and judgement of the operator. Moreover, the Casagrande type apparatus and test method have undergone many small but significant variations since it was first proposed by Casagrande in 1932. These variations give rise to differences in the values of the liquid limit determined from the test. The fall-cone method is the preferred method of determining the liquid limit of a soil. The plastic limit of a soil is the lowest water content at which the soil is plastic. The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognised that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur. The Atterberg limits are influenced by oxidation or other changes in the specimen, resulting from storing it too long or otherwise by treating it in an unsuitable way. This applies especially to quick clays, sulphide clays and organic soils.

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 12: Determination of Atterberg limits

GSO ISO/TS 17892-5:2013 岩土工程勘察和测试 土壤实验室测试 第5部分：增量加载里程计测试

This document is intended for determination of the compression, swelling and consolidation properties of soils. The cylindrical test specimen is confined laterally, is subjected to discrete increments of vertical axial loading or unloading and is allowed to drain axially from the top and bottom surfaces. The main parameters derived from the oedometer test relate to the compressibility and rate of primary consolidation of the soil. Estimates of preconsolidation pressure, rate of secondary compression, and swelling characteristics are sometimes also obtainable. The main parameters which can be derived from the oedometer test carried out on undisturbed samples are: 1) compressibility parameters; 2) coefficient of consolidation; 3) apparent preconsolidation pressure or yield stress; 4) coefficient of secondary compression; 5) swelling parameters. The fundamentals of the incremental loading oedometer test include: — stress path corresponds to one-dimensional straining; — drainage is one-dimensional and axial. The stress paths and drainage conditions in foundations are generally three dimensional and differences can occur in the calculated values of both the magnitude and the rate of settlement. The small size of the specimen generally does not adequately represent the fabric features present in natural soils. Analysis of consolidation tests is generally based on the assumption that the soil is saturated. In case of unsaturated soils, some of the derived parameters may have no physical meaning.

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 5: Incremental loading oedometer test

GSO ISO/TS 17892-10:2013 土壤特性的测试和验证 实验室土壤测试 第10部分：直剪测试

This document specifies laboratory test methods to establish the effective shear strength parameter for soils within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997-1 and -2. The test method consists of placing the test specimen in the direct shear device, applying a pre-determined normal stress, providing for draining (and wetting if required) of the test specimen, or both, consolidating the specimen under normal stress, unlocking the frames that hold the specimen, and displacing one frame horizontally with respect to the other at a constant rate of shear-deformation and measuring the shearing force, and horizontal displacements as the specimen is sheared. Shearing is applied slowly enough to allow excess pore pressures to dissipate by drainage so that effective stresses are equal to total stresses. Direct shear tests are used in earthworks and foundation engineering for the determination of the effective shear strength of soils.

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 10: Direct shear tests

GSO ISO/TS 17892-6:2013 岩土勘察和测试 土壤实验室测试 第6部分：落锥测试

This document specifies the laboratory determination of undrained shear strength of both undisturbed and remoulded specimen of saturated fine grained cohesive soils by use of a fall-cone. This document specifies the fall-cone test, in which a cone is allowed to fall with its tip towards a soil specimen, whereupon the penetration of the cone into the soil is measured. Tests performed according to this test yield penetration values which can be used to estimate the undrained shear strength. The test is applicable to both undisturbed and remoulded soil test specimen. For undisturbed soil test specimen, the results of the test are dependent on the quality of the specimen. Because of possible effects of anisotropy, it can also differ depending on what undrained shear strength the relation refers to. The evaluated value of the undrained shear strength of the 'undisturbed' soil refers to its state during the test in the laboratory. This value is not necessarily indicative of the undrained shear strength of the soil in its natural state in the field. Therefore, the test should be regarded as an index test. NOTE 1 For non-homogeneous soil samples, this method yields values of the undrained shear strength which are less representative for the bulk shear strength of the sample than other tests involving a larger volume of soil. NOTE 2 For disturbed soil samples and fissured soil samples this method normally yields higher strength values than tests involving a larger volume of soil.

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 6: Fall cone test

GSO ISO/TS 17892-8:2013 土壤特性的测试和调查 土壤实验室测试 第8部分：非干燥、非夯实三轴测试

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules prEN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 2: Ground investigation and testing. CEN ISO/TS 17892-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 1: Determination of water content (ISO/TS 17892-1:2004). CEN ISO/TS 17892-2, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 2: Determination of density of fine grained soil (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004). CEN ISO/TS 17892-3, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soils — Part 3: Determination of density of soild particles — Pycnometer method (ISO/TS 17892-3:2004).

Geotechnical investigation and testing -- Laboratory testing of soil -- Part 8: Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test

KS I ISO 16720-2013 土壤质量 冻干样品预处理以供后续分析

Soil quality－Pretreatment of samples by freeze－drying for subsequent analysis

ASTM D6467-13e1 用于确定粘性土的排水残余剪切强度的扭转环剪切试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides a procedure for performing a torsional ring shear test under a drained condition to determine the residual shear strength of cohesive soils. An intact specimen can be used for testing. However, obtaining a natural slip surface specimen, determining the direction of field shearing, and trimming and aligning the usually non-horizontal shear surface in the ring shear apparatus is difficult. As a result, this test method focuses on the use of a reconstituted specimen to measure the residual strength. This test method is performed by deforming a presheared, reconstituted specimen at a controlled displacement rate until the constant drained shear resistance is offered on a single shear plane determined by the configuration of the apparatus. An unlimited amount of continuous shear displacement can be achieved to obtain a residual strength condition. Generally, three or more normal stresses are applied to a test specimen to determine the drained residual failure envelope. A separate test specimen may be used for each normal stress. 1.2 A shear stress-displacement relationship may be obtained from this test method. However, a shear stress-strain relationship or any associated quantity, such as modulus, cannot be determined from this test method because soil extrusion and volume change prevents defining the height needed in the shear strain calculations. As a result, shear strain cannot be calculated but shear displacement can be calculated. 1.3 The selection of normal stresses and determination of the shear strength envelope for design analyses and the criteria to interpret and evaluate the test results are the responsibility of the engineer or office requesting the test. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Determine Drained Residual Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils

GSO ISO 23470:2013 土壤质量 用六胺三氯化钴溶液测定 CEC 和可交换阳离子

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al3+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+) in soils using a hexamminecobalt trichloride solution as extractant.

Soil quality -- Determination of effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations using a hexamminecobalt trichloride solution

GSO ISO 11508:2013 土壤质量颗粒密度的测定

This International Standard describes two methods for the determination of particle density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of soil particles. The first method (4.1) is applicable to fine soil (< 2 mm diameter) and the second method (4.2) is applicable to both porous and nonporous gravel and stones (> 2 mm diameter). The particle density may be used for the calculation of the proportion of solids and of the porosity of soil layers in combination with the procedure given in ISO 11272.

Soil quality - Determination of particle density

GSO ISO 11277:2013 土壤质量 估计分布在矿质土壤材料中的颗粒尺寸 使用筛分和沉降方法

This International Standard specifies a basic method of determining the particle size distribution applicable to a wide range of mineral soil materials, including the mineral fraction of organic soils. It also offers procedures to deal with the less common soils mentioned in the introduction. This International Standard has been developed largely for use in the field of environmental science, and its use in geotechnical investigations is something for which professional advice might be required. A major objective of this International Standard is the determination of enough size fractions to enable the construction of a reliable particle-size-distribution curve. This International Standard does not apply to the determination of the particle size distribution of the organic components of soil, i.e. the more or less fragile, partially decomposed, remains of plants and animals. It is also realized that the chemical pretreatments and mechanical handling stages in this International Standard could cause disintegration of weakly cohesive particles that, from field inspection, might be regarded as primary particles, even though such primary particles could be better described as aggregates. If such disintegration is undesirable, then this International Standard is not used for the determination of the particle size distribution of such weakly cohesive materials.

Soil quality - Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material - Method by sieving and sedimentation

GSO ISO 11265:2013 土壤质量电导率的测定

This International Standard specifies an instrumental method for the routine determination of the specific electrical conductivity in an aqueous extract of soil. The determination is carried out to obtain an indication of the content of water-soluble electrolytes in a soil. This International Standard is applicable to all types of air-dried soil samples.

Soil quality -- Determination of the specific electrical conductivity

GSO ISO 11271:2013 土壤质量氧化势估算场法

Abstract ISO 11271:2002 specifies a field method for the determination of soil redox potential (Eh). NOTE The electrochemical measurement of redox potential described here is possible only if the relevant soil horizon has a moisture status defined as fresh or wetter according to the classes presented in annex D.

Soil quality - Determination of redox potential - Field method

ANSI/ASTM F3013:2013 就地使用岩心替置方法对表层土和混合土壤密度的试验方法

Test Method for Density of Topsoil and Blended Soils In-Place by the Core Displacement Method