35.140 计算机图形技术 标准查询与下载

GSO ISO/IEC 12087-1:2017 信息技术 计算机图形和图像处理 图像处理和交换 (IPI) 功能规范 第1部分：成像的通用体系结构

ISO/IEC 12087 is concerned with the manipulation, processing, and interchange of all types of digital images. The main purpose of this part is to define a generic, unifying imaging architecture to which other parts of ISO/IEC 12087 conform. This part of ISO/IEC 12087 also defines those “specializations” or “delineations” of the generic imaging architecture that are required to support IPI-PIKS and IPI-IIF. The relationship of the different parts of ISO/IEC 12087 is shown in figure 1. This part of ISO/IEC 12087 describes material that applies throughout ISO/IEC 12087, including topics such as data types available for use in image data and image-related data, and a model for the processing of digital images by operators. These topics are presented in a general form, since it is intended that subsequent imaging standards will conform to the same architectural model. Derived from this general description are more constrained descriptions of the same topics. The principal reason for this process of delineation is to restrict the range of data representations for IPI-PIKS and IPI-IIF, while simultaneously ensuring that IPI-IIF is capable of interchanging both IPI-PIKS data objects and objects that cannot be represented or manipulated within IPI-PIKS. ISO/IEC 12087 permits multiple Application Program Interface (API)s to be developed, each of which must be based on specific delineations of the imaging model described herein. Each API will be specified in a separate part of ISO/IEC 12087. Any subsequent APIs developed as part of ISO/IEC 12087 must conform to the common architecture described in this document, and must be extensions of the APIs described in ISO/IEC 120872 2 ISO/IEC 12087-3. ISO/IEC 12087 is intended for use in a wide variety of environments where digital images are handled. NOTE 2 Application areas that are addressed by Image Processing and Interchange (IPI) include: image manipulation; image enhancement; image analysis; and image transport. Application areas that are not addressed by IPI include: computer graphics; image understanding; multimedia; device control; and window systems. ISO/IEC 12087 is intended to conform with other International Standards developed to handle digital images. Such standards include the JPEG [ISO/IEC 10918-1:1994], and MPEG [ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993] compression standards, Open Systems Interconnect [ISO/IEC 8824:1990], and Office Document Architecture [ISO/IEC 8613]. Those aspects of ISO/IEC 12087 that are concerned with the acquisition and display of digital images conform with the Computer Graphics Reference Model [ISO 11072]. Furthermore, annex B of [ISO 11072] describes how imaging fits within the general framework of that model. ISO/IEC 12087-3 uses Abstract Syntax Notation 1 [ISO/IEC 8824:1990] in the definition of the image interchange format. ISO/IEC 12087 complies directly with all standards listed in clause 2.

Information technology -- Computer graphics and image processing -- Image Processing and Interchange (IPI) -- Functional specification -- Part 1: Common architecture for imaging

ASTM E2641-09(2017) 3D成像技术安全应用最佳实践的标准实践

1.1 This practice for the safe application of 3D imaging technology will focus primarily on the application of specific technology components common to 3D imaging systems. When appropriate, reference may be made to existing standards written for said technologies. 1.2 Safety standards relevant to specific industry practices where the technology may be applied will not be developed given the very broad potential for application over many industries. However, general mention and recommendations will be made to industry specific safety guidelines relevant to some common applications. 1.3 This practice covers the following topics: 1.3.1 End-user/operator responsibilities, 1.3.2 Safety plan, 1.3.3 Safety awareness, 1.3.4 Safe application of laser technology common to 3D imaging systems, and 1.3.5 References to some applicable government regulations. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Best Practices for Safe Application of 3D Imaging Technology

GSO ISO 8805:2016 信息处理系统 计算机图形学 三维图形内核系统（GKS-3D）功能描述

This International Standard specifies a set of functions for computer graphics programming, the Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions (GKS-3D). GKS-3D is a basic graphics system for applications that produce computer generated three dimensional pictures on graphics output devices. It supports operator input and interaction by supplying basic functions for graphical input and picture segmentation. It allows storage and dynamic modification of pictures. A fundamental concept in GKS-3D is the workstation, consisting of a numِber of input devices and a single output device. Several workstations can be used simultaneously. The application program is allowed to adapt its behaviour at a workstation to make best use of workstation capabilities. This International Standard includes functions for storage on and retrieval from an external graphics file. Also, the functions are organized in upward compatible levels with increasing capabilities. This International Standard provides application programs with the capability to define and display 3D graphical primitives, specified using 3D coordinates. In addition, the GKS-3D input model provides 3D locator and stroke input. The output primitives of this International Standard differ from the output primitives of ISO 7942 in the following ways: a) the polyline and polymarker primitives are defined by an arbitrary sequence of 3D coordinates; b) the text, fill area and cell array primitives remain planar, but may lie in a plane positioned arbitrarily in 3D space; c) the fill area set primitive is introduced. Functions are provided in this International Standard to generate these primitives. The functions of ISO 7942 can be used in this International Standard. However, the output functions generate instances of 3D primitives — instances that are constrained to lie in a plane. Furthermore, additional capabilities are provided in this International Standard to: d) specify views of 3D objects; e) obtain information from 3D input devices; f) permit workstations to perform hidden line/hidden surface removal (HLHSR). This International Standard provides no specific functions for controlling such rendering techniques as light source, shading, texturing, and shadow computations. However, workstations may apply these techniques, locally as the primitives and attributes are realized, provided that the general guidelines of Annex D concerning allowable workstation differences are followed. NOTE- For certain parameters of the functions, GKS-3D defines value ranges as being reserved for registration (see 4.1.2). The meanings of these values will be defined using the established procedures. GKS-3D defines a language independent nucleus of a graphics system. For integration into a programming language, GKS-3D is embedded in a language dependent layer obeying the particular conventions of that language.

Information processing systems -- Computer graphics -- Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions (GKS-3D) functional description

GSO ISO/IEC 9637-1:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备对话的接口技术 (CGI) 数据流绑定 第1部分：字符编码

This part of ISO/IEC 9637 specifies a character encoding of the Computer Graphics Interface. For each of the functions specified in ISO/IEC 9636 an encoding is specified. This encoding of the Computer Graphics Interface provides a highly compact representation of the data, suitable for applications that require the data to be of minimum size and suitable for transmission with character-oriented transmission services.

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Data stream binding -- Part 1: Character encoding

GSO ISO/IEC 9636-6:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备对话的接口技术(CGI) 功能规范 第6部分：光栅

This part of ISO/IEC 9636 describes those functions of the Computer Graphics Interface concerned with creating, modifying, retrieving, and displaying portions of an image stored as pixel data. It includes functionality for combining such images. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 is part 6 of ISO/IEC 9636 and should be read in conjunction with ISO/IEC 9636-1, ISO/IEC 9636-2, and ISO/IEC 9636-3. The relationship of this part of ISO/IEC 9636 to the other parts of ISO/IEC 9636 is described in ISO/IEC 9636-1 (see ISO/IEC 9636-1,5.2.1 and figures 6 and 7) and in clause 4. The functionality described in this part of ISO/IEC 9636 pertains to Virtual Devices of class OUTPUT and OUTIN with display type RASTER.

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Functional specification -- Part 6: Raster

GSO ISO/IEC 9636-4:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备对话的接口技术(CGI) 功能规范 第4部分：段

This part of ISO/IEC 9636 defines those functions of the Computer Graphics Interface concerned with the creation, modification, and manipulation of graphic pictures using segments. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 is part 4 of ISO/IEC 9636, and should be read in conjunction with ISO/IEC 9636-1, ISO/IEC 9636-2, and ISO/IEC 9636-3. The relationship of this part of ISO/IEC 9636 to the other parts of ISO/IEC 9636 is described in ISO/IEC 9636-1 and in clause 4. The functionality described in this part of ISO/IEC 9636 pertains to Virtual Devices of class OUTPUT and OUTIN.

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Functional specification -- Part 4: Segments

GSO ISO/IEC 9592-2:2016 信息技术 计算机图形和图像处理 程序员的分层交互式图形系统 (PHIGS) 第2部分：存档文件格式

This part of ISO/IEC 9592 specifies a file format suitable for the storage and retrieval of PHIGS structure definitions. The file format consists of an ordered set of elements that can be used to describe structures in a way that is compatible between systems of different architectures and implementations supporting different programming languages. The archive file is defined in such a way that, in addition to sequential access to the whole archive file, random access to individual structure definitions is well-defined; whether this is available in any system that uses this part of ISO/IEC 9592 depends on the medium, the encoding and the implementation. Clause 4 describes the organization of an archive file. ISO/IEC 9592-3 specifies a clear-text encoding of the archive file format.

Information technology -- Computer graphics and image processing -- Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS) -- Part 2: Archive file format

GSO ISO/IEC 9637-2:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备对话的接口技术 (CGI) 数据流绑定 第2部分：二进制编码

This part of ISO/IEC 9637 specifies a Binary Encoding of the Computer Graphics Interface (CGI) data stream. For each of the function syntaxes in clause 5 and clause 6 of ISO/IEC 9636-2, ISO/IEC 9636-3, ISO/IEC 9636-4, ISO/IEC 9636-5, and ISO/IEC 9636-6, an encoding is specified in terms of an opcode and a sequence of parameters of specified data types. For each of these data types, an explicit representation in terms of bits, 8-bit and 16-bit entities is specified. For some data types, the exact representation depends on a type and/or precision for the data as used in the data stream. The Binary Encoding of the Computer Graphics Interface data stream will, in many circumstances, reduce the effort required to generate and interpret the data stream as compared to other encodings.

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Data stream binding -- Part 2: Binary encoding

GSO ISO/IEC 9636-3:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备对话的接口技术(CGI) 功能规范 第3部分：输出

This part of ISO/IEC 9636 establishes those functions of the Computer Graphics Interface concerned with output primitives and associated attributes and controls for creating graphical pictures. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 is part 3 of ISO/IEC 9636, and should be read in conjunction with ISO/IEC 9636-1 and ISO/IEC 9636-2. The relationship of this part of ISO/IEC 9636 to the other parts of ISO/IEC 9636 is described in ISO/IEC 9636-1 and in clause 4. The functionality described in this part of ISO/IEC 9636 pertains to OUTPUT and OUTIN classes of CGI Virtual Device.

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Functional specification -- Part 3: Output

GSO ISO/IEC 9592-3:2016 信息技术 计算机图形和图像处理 程序员的分层交互式图形系统 (PHIGS) 第3部分：存档文件的明文编码规范

This part of ISO/IEC 9592 specifies a clear-text encoding of the PHIGS archive file. For each of the archive file elements specified in ISO/IEC 9592-2, a clear text encoding is specified. This part of ISO/IEC 9592 specifies the overall format of the archive file and the means by which comments may be interspersed in the archive file. This encoding of the PHIGS archive file allows archive files to be created and maintained in a form which is simple to type, easy to edit and convenient to read.

Information technology -- Computer graphics and image processing -- Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS) -- Part 3: Specification for clear-text encoding of archive file

GSO ISO/IEC 9636-2:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备对话的接口技术(CGI) 功能规范 第2部分：控制

This part of ISO/IEC 9636 establishes those functions of the Computer Graphics Interface concerned with Virtual Device management, coordinate space control, and error control. The functionality incorporated in this part of ISO/IEC 9636 is concerned with the management of the graphics image and the interrelationship of the graphical and non-graphical parts of the interface. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 is part 2 of ISO/IEC 9636, and should be read in conjunction with ISO/IEC 9636-1 and other parts. The relationship of this part of ISO/IEC 9636 to the other parts of ISO/IEC 9636 is described in ISO/IEC 9636-1 and in clause 4. The functionality described in this part of ISO/IEC 9636 pertains to all classes of CGI Virtual Device (i.e. INPUT, OUTPUT, and OUTIN).

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Functional specification -- Part 2: Control

GSO ISO/IEC 9592-1:2016 信息技术 计算机图形和图像处理 程序员的分层交互式图形系统 (PHIGS) 第1部分：功能描述

This part of ISO/IEC 9592 specifies a set of functions for computer graphics programming, the Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS). PHIGS is a graphics system for application programs that produce computer generated pictures on output devices. It supports operator input and interactions by supplying basic functions for graphical input and hierarchical picture definition. Picture definitions can be retained centrally where they may be edited by an application. Alternatively, graphical data may be processed without first storing it. To assist in this processing, explicit control over resources used to encapsulate the results of these processing operations is provided. Basic application requirements in the areas of lighting and shading are provided through primitives and functions for controlling the rendering of 3D objects. Utilization of raster images in the generation of PHIGS pictures is provided. Pictures are displayed on output devices which may have associated input devices. Several input devices can be used simultaneously. The application program is allowed to adapt its behaviour to make best use of their capabilities. Graphical output can be constrained to particular views. Views can be specified parametrically and automatic processing of input operations can be used to control viewing. New input devices can be defined from the capabilities available. Functions are specified for archiving picture definitions to file. In addition an interface to the Computer Graphics Metafile (ISO/IEC 8632) is described. This part of ISO/IEC 9592 defines a language independent nucleus of a graphics system for integration into programming language. PHIGS is embedded in a language layer obeying the particular conventions of the language. Such language bindings are specified in ISO/IEC 9593.

Information technology -- Computer graphics and image processing -- Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS) -- Part 1: Functional description

GSO ISO/IEC 9636-5:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备对话的接口技术(CGI) 功能规范 第5部分：输入和回显

This part of ISO/IEC 9636 defines those functions of the Computer Graphics Interface concerned with obtaining graphical and non-graphical input from a Virtual Device of device class INPUT or OUTIN. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 also defines functions to support echoing of input operations on separate Virtual Devices. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 is part 5 of ISO/IEC 9636, and should be read in conjunction with ISO/IEC 9636-1, ISO/IEC 96362, and ISO/IEC 9636-4. The relationship of this part of ISO/IEC 9636 to the other parts of of ISO/IEC 9636 is described in ISO/IEC 9636-1 and in clause 4.

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Functional specification -- Part 5: Input and echoing

GSO ISO/IEC 9636-1:2016 信息技术 计算机图形学 与图形设备 (CGI) 对话的接口技术 功能规范 第1部分：概述、配置文件和一致性

ISO/IEC 9636 establishes the conceptual model, functional capability, and minimum conformance requirements of the Computer Graphics Interface (CGI). It specifies design requirements for encodings of the CGI. ISO/IEC 9636 defines a set of CGI functions that is expected to satisfy the following needs of a majority of the computer graphics community: a) provide an interface standard for computer graphics software package implementors; b) provide an interface standard for computer graphics device manufacturers and suppliers; c) provide an inquiry and response mechanism for graphics device capabilities, characteristics, and states; d) provide a standard graphics escape mechanism to access non-standard graphics device capabilities; e) allow for future functional extension of the CGI. In addition to the CGI functionality, device classes, and Foundation and Constituency Profiles are defined. The device classes included in the CGI are output (OUTPUT), input (INPUT), and output/input (OUTIN). Profiles allow subsets of the CGI functions and features to be defined to suit particular well identified groups of users. There is also provision for Constituency Profiles to be registered after ISO/IEC 9636 is published. The Computer Graphics Interface (CGI) is a standard functional and syntactical specification of the control and data exchange between device-independent graphics software and an implementation of a CGI Virtual Device. The syntax of the CGI, presented in ISO/IEC 9636, is an encoding-independent and binding-independent specification. Any similarity of the examples or function specifications to a particular encoding technique or language is coincidental unless explicitly stated otherwise. The functions specified provide for the representation of a wide range of two-dimensional pictures and for control over their display on a wide range of graphics devices. The functions are split into groups that perform device and CGI session control, specify the data representations used, control the display of the picture, perform basic drawing actions, control the attributes of the basic drawing actions, acquire data from input devices, and provide access to non-standard device capabilities. This part of ISO/IEC 9636 gives an overview of ISO/IEC 9636, explains the relationship between its parts and their relation to other standards, describes a reference model for graphics systems, and defines certain Foundation and Constituency Profiles. ISO/IEC 9636-2, ISO/IEC 9636-3, ISO/IEC 9636-4, ISO/IEC 9636-5, and ISO/IEC 9636-6 specify the CGI functions for different functional areas using an abstract notation. ISO/IEC 9637 and ISO/IEC 9638 define standard data stream encodings, procedural library bindings, and single entry point procedural bindings of the CGI. 1.1 Relationship of CGI to a computing environment ISO/IEC 9636 describes graphical services provided by a Virtual Graphics Device. The model for description of these services is expressed in terms of graphical capabilities of a single instance of a hypothetical graphics device. In all but the simplest of computing environments, CGI functions alone will not be sufficient to provide complete control over a device. Additional functions, not included in ISO/IEC 9636, will likely be needed. Examples of such functions include — means to configure (sets of) physical devices to be accessed as CGI Virtual Devices; — means to control a device capable of offering CGI-defined services as well as other, non-CGI-defined services, such as those implied by ISO 2022 and ISO 6429; — means to differentiate among separate instances of CGI Virtual Devices in the same computing environment; — means of defining or determining communication paths from CGI clients to CGI Virtual Devices. In some cases, other standards exist that describe the functions required. For example, various communications standards address the needs of the last point above. In other cases, no standards may exist, but the tasks indicated are outside the scope of ISO/IEC 9636. 1.2 Position of CGI in a managed environment There exists a large and growing family of computer controlled display systems that have the ability to act as if they are multiple individual display devices. Resources, most notably the visible drawing surface resources, are coordinated by the display system so that multiple non-cooperating client programs can each access the services of a separate individual device while all are actually running in a single managed environment. The graphical capabilities of the CGI Virtual Device may suffice, in some instances, as the basis for implementing a complex, multiple-client display system. However, the complete needs of such a system are quite complex, include many non-graphical services, and (as current practice shows) are quite technology dependent. The CGI does not, therefore, purport to be a generally sufficient interface on which a managed display environment may be built. Rather, within a managed environment, the CGI will be one of the managed interfaces in a way not visible to the CGI client without recourse to services not part of ISO/IEC 9636. The use of the CGI as a managed interface within a managed display environment is not limited to raster devices.

Information technology -- Computer graphics -- Interfacing techniques for dialogues with graphical devices (CGI) -- Functional specification -- Part 1: Overview, profiles, and conformance

BS ISO/IEC 18041-4:2016 信息技术. 计算机绘图, 图像处理和环境数据表示. 环境数据编码标准(EDCS)语言绑定件. C

Information technology. Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation. Environmental Data Coding Specification (EDCS) language bindings. C

ISO/IEC 18041-4:2016 信息技术.计算机制图、图象处理和环境数据表示法.环境数据编码规范(EDCS)语言汇编.第4部分:C

Information technology - Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation - Environmental Data Coding Specification (EDCS) language bindings - Part 4: C

ASTM E2669-16 钛铸件标准数字参考图像

4.1 These digital reference images are intended for reference only, but are designed such that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can be specified in terms of these digital reference images. The illustrations are digital images of castings that were produced under conditions designed to develop the discontinuities. 4.1.1 Applicability of Thickness Designations:  4.1.1.1 The discontinuity types, illustrated thickness and applicable thickness range are summarized in Table 1 for the Volume I images and in Table 2 for the Volume II images. 4.2 Image Deterioration—Many conditions can affect the appearance and functionality of digital reference images. For example, electrical interference, hardware incompatibilities, and corrupted files and drivers may affect their appearance. The Practice E2002 line pair gauges located in each digital reference image can be used as an aid to detect image deterioration by comparing the measured resolution using the gauges to the resolution stated on the digital reference image. Do not use the digital reference images if their appearance has been adversely affected such that the interpretation and use of the images could be influenced. 4.3 Agreement should be reached between cognizant engineering organization and the supplier that the system used by the supplier is capable of detecting and classifying the required discontinuities. 1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjuncts to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in titanium castings.2 Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the appropriate adjunct digital reference images, which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following: 1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of titanium casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through digital radiographic examination. 1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings. 1.2 The digital reference images consist of twenty-five digital files each illustrating eight grades of increasing severity. The Volume I files illustrate seven common discontinuity types representing casting sections up to 1 in. (25.4 mm). The Volume II files illustrate five discontinuity types representing casting sections over 1 in. (25.4 mm) to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness. 1.3 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering or......

Standard Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings

GSO ISO/IEC 18025:2015 信息技术环境数据编码技术规范

ISO/IEC 18025:2014 provides mechanisms to specify unambiguously objects used to model environmental concepts. To accomplish this, a collection of nine EDCS dictionaries of environmental concepts are specified: classifications: specify the type of environmental objects; attributes: specify the state of environmental objects; attribute value characteristics: specify information concerning the values of attributes; attribute enumerants: specify the allowable values for the state of an enumerated attribute; units: specify quantitative measures of the state of some environmental objects; unit scales: allow a wide range of numerical values to be stated; unit equivalence classes: specify sets of units that are mutually comparable; organizational schemas: useful for locating classifications and attributes sharing a common context; and groups: into which concepts sharing a common context are collected. A functional interface is also specified. As denoting and encoding a concept requires a standard way of identifying the concept, ISO/IEC 18025:2014 specifies labels and codes in the dictionaries. ISO/IEC 18025:2014 specifies environmental phenomena in categories that include, but are not limited to, the following: abstract concepts (e.g., absolute latitude accuracy, geodetic azimuth); airborne particulates and aerosols (e.g., cloud, dust, fog, snow); animals (e.g., civilian, fish, human, whale pod); atmosphere and atmospheric conditions (e.g., air temperature, humidity, rain rate, sensible and latent heat, wind speed and direction); bathymetric physiography (e.g., bar, channel, continental shelf, guyot, reef, seamount, waterbody floor region); electromagnetic and acoustic phenomena (e.g., acoustic noise, frequency, polarization, sound speed profile, surface reflectivity); equipment (e.g., aircraft, spacecraft, tent, train, vessel); extraterrestrial phenomena (e.g., asteroid, comet, planet); hydrology (e.g., lake, rapids, river, swamp); ice (e.g., iceberg, ice field, ice peak, ice shelf, glacier); man-made structures and their interiors (e.g., bridge, building, hallway, road, room, tower); ocean and littoral surface phenomena (e.g., beach profile, current, surf, tide, wave); ocean floor (e.g., coral, rock, sand); oceanographic conditions (e.g., luminescence, salinity, specific gravity, turbidity, water current speed); physiography (e.g., cliff, gorge, island, mountain, reef, strait, valley region); space (e.g., charged particle species, ionospheric scintillation, magnetic field, particle density, solar flares); surface materials (e.g., concrete, metal, paint, soil); and vegetation (e.g., crop land, forest, grass land, kelp bed, tree).

Information technology -- Environmental Data Coding Specification (EDCS)

GSO ISO/IEC 9973:2015 信息技术 计算机图形学 图像处理和环境数据的表示 表示元素的程序

ISO/IEC 9973:2013 specifies procedures to be followed in preparing, maintaining and publishing the International Register of Items for any standard whose classes of items are applicable to this register. The items that may be registered fall into several broad categories including: computer graphics concepts, data structures used by relevant standards, spatial and environmental concepts, and profiles of relevant standards.

Information technology -- Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation -- Procedures for registration of items

ISO/IEC 19776-2:2015 信息技术.计算机图形、图像处理和环境数据表示.可扩展3D(X3D)编码.第2部分:传统VRML编码

Information technology - Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation - Extensible 3D (X3D) encodings - Part 2: Classic VRML encoding