55.040 (Packaging materials and accessories) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D3953-15 捆扎 扁钢和密封件的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers flat steel strapping and seals intended for use in closing, reinforcing, bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for carloading, truckloading, lifting, and lashing. 1.2 This specification includes strapping and seals made from carbon steel and applies only to the types and sizes as cataloged by strapping suppliers to be a standard, commercially available product. It does not include “specialty”-type strapping as developed for special applications or strapping produced from alloy metals. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 Performance characteristics may be negatively affected by extremes of temperatures, such as occur during the annealing of steel. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 11, 12, and 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals

ASTM D1596-14 包装材料动态冲击缓冲特性的标准试验方法

5.1 Dynamic cushioning test data obtained by this test method are applicable to the cushioning material and not necessarily the same as obtained in a package. In addition to the influence of the package, the data can also be affected by the specimen area, thickness, loading rate, and other factors. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for obtaining dynamic shock cushioning characteristics of packaging materials through acceleration-time data achieved from dropping a falling guided platen assembly onto a motionless sample. This test method does not address any effects or contributions of exterior packaging assemblies. 1.2 The data acquired may be used for a single point or for use in developing a dynamic cushion curve for the specific material being tested. Such data may be used for comparison among different materials at specific input conditions, or qualifying materials against performance specifications. Caution should be used when attempting to compare data from different methods or when using such data for predicting in-package performance. Depending upon the particular materials of concern, correlation of such data (from among differing procedures or for predicting in–package performance) may be highly variable.Note 1—Alternative and related method for possible consideration is Test Method D4168. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Shock Cushioning Characteristics of Packaging Material

ASTM D4675-14 平捆扎材料的选择和使用标准指南

4.1 This guide is intended to assist the user in selecting strapping material(s) and application method(s), for evaluation, when subjected to handling, transit, and storage tests. It describes general load, unit and package types, strapping properties, strapping performance, weight considerations, shear planes, component frictional characteristics, and geometry.FIG. 1 Various Strapping ApplicationsTABLE 4 Strapping Applications Commonly Used for Packaging, Unitization, and Load SecurementNote 1—For guidance purposes only. The strapping types and sizes indicated for specific applications are typical. The table is not intended to recommend or specify.   Industry Product ASTM D3953 Standard Specification for Strapping Flat Steel and Seals ASTM D3950 Standard Specification for Strapping Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods) Hand or Machine Applied Hand Applied Hand or Machine Applied Type I Steel Regular Duty Type I Steel Regular Duty High Strength Type I Steel Heavy Duty Type IA Bonded, Woven, or Composite Polyester Cord Type I Bonded Rayon Cord Type II Polypropylene

Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials

ASTM F2191/F2191M-13 石墨或带状碳纱线包装材料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers staple or continuous filament carbon/graphite yarn valve stem compression packing, suitable for use as end-rings on packing systems for valves. Intended services include steam, hydrocarbons, water and non-oxidizing chemicals. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM F2191, Sections 1 – 18 apply. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM/DoD F2191, Sections 1 – 18 and the Supplementary Requirements shall be applicable. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon Braided Yarn

ASTM D3953-13 带钢、扁平钢和密封条的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers flat steel strapping and seals intended for use in closing, reinforcing, bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for carloading, truckloading, lifting, and lashing. 1.2 This specification includes strapping and seals made from carbon steel and applies only to the types and sizes as cataloged by strapping suppliers to be a standard, commercially available product. It does not include “specialty”-type strapping as developed for special applications or strapping produced from alloy metals. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 Performance characteristics may be negatively affected by extremes of temperatures, such as occur during the annealing of steel. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 11, 12, and 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals

ASTM F3004-13e1 使用空中超声波评定密封质量和完整性的标准试验方法

5.1 This method allows for the evaluation of seal quality by passing an ultrasound signal through the sealed area of a package or item. Poorly sealed areas will not transmit as much ultrasonic energy as properly sealed areas. 5.2 This method relies on quantitative analysis of ultrasound signal strength, providing a non-subjective approach to assessing package seal quality and detecting defects. 5.3 This technique has been used for inspecting a variety of materials including flexible pouch seals, rigid tray seals and other packaging components such as affixed valves. The precision and bias for any specific package and seal configuration needs to be individually determined and validated. 5.4 The C-Scan approach is useful for laboratory applications or off-line seal inspection. The L-Scan approach can be used for on-line, real time inspection of seal quality. The sensitivity of either approach to detect a given defect size and level of severity needs to be individually determined. 5.5 Sound waves propagate at different speeds through different materials generally moving faster through more dense materials. The acoustic impedance (expressed as g/cm2·μs) is the product of density (g/cm3) and velocity (cm/μs). Of particular importance is the extreme difference between the impedance of air and that of any solid material. Any gap or poorly bonded area can be readily detected. Material Velocity (cm/μsec) Density (g/cm3) Acoustic Impedance (g/cm2-μsec) Air (20°C, 1 bar) 0.0344 0.00119 0.000041 Water (20°C) 0.148 1.0 0.148 Polyethylene 0.267 1.1 0.294 Aluminum 0.632 2.7 1.710

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Seal Quality and Integrity Using Airborne Ultrasound

ASTM F2054/F2054M-13 运用阻隔板中内部气体加压法对软包装密封处进行破裂试验的标准试验方法

5.1 This test provides a rapid means of evaluating tendencies for package seal failure when the package is exposed to a pressure differential. Pressure differentials may occur during such processes as sterilization and transportation. This test method provides an indicator of the burst strength of a package, where the burst will normally occur in one or more areas of the seal. An indicator of the minimum burst strength may be of importance to the package manufacturer and end user in ensuring adequate package integrity. This test method cannot provide a measure of package seal uniformity. This test method also cannot provide an evaluation of overall package integrity or the burst strength of areas of the package that contact the surface of the restraining plates used. This test method should be combined with other methods of evaluating overall package integrity, uniformity of the package seal, or opening functionality, if so required. 5.2 This test frequently is used to quickly evaluate package seal strength during the manufacturing process and at various stages of the package''s life cycle. 5.3 If correlations between pieces of test equipment are to be made it is important that all parameters of the test be equivalent. Typical parameters can include, but are not limited to the package size, material, type and configuration of seal, rate of air flow into the package, pressure detection sensing mechanism and sensitivity (machine response to pressure drop), position of test article, rigidity of restraining plates, and distance between restraining plates. See Appendix X2 for further information. 5.4 This test may not necessarily provide correlation with package seal strength as typically measured using Test Methods F1140 or F88 (or equivalents). 1.1 These test methods cover the procedure for determining the minimum burst strength of a seal placed around the perimeter of a flexible package as it is internally pressurized and enclosed within restraining plates. 1.2 The test methods described herein are functionally similar to Test Methods F1140 with the exception of the use of restraining plates. Test Methods F1140 describes methods of burst testing that do not include the use of restraining plates and are suitable to determine a packages general ability to withstand pressurization stresses. Under Test Methods F1140 the stresses are not distributed uniformly to all areas of the package seal. Under unrestrained conditions the stress on the package is highest at the middle of the pouch where it inflates to the packages maximum diameter; therefore, Test Methods F1140 may not reliably detect the weakest area of the seal. 1.3 The burst test internal......

Standard Test Method for Burst Testing of Flexible Package Seals Using Internal Air Pressurization Within Restraining Plates

ASTM F2168-13 包装材料石墨波纹带或织构带和模制环的标准规范

1.1 Scope—This specification covers various types, classes, and grades of flexible graphite material in which valve media temperatures are limited to a maximum of 966°C. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM F2168, Sections 1 – 18 apply. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM/DoD F2168, Sections 1 – 18 and the Supplementary Requirements apply. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Packing Material, Graphitic, Corrugated Ribbon or Textured Tape, and Die-Formed Ring

ASTM E398-13 用动态相对湿度测量测定薄片材料的水蒸气透过率的标准试验方法

5.1 No single set of test conditions can represent all climatic and use conditions, so this WVTR test method serves more to compare different materials at a stated set of conditions than to predict their actual performance in the field under any conditions. 5.2 The water vapor transmission rate, under known and carefully controlled conditions, may be used to evaluate the vapor barrier qualities of a sheet. Direct correlation of values obtained under different conditions of test temperature and relative humidity will be valid provided the barrier material under test does not undergo changes in solid state (such as a crystalline transition or melting point) at or between the conditions of test. 1.1 This test method covers dynamic evaluation of the rate of transfer of water vapor through a flexible barrier material and allows conversion to the generally recognized units of water vapor transmission (WVT) as obtained by various other test methods including the gravimetric method described in Test Methods E96/E96M. 1.2 Limitations—This test method is limited to flexible barrier sheet materials composed of either completely hydrophobic materials, or combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials having at least one surface that is hydrophobic. 1.3 The minimum test value obtained by this test method is limited by the leakage of water vapor past the clamping seals of the test instrument. A reasonable value may be approximately 0.01 g/24 h·m 2 for any WVTR method including the desiccant procedure of Test Methods E96/E96M at 37.8°C, and 908201;% relative humidity. This limit can be checked for each instrument with an impervious specimen such as aluminum foil. Calibration procedures can compensate for the leakage rate if so stated. 1.4 This test method is not suitable for referee testing at this time, but is suitable for control testing and material comparison. 1.5 Several other ASTM test methods are available to test a similar property. This test method is unique in that it closely duplicates typical product storage where a transfer of moisture from a package into the environment is allowed to proceed without constantly sweeping the environmental side with dry gas. Methods with constantly swept dry sides include Test Methods F1249, F372, and F1770. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Sheet Materials Using Dynamic Relative Humidity Measurement

ASTM F3004-13 采用气载超声波评估密封质量和完整性的标准试验方法

5.1 This method allows for the evaluation of seal quality by passing an ultrasound signal through the sealed area of a package or item. Poorly sealed areas will not transmit as much ultrasonic energy as properly sealed areas. 5.2 This method relies on quantitative analysis of ultrasound signal strength, providing a non-subjective approach to assessing package seal quality and detecting defects. 5.3 This technique has been used for inspecting a variety of materials including flexible pouch seals, rigid tray seals and other packaging components such as affixed valves. The precision and bias for any specific package and seal configuration needs to be individually determined and validated. 5.4 The C-Scan approach is useful for laboratory applications or off-line seal inspection. The L-Scan approach can be used for on-line, real time inspection of seal quality. The sensitivity of either approach to detect a given defect size and level of severity needs to be individually determined. 5.5 Sound waves propagate at different speeds through different materials generally moving faster through more dense materials. The acoustic impedance (expressed as g/cm2·μs) is the product of density (g/cm3) and velocity (cm/μs). Of particular importance is the extreme difference between the impedance of air and that of any solid material. Any gap or poorly bonded area can be readily detected. Material Velocity (cm/μsec) Density (g/cm3) Acoustic Impedance (g/cm2-μsec) Air (20°C, 1 bar) 0.0344 0.00119 0.000041 Water (20°C) 0.148 1.0 0.148 Polyethylene 0.267 1.1 0.294 Aluminum 0.632 2.7 1.710

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Seal Quality and Integrity Using Airborne Ultrasound

ASTM F34-13 柔性阻挡材料液体提取物试验池结构的标准实施规程

5.1 Knowledge of extractives from flexible barrier materials may serve many useful purposes. A test cell constructed as described in this practice may be used for obtaining such data. Another test cell has been found equivalent to the one described in this practice. See the appendix for the source of the alternate cell. 5.2 United States Federal Regulations 21CFR 176.170 (d)(3), 21CFR 177.1330 (e)(4), 21CFR 177.1360 (b), 21CFR 177.1670 (b), and 21CFR Appendix VI (b) cite this standard practice as the basis for determining the amount of extractables from the surface of a package or multilayer film or modified paper in contact with food. In some cases, it is the only practice defined for this purpose. No alternative detail is given in the regulations for conducting extractions. 5.3 Test Method D4754 is not an equivalent to this test method. It is for two-sided extraction of films having the same material on both of the exposed surfaces of the film. 1.1 This practice covers the construction of test cells which may be used for the extraction of components from flexible barrier materials by suitable extracting liquids, including foods and food simulating solvents. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials

ASTM F2251-13 柔性包装材料厚度测量的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring a thickness dimension. Accurate measurement of thickness can be critical to meeting specifications and characterizing process, product, and material performance. 4.2 This test method does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product. Repeatability and reproducibility of measurement is shown in the Precision and Bias section. Attention should be given to the inherent variability of materials being measured as this can affect measurement outcome. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness of flexible packaging materials using contact micrometers. 1.2 The Precision and Bias statement for this test method was developed using both handheld and bench top micrometers with foot sizes ranging from 4.8 to 15.9 mm (3/16 to 5/8 in.). 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Thickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material

ASTM F3039-13 采用燃料渗透法检测无孔包装或柔性阻隔材料泄漏的标准试验方法

4.1 Contaminants may enter the package through leaks. Alternatively, product may be lost from the package through leaks. These leaks are frequently found at seals between package components of the same or dissimilar materials. 4.2 Ingress or egress of gas or moisture through leaks in a package can also degrade sensitive contents. 4.3 There is no general agreement concerning the level of leakage that is likely to be deleterious to a particular package. However, since these tests are designed to detect leakage, components that exhibit any indication of leakage may be rejected. 4.4 These procedures are suitable for use to verify and locate leakage sites. They are not quantitative. No indication of leak size can be inferred from the test. Therefore, this method is employed as a go/no-go test. 4.5 This test is destructive. All package or component test samples exposed to dye penetration testing may not be used for final product packaging. 1.1 This test method defines a procedure that will detect and locate a leak equal to or greater than a channel formed by a 50 µm [0.002 in.] wire in the edge seals of a nonporous package. A dye penetrant solution is applied locally to the seal edge to be tested for leaks. After contact with the dye penetrant for a minimum specified time, the package is visually inspected for dye penetration or, preferably, the seal edge is placed against an absorbent surface and the surface inspected for staining from the dye. 1.2 This test method is used for both transparent and opaque nonporous surfaces. 1.3 This test method requires that the dye penetrant have good contrast to the materials being tested and/or the absorbent surface. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Detecting Leaks in Nonporous Packaging or Flexible Barrier Materials by Dye Penetration

ASTM D4727/D4727M-12 瓦楞和硬质纸板板材(容器级)和切割型材标准规格

1.1 This specification covers fiberboard primarily used for the fabrication of boxes and interior details such as pads, sleeves, liners, partitions, die-cut sheets, etc. 1.2 The performance of fiberboard boxes is largely dependent on the paper components from which they are fabricated and, in the case of corrugated boxes, on the flute structure as well. Therefore, a variety of grades reflecting varied performance levels are specified. 1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See for conversion of units. 1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test portion, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes

ASTM F1929-12 用染料渗透试验法检测多孔渗水医用包装封层泄漏物的标准试验方法

4.1 Harmful biological or particulate contaminants may enter the medical package through leaks. These leaks are frequently found at seals between package components of the same or dissimilar materials. Leaks may also result from a pinhole in the packaging material. 4.2 It is the objective of this test method to visually observe the presence of channel defects by the leakage of dye through them. 4.3 This dye penetrant procedure is applicable only to individual leaks in a package seal. The presence of a number of small leaks, as found in porous packaging material, which could be detected by other techniques, will not be indicated. 4.4 There is no general agreement concerning the level of leakage that is likely to be deleterious to a particular package. However, since these tests are designed to detect leaks, components that exhibit any indication of leakage are normally rejected. 4.5 These procedures are suitable to verify and locate leakage sites. They are not quantitative. No indication of leak size can be inferred from these tests. The methods are usually employed as a pass/fail test. 4.6 The dye solution will wick through any porous material over time, but usually not within the maximum time suggested. If wicking does occur, it may be verified by observing the porous side of the subject seal area. The dye will have discolored the surface of the material. Refer to Appendix X1 for details on wicking and guidance on the observance of false positives. 1.1 This test method defines materials and procedures that will detect and locate a leak equal to or greater than a channel formed by a 50 ??m (0.002 in.) wire in package edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. A dye penetrant solution is applied locally to the seal edge to be tested for leaks. After contact with the dye penetrant for a specified time, the package is visually inspected for dye penetration. 1.2 Three dye application methods are covered in this test method: injection, edge dip, and eyedropper. 1.3 These test methods are intended for use on packages with edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. The test methods are limited to porous materials which can retain the dye penetrant solution and prevent it from discoloring the seal area for a minimum of 5 seconds. Uncoated papers are especially susceptible to leakage and must be evaluated carefully for use with each test method. 1.4 These test methods require that the dye penetrant solution have good contrast to the opaque packaging material. 1.5 The values are stated in International System of Units (SI units) and English units. Either is to be regarded as standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Detecting Seal Leaks in Porous Medical Packaging by Dye Penetration

ASTM D3950-12a 非金属皮带(及连接方法)的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping and joining methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, and bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for car loading and truck loading. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)

ASTM F2638-12 测量作为替代微生物屏障的多空包装材料性能的气溶胶过滤性使用的标准试验方法

This test method has been developed as a result of research performed by Air Dispersion Limited (Manchester, UK) and funded by the Barrier Test Consortium Limited. The results of this research have been published in a peer-reviewed journal. This research demonstrated that testing the barrier performance of porous packaging materials using microorganisms correlates with measuring the filtration efficiency of the materials. This test method does not require the use of microbiological method; in addition, the test method can be conducted in a rapid and timely manner. When measuring the filtration efficiency of porous packaging materials a typical filtration efficiency curve is determined (see Fig. 1). Since the arc of these curves is dependent upon the characteristics of each individual material, the appropriate way to make comparison among materials is using the parameter that measures maximum penetration through the material. The particle filtration method is a quantitative procedure for determining the microbial barrier properties of materials using a challenge of 1.0 µm particles over range of pressure differentials from near zero to approximately 30 cm water column (WC). This test method is based upon the research of Tallentire and Sinclair and uses physical test methodology to allow for a rapid determination of microbial barrier performance.1.1 This test method measures the aerosol filtration performance of porous packaging materials by creating a defined aerosol of 1.0 μm particles and assessing the filtration efficiency of the material using either single or dual particle counters. 1.2 This test method is applicable to porous materials used to package terminally sterilized medical devices. 1.3 The intent of this test method is to determine the flow rate through a material at which maximum penetration occurs. The porous nature of some materials used in sterile packaging applications might preclude evaluation by means of this test method. The maximum penetration point of a particular material could occur at a flow rate that exceeds the flow capacity of the test apparatus. As such, this test method may not be useful for evaluating the maximum penetration point of materials with a Bendtsen flow rate above 4000 mL/min as measured by ISO 5636–3. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Using Aerosol Filtration for Measuring the Performance of Porous Packaging Materials as a Surrogate Microbial Barrier

ASTM E1870-11 聚合包装薄膜释放出的刺激气味和味道传播的标准试验方法

This test method is designed for use by a trained sensory panel experienced in using an intensity scale or rank ordering and familiar with the descriptive terminology and references associated with the packaging materials. Data analysis and interpretation should be conducted by a trained and experienced sensory professional. See Refs (4-5) for discussions on assessor screening and training. This test method should be considered as a screening technique for suppliers and end-users to use in assessing flavor impact of packaging films. The application of this test method will result in a FPS or rank data. The determination for suitability of a packaging film for a particular end-use should be based on a set of predetermined criteria including the FPS or rank score. Information obtained from the transfer tests can also be used to evaluate the origin of any transferred tastes or odors.1.1 This test method covers a recommended procedure for examining odor and taste properties of polymeric film intended for use as flexible packaging materials. This test method can be used for single (mono) layers, coextruded, and laminate materials. The focus of this test method is the evaluation of the film in terms of its perceived inherent odor and the transfer of package-related odors, or flavors, or both, to water and other model systems (bland food simulants). 1.2 This test method assumes testing of the films at a one-time point; shelf-life testing is not included. Please see Ref (1) for discussion of shelf-life testing. 1.3 This test method can provide sample preparation procedures and two methods of evaluation. The Film Performance Score Method allows for the comparison of any film sample to another. The Ranking Method allows for comparison of samples within a set. The preparation of samples is consistent regardless of the method of evaluation used. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health precision and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use

Standard Test Method for Odor and Taste Transfer from Polymeric Packaging Film

ASTM D3950-11 非金属皮带(及连接方法)的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping and joining methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, and bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for car loading and truck loading. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)

ASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2012) 非自动(手动)扭矩测试设备用带连续线性封合的包装件的持久扭矩测量的标准试验方法

This test method allows for the measurement of the torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems of various designs, materials, and manufacture, and is suitable for packaging development and engineering evaluation. This test method can be used for the evaluation of container/continuous thread closure systems under controlled conditions (where the application torque is known and the applied downward force to the closure is zero). This test method measures torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems with the use of a non-automated, spring torque-meter (with either a dial indicator or a digital readout) or a torque wrench.1.1 These test methods evaluate the torque retention of continuous thread closures on containers, with matching finishes, for predetermined environmental conditions over time. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Note 18212;The SI unit system is the recommended system. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment