75.040 (Crude petroleum) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7622-10(2015) 使用燃烧和直接冷蒸气原子吸收法测定原油中总汞的标准测试方法与塞曼背景校正

5.1 The emission of mercury during crude oil refining is an environmental concern. The emission of mercury may also contaminate refined products and form amalgams with metals, such as aluminum. 5.2 When representative test portions are analyzed according to this procedure, the total mercury is representative of concentrations in the sample. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the total mercury content in a sample of crude oil. This test method can be used for total mercury determination in natural and processed liquid and oil products (gasoline, naphtha, etc.). 1.2 This test method may be applied to samples containing between 5.08201;ng/mL to 3508201;ng/mL of mercury. The results may be converted to mass basis. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method with Zeeman Background Correction

ASTM D7059-09 用多维气相色谱法测定原油中甲醇的试验方法

Methanol is used in production of crude oil to prevent formation of gas hydrates. The presence of residual methanol in crude oils can lead to costly problems in refinery operations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol in crude oils by direct injection multidimensional gas chromatography in the concentration range of 15 to 900 ppm (m/m). The pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ) is 15 ppm (m/m). 1.2 This test method is applicable only to crude oils containing less than or equal to 0.1 % (v/v) water. 1.3 This test method has not been tested with crude oil samples that are solid or waxy, or both, at ambient temperatures. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Alternate units, in common usage, are also provided to increase clarity and aid the users of this test method. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Methanol in Crude Oils by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

ASTM D7059-09(2013) 采用多维气相色谱法测定原油中甲醇的标准试验方法

5.1 Methanol is used in production of crude oil to prevent formation of gas hydrates. The presence of residual methanol in crude oils can lead to costly problems in refinery operations. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol in crude oils by direct injection multidimensional gas chromatography in the concentration range of 15 to 900 ppm (m/m). The pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ) is 15 ppm (m/m). 1.2 This test method is applicable only to crude oils containing less than or equal to 0.18201;% (v/v) water. 1.3 This test method has not been tested with crude oil samples that are solid or waxy, or both, at ambient temperatures. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Alternate units, in common usage, are also provided to increase clarity and aid the users of this test method. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Methanol in Crude Oils by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

ASTM D3230-09 原油中含盐量的标准试验方法(电测法)

This test method is used to determine the approximate chloride content of crude oils, a knowledge of which is important in deciding whether or not the crude oil needs desalting. The efficiency of the process desalter can also be evaluated. Excessive chloride left in the crude oil frequently results in higher corrosion rates in refining units and also has detrimental effects on catalysts used in these units. This test method provides a rapid and convenient means of determining the approximate content of chlorides in crude oil and is useful to crude oil processors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate chloride (salts) concentration in crude oil. The range of concentration covered is 0 to 500 mg/kg or 0 to 150 lb/1000 bbl as chloride concentration/volume of crude oil. 1.2 This test method measures conductivity in the crude oil due to the presence of common chlorides, such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Other conductive materials may also be present in the crude oil. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Acceptable concentration units are g/m3 or PTB (lb/1000 bbl). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.11.

Standard Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)

ASTM D7157-09 测定含沥青残留物、重燃料油和原油固有稳定性的标准试验方法(正庚烷相位分离.光学探测法)

This test method describes a sensitive method for estimating the intrinsic stability of an oil. The intrinsic stability is expressed as S-value. An oil with a low S-value is likely to undergo flocculation of asphaltenes when stressed (for example, extended heated storage) or blended with a range of other oils. Two oils each with a high S-value are likely to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized state and not lead to asphaltene flocculation when blended together. This test method can be used by petroleum refiners to control and optimize the refinery processes and by blenders and marketers to assess the intrinsic stability of blended asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for quantifying the intrinsic stability of the asphaltenes in an oil by an automatic instrument using an optical device. 1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from thermal and hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifications D 396 Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D 2880 Grades No. 3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products contain 0.5 mass% or greater concentration of asphaltenes (see Test Method D 6560). 1.3 This test method quantifies asphaltene stability in terms of state of peptization of the asphaltenes (S-value), intrinsic stability of the oily medium (So) and the solvency requirements of the peptized asphaltenes (Sa). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use

Standard Test Method for Determination of Intrinsic Stability of Asphaltene-Containing Residues, Heavy Fuel Oils, and Crude Oils (n-Heptane Phase Separation; Optical Detection)

ASTM D4310-09 测定矿物油淤渣倾向的试验方法

Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions. Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, during field service. However, no correlation with field service has been established.1.1 This test method covers and is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 18212;During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available (see Section 17). 1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.0 mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime. 1.3 Procedure A of this test method requires the determination and report of the weight of the sludge and the total amount of copper in the oil, water, and sludge phases. Procedure B requires the sludge determination only. The acid number determination is optional for both procedures. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and X1.1.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D5853-09 原油倾点用标准试验方法

The pour point of a crude oil is an index of the lowest temperature of handleability for certain applications. This is the only pour point method specifically designed for crude oils. The maximum and minimum pour point temperatures provide a temperature window where a crude oil, depending on its thermal history, might appear in the liquid as well as the solid state. The test method can be used to supplement other measurements of cold flow behavior. It is especially useful for the screening of the effect of wax interaction modifiers on the flow behavior of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the determination of the pour point temperatures of crude oils down to −36°C. Procedure A provides a measure of the maximum (upper) pour point temperature and is described in 9.1. Procedure B provides a measure of the minimum (lower) pour point temperature and is described in 9.2. 1.2 The use of this test method is limited to use for crude oils. Pour point temperatures of other petroleum products can be determined by Test Method D 97. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils

ASTM D3230-08 原油中含盐量的标准试验方法(电测法)

This test method is used to determine the approximate chloride content of crude oils, a knowledge of which is important in deciding whether or not the crude oil needs desalting. The efficiency of the process desalter can also be evaluated. Excessive chloride left in the crude oil frequently results in higher corrosion rates in refining units and also has detrimental effects on catalysts used in these units. This test method provides a rapid and convenient means of determining the approximate content of chlorides in crude oil and is useful to crude oil processors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate chloride (salts) concentration in crude oil. The range of concentration covered is 0 to 500 mg/kg or 0 to 150 lb/1000 bbl as chloride concentration/volume of crude oil. 1.2 This test method measures conductivity in the crude oil due to the presence of common chlorides, such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Other conductive materials may also be present in the crude oil. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Acceptable concentration units are g/m3 or PTB (lb/1000 bbl). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.11.

Standard Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)

ASTM D4007-08 离心法(实验室方法)测定原油中水和沉积物的标准试验方法

The water and sediment content of crude oil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A determination of water and sediment content is required to measure accurately net volumes of actual oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and custody transfers. It is not anticipated that this test method, which is written with a dedicated laboratory facility in mind, is likely to be used in field test rooms or sample rooms due to safety concerns for proper ventilation nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;and handling.1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in crude oils by means of the centrifuge procedure. This centrifuge method for determining water and sediment in crude oils is not entirely satisfactory. The amount of water detected is almost always lower than the actual water content. When a highly accurate value is required, the revised procedures for water by distillation, Test Method D 4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) (Note 1), and sediment by extraction, Test Method D 473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1), shall be used. Note 18212;Test Method D 4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) has been determined to be the preferred and most accurate method for the determination of water. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear in 6.1, 8.3, and A1.5.4.

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

ASTM D6377-08 测定原油蒸气压的的标准试验方法:VPCR(膨胀法)

Vapor pressure of crude oil at various V/Ls is an important physical property for shipping and storage. Note 28212;A vapor-liquid ratio of 0.02:1 (X = 0.02) mimics closely the situation of an oil tanker. Vapor pressure of crude oil is important to crude oil producers and refiners for general handling and initial refinery treatment. The vapor pressure determined by this test method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (VPCR4) of crude oil at 37.8°C can be related to the vapor pressure value determined on the same material when tested by Test Method D 323 (see Appendix X1). Chilling and air saturation of the sample prior to the vapor pressure measurement is not required. This test method can be applied in online applications in which an air saturation procedure prior to the measurement cannot be performed.1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum of crude oils. This test method is suitable for testing samples that exert a vapor pressure between 25 and 180 kPa at 37.8°C at vapor-liquid ratios from 4:1 to 0.02:1 (X = 4 to 0.02). Note 18212;This test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of crude oils at temperatures from 0 to 100°C and pressures up to 500 kPa, but the precision and bias statements (see Section 14) may not be applicable. 1.2 This test method allows the determination of vapor pressure for crude oil samples having pour points above 0°C. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2.1-7.3.2.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCR_x (Expansion Method)

ASTM D4006-07 通过蒸馏测定原油中含水量的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in crude oil by distillation.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and A1.1.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation

ASTM D4929-07 原油中有机氯化物含量的测定用标准试验方法

Organic chloride species are potentially damaging to refinery processes. Hydrochloric acid can be produced in hydrotreating or reforming reactors and the acid accumulates in condensing regions of the refinery. Unexpected concentrations of organic chlorides cannot be effectively neutralized and damage can result. Organic chlorides are not known to be naturally present in crude oils and usually result from cleaning operations at producing sites, pipelines, or tanks. It is important for the oil industry to have common methods available for the determination of organic chlorides in crude oil, particularly when transfer of custody is involved.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of organic chloride (above 1 μg/g organically-bound chlorine) in crude oils, using either distillation and sodium biphenyl reduction or distillation and microcoulometry. 1.2 These test methods involve the distillation of crude oil test specimens to obtain a naphtha fraction prior to chloride determination. The chloride content of the naphtha fraction of the whole crude oil can thereby be obtained. See Section 5 regarding potential interferences. 1.3 Test Method A covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by sodium biphenyl reduction followed by potentiometric titration. 1.4 Test Method B covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by oxidative combustion followed by microcoulometric titration. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred concentration units are micrograms of chloride per gram of sample. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil

ASTM D4929-07(2014) 原油中有机氯化物含量测定的标准试验方法

4.1 Organic chloride species are potentially damaging to refinery processes. Hydrochloric acid can be produced in hydrotreating or reforming reactors and the acid accumulates in condensing regions of the refinery. Unexpected concentrations of organic chlorides cannot be effectively neutralized and damage can result. Organic chlorides are not known to be naturally present in crude oils and usually result from cleaning operations at producing sites, pipelines, or tanks. It is important for the oil industry to have common methods available for the determination of organic chlorides in crude oil, particularly when transfer of custody is involved. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of organic chloride (above 1 μg/g organically-bound chlorine) in crude oils, using either distillation and sodium biphenyl reduction or distillation and microcoulometry. 1.2 These test methods involve the distillation of crude oil test specimens to obtain a naphtha fraction prior to chloride determination. The chloride content of the naphtha fraction of the whole crude oil can thereby be obtained. See Section 5 regarding potential interferences. 1.3 Test Method A covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by sodium biphenyl reduction followed by potentiometric titration. 1.4 Test Method B covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by oxidative combustion followed by microcoulometric titration. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred concentration units are micrograms of chloride per gram of sample. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil

ASTM D3230-06 原油中含盐量的标准试验方法(电测法)

This test method is used to determine the approximate chloride content of crude oils, a knowledge of which is important in deciding whether or not the crude oil needs desalting. The efficiency of the process desalter can also be evaluated. Excessive chloride left in the crude oil frequently results in higher corrosion rates in refining units and also has detrimental effects on catalysts used in these units. This test method provides a rapid and convenient means of determining the approximate content of chlorides in crude oil and is useful to crude oil processors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate chloride (salts) concentration in crude oil. The range of concentration covered is 0 to 500 mg/kg or 0 to 150 lb/1000 bbl as chloride concentration/volume of crude oil.1.2 This test method measures conductivity in the crude oil due to the presence of common chlorides, such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Other conductive materials may also be present in the crude oil.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Acceptable concentration units are g/m3 or PTB (lb/1000 bbl).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see , , and .

Standard Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)

ASTM D4310-06 测定抑制矿物油淤渣和腐蚀倾向的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 18212;During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available.1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D 943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.0 mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime.1.3 The values state in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No ther units of measurement are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and X1.1.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D4310-06a 测定抑制矿物油淤渣和腐蚀倾向的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 1 During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available.1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D 943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.0 mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and X1.1.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D4310-06b 测定抑制矿物油淤渣和腐蚀倾向的标准试验方法

Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions. Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, during field service. However, no correlation with field service has been established.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 1During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available.1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D 943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.0 mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime.1.3 Procedure A of this test method requires the determination and report of the weight of the sludge and the total amount of copper in the oil, water, and sludge phases. Procedure B requires the sludge determination only. The acid number determination is optional for both procedures.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and X1.1.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D5853-06 原油倾点的标准试验方法

The pour point of a crude oil is an index of the lowest temperature of handleability for certain applications. This is the only pour point method specifically designed for crude oils. The maximum and minimum pour point temperatures provide a temperature window where a crude oil, depending on its thermal history, might appear in the liquid as well as the solid state. The test method can be used to supplement other measurements of cold flow behavior. It is especially useful for the screening of the effect of wax interaction modifiers on the flow behavior of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the determination of the pour point temperatures of crude oils down to -36176;C. Procedure A provides a measure of the maximum (upper) pour point temperature and is described in 9.1. Procedure B provides a measure of the minimum (lower) pour point temperature and is described in 9.2.1.2 The use of this test method is limited to use for crude oils. Pour point temperatures of other petroleum products can be determined by Test Method D 97.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils

ASTM D2892-05 原油蒸馏用标准试验方法(15块理论塔板蒸馏塔)

This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on a crude oil to determine its value. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges and is therefore valuable in technical discussions of a commercial nature. This test method corresponds to the standard laboratory distillation efficiency referred to as 15/5. The fractions produced can be analyzed as produced or combined to produce samples for analytical studies, engineering, and product quality evaluations. The preparation and evaluation of such blends is not part of this test method. This test method can be used as an analytical tool for examination of other petroleum mixtures with the exception of LPG, very light naphthas, and mixtures with initial boiling points above 400°C. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum (see Note 0) to a final cut temperature of 400C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.Note 0Defined as having a Reid vapor pressure less than 82.7 kPa (12 psi).1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquefied gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquefied petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400C.1.4 This test method contains the following annexes and appendixes:1.4.1 Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), 1.4.9 Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Practice for Performance Check.1.5 si-value;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section .1.6 This test method is for determining the efficiency of a distillation column, under total reflux conditions using the test mixture n-heptane/methylcyclohexane at atmospheric pressure.1.7 The efficiency is not measured under vacuum conditions because there is no satisfactory test mixture that has a constant relative volatility with pressure.1.8 This test method is for determining the dynamic holdup of a distillation column using a test mi......

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D4807-05(2010) 用薄膜过滤法测定原油中沉积物的试验方法

A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oil is important both in refinery operations and in crude oil commerce.1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils by membrane filtration. This test method has been validated for crude oils with sediments up to approximately 0.15 mass %. 1.2 The accepted unit of measure for this test method is mass %, but an equation to convert to volume % is provided (see Note 6). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and Annex A1.

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration