75.040 (Crude petroleum) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4807-05 膜过滤法测定原油中沉淀物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils by membrane filtration. This test method has been validated for crude oils with sediments up to approximately 0.15 mass %.1.2 The accepted unit of measure for this test method is mass %, but an equation to convert to volume % is provided (see Note 6).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and Annex A1.

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration

ASTM D3230-05a 原油中含盐量的标准试验方法(电测法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate chloride (salts) concentration in crude oil. The range of concentration covered is 0 to 500 mg/kg or 0 to 150 lb/1000 bbl as chloride concentration/volume of crude oil.1.2 This test method measures conductivity in the crude oil due to the presence of common chlorides, such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Other conductive materials may also be present in the crude oil.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Acceptable concentration units are g/m3 or PTB (lb/1000 bbl).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see , , and .

Standard Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)

ASTM D4807-05e1 膜过滤法测定原油中沉淀物的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oil is important both in refinery operations and in crude oil commerce. FIG. 1 Membrane Filtration Assembly1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils by membrane filtration. This test method has been validated for crude oils with sediments up to approximately 0.15 mass %.1.2 The accepted unit of measure for this test method is mass %, but an equation to convert to volume % is provided (see Note 6).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and Annex A1.

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration

ASTM D2892-05 原油蒸馏用标准试验方法(15块理论塔板蒸馏塔)

This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on a crude oil to determine its value. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges and is therefore valuable in technical discussions of a commercial nature. This test method corresponds to the standard laboratory distillation efficiency referred to as 15/5. The fractions produced can be analyzed as produced or combined to produce samples for analytical studies, engineering, and product quality evaluations. The preparation and evaluation of such blends is not part of this test method. This test method can be used as an analytical tool for examination of other petroleum mixtures with the exception of LPG, very light naphthas, and mixtures with initial boiling points above 400°C. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum (see Note 0) to a final cut temperature of 400C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.Note 0Defined as having a Reid vapor pressure less than 82.7 kPa (12 psi).1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquefied gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquefied petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400C.1.4 This test method contains the following annexes and appendixes:1.4.1 Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), 1.4.9 Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Practice for Performance Check.1.5 si-value;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section .1.6 This test method is for determining the efficiency of a distillation column, under total reflux conditions using the test mixture n-heptane/methylcyclohexane at atmospheric pressure.1.7 The efficiency is not measured under vacuum conditions because there is no satisfactory test mixture that has a constant relative volatility with pressure.1.8 This test method is for determining the dynamic holdup of a distillation column using a test mi......

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D7059-04e1 用多维气相色谱法测定原油中甲醇的标准试验方法

Methanol is used in production of crude oil to prevent formation of gas hydrates. The presence of residual methanol in crude oils can lead to costly problems in refinery operations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol in crude oils by direct injection multidimensional gas chromatography in the concentration range of 15 to 900 ppm (m/m). The pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ) is 15 ppm (m/m).1.2 This test method is applicable only to crude oils containing less than or equal to 0.1 % (v/v) water.1.3 This test method has not been tested with crude oil samples that are solid or waxy, or both, at ambient temperatures.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Alternate units, in common usage, are also provided to increase clarity and aid the users of this test method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Methanol in Crude Oils by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

ASTM D7059-04 用多维气相色谱法测定原油中甲醇的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol in crude oils by direct injection multidimensional gas chromatography in the concentration range of 15 to 900 ppm (m/m). The pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ) is 15 ppm (m/m).1.2 This test method is applicable only to crude oils containing less than or equal to 0.1 % (v/v) water.1.3 This test method has not been tested with crude oil samples that are solid or waxy, or both, at ambient temperatures.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Alternate units, in common usage, are also provided to increase clarity and aid the users of this test method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Methanol in Crude Oils by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

ASTM D2892-03 原油蒸馏的标准试验方法(15理论板蒸馏塔)

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum (See Note 1) to a final cut temperature of 400176;C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.Note 18212;Defined as having a Reid vapor pressure less than 82.7 kPa (12 psi).1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquified gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquified petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400176;C.1.4 This test method contains the following annexes and appendixes:1.4.1 Annex A18212;Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Annex A28212;Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Annex A38212;Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Annex A48212;Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Annex A58212;Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Annex A68212;Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Annex A78212;Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Annex A88212;Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET),1.4.9 Appendix X18212;Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Appendix X28212;Practice for Performance Check.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D2892-03a 原油蒸馏的标准试验方法(15理论板蒸馏塔)

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum (see Note 1) to a final cut temperature of 400176;C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.Note 18212;Defined as having a Reid vapor pressure less than 82.7 kPa (12 psi).1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquefied gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquefied petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400176;C.1.4 This test method contains the following annexes and appendixes:1.4.1 Annex A18212;Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Annex A28212;Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Annex A38212;Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Annex A48212;Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Annex A58212;Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Annex A68212;Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Annex A78212;Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Annex A88212;Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET),1.4.9 Appendix X18212;Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Appendix X28212;Practice for Performance Check.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D4310-03 测定抑制矿物油淤渣和腐蚀倾向的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors.Note 18212;During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available.1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D 943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.0 mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime.1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and X1.1.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D6377-03 测定原油蒸气压力的标准试验方法:VPCR_x(膨胀法)

Vapor pressure of crude oil at various V/Ls is an important physical property for shipping and storage. Vapor pressure of crude oil is important to crude oil producers and refiners for general handling and initial refinery treatment. Note 18212;A V/L of 0.02:1 (X = 0.02) mimics closely the situation of an oil tanker. To prevent losses of high volatile compounds, the sample is always maintained at a pressure at least 100 kPa (14.5 psi) higher than the vapor pressure. The vapor pressure determined by this test method at a V/L of 4:1 (VPCR4) of crude oil at 37.8°C can be related to the vapor pressure value determined on the same material when tested by Test Method D 323 (see Appendix X1). Chilling and air saturation of the sample prior to the vapor pressure measurement is not required. This test method allows the determination of VPCR x samples having pour points above 0°C.1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure of crude oils at temperatures between 5 and 80C for vapor-liquid ratios from 4:1 to 0.02:1 (X = 4 to 0.02) and pressures from 7 to 500 kPa (1.0 to 70 psi).1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCR_x (Expansion Method)

ASTM D4007-02(2006) 离心法（实验室方法）测定原油中水和沉积物的标准试验方法

The water and sediment content of crude oil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A determination of water and sediment content is required to measure accurately net volumes of actual oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and custody transfers.1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in crude oils by means of the centrifuge procedure. This centrifuge method for determining water and sediment in crude oils is not entirely satisfactory. The amount of water detected is almost always lower than the actual water content. When a highly accurate value is required, the revised procedures for water by distillation, Test Method D 4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) (), and sediment by extraction, Test Method D 473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1), shall be used. Note 1Test Method D 4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) has been determined to be the preferred and most accurate method for the determination of water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.1.

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

ASTM D4007-02 离心法（实验室方法）测定原油中水和沉积物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in crude oils by means of the centrifuge procedure. This centrifuge method for determining water and sediment in crude oils is not entirely satisfactory. The amount of water detected is almost always lower than the actual water content. When a highly accurate value is required, the revised procedures for water by distillation, Test Method D 4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) (Note 1), and sediment by extraction, Test Method D 473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1), shall be used. Note 18212;Test Method D 4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) has been determined to be the preferred and most accurate method for the determination of water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.1.

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

ASTM D2892-01 原油蒸馏的标准试验方法(15块理论板蒸馏塔)

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum to a final cut temperature of 400176;C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquified gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquified petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400176;C.1.4 This test method contains the following Annexes:1.4.1 Annex A18212;Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Annex A28212;Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Annex A38212;Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Annex A48212;Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Annex A58212;Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Annex A68212;Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Annex A78212;Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Annex A88212;Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), 1.4.9 Appendix X18212;Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Appendix X28212;Practice for Performance Check.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary notes, see Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D5863-00a 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定原油和残余燃料中镍、钒、铁和钠含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented. 1.2 Test Method A, Sections 7-128212;Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe. 1.3 Test Method B, Sections 13-178212;Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. 1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 1. 1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 8.2, 8.5, 10.2, 10.4, and 15.1

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM D4928-00e1 用电量计卡耳费瑟滴定法测定原油中水的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5 mass or volume % in crude oils. Mercaptan (RSH) and sulfide (S- or H2S) as sulfur are known to interfere with this test method, but at levels of less than 500 956;g/g (ppm), the interference from these compounds is insignificant (see Section 5).1.2 This test method can be used to determine water in the 0.005 to 0.02 mass % range, but the effects of the mercaptan and sulfide interference at these levels has not been determined.1.3 This test method is intended for use with standard commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4377-00e1 卡耳.费歇尔电势滴定法测定原油中含水量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 2 % in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S or H2S) sulfur are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 5).1.2 This test method is intended for use with standard Karl Fischer reagent or pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D5863-00a(2011) 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定原油和残余燃料中镍,钒,铁和钠含量的标准试验方法

When fuels are combusted, metals present in the fuels can form low melting compounds that are corrosive to metal parts. Metals present at trace levels in petroleum can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of quantitatively determining the concentrations of vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium. Thus, these test methods can be used to aid in determining the quality and value of the crude oil and residual oil.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented. 1.2 Test Method A, Sections 7–138212;Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe. 1.3 Test Method B, Sections 14–198212;Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. Hence, this test method may underestimate the metal content, especially sodium, present as inorganic sodium salts. 1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 1. 1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 8.2, 8.5, 10.2, 10.4, and 15.1.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM D4377-00(2011) 卡耳.费歇尔电势滴定法测量原油中含水量的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 2 % in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S− or H2S) sulfur are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 5). 1.2 This test method is intended for use with standard Karl Fischer reagent or pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4928-00(2005) 用电量计卡耳费瑟滴定法测定原油中水的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5 mass or volume % in crude oils. Mercaptan (RSH) and sulfide (S- or H2S) as sulfur are known to interfere with this test method, but at levels of less than 500 956;g/g (ppm), the interference from these compounds is insignificant (see Section 5).1.2 This test method can be used to determine water in the 0.005 to 0.02 mass % range, but the effects of the mercaptan and sulfide interference at these levels has not been determined.1.3 This test method is intended for use with standard commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D5863-00a(2005) 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定原油和残余燃料中镍、钒、铁和钠含量的标准试验方法

When fuels are combusted, metals present in the fuels can form low melting compounds that are corrosive to metal parts. Metals present at trace levels in petroleum can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of quantitatively determining the concentrations of vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium. Thus, these test methods can be used to aid in determining the quality and value of the crude oil and residual oil.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented.1.2 Test Method A, Sections -Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe.1.3 Test Method B, Sections -Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. Hence, this test method may underestimate the metal content, especially sodium, present as inorganic sodium salts.1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 0.1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 8.2, 8.5, 10 2, 10.4, and 15.1 .

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry