75.040 (Crude petroleum) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5863-00 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定原油和残余燃料中镍、钒、铁和钠含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented. 1.2 Test Method A, Sections 7-12 -Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe. 1.3 Test Method B, Sections 13-17 -Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. 1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 3. 1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Notes 1, 2, 5 and 6. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM D1018-00(2005) 石油馏分中氢含量的标准试验方法

Knowledge of the hydrogen content of petroleum products, particularly fuels, can be helpful in assessing performance characteristics. This test method is suitable for most laboratory applications requiring the determination of hydrogen in liquid petroleum lubricants and products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrogen in petroleum fractions that can be burned completely without smoking in a wick lamp.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions

ASTM D4377-00(2006) 卡耳.费歇尔电势滴定法测定原油中含水量的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 2 % in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S or H2S) sulfur are known to interfere with this test method (see Section ).1.2 This test method is intended for use with standard Karl Fischer reagent or pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D3230-99 原油中含盐量的标准试验方法(电测法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of salts in crude oil. 1.2 The accepted concentration units are pounds NaCl per 1000 bbl of crude oil. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.3, 6.4, and 6.11.

Standard Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)

ASTM D5002-99(2005) 数字密度分析仪用原油密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize the quality of crude oils. The density or relative density of crude oils is used for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15°C or 60°F and for the conversion of crude mass measurements into volume units. The application of the density result obtained from this test method, for fiscal or custody transfer accounting calculations, can require measurements of the water and sediment contents obtained on similar specimens of the crude oil parcel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of crude oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35C. This test method applies to crude oils with high vapor pressures provided appropriate precautions are taken to prevent vapor loss during transfer of the sample to the density analyzer.1.2 This test method was evaluated in round robin testing using crude oils in the 0.75 to 0.95 g/mL range. Lighter crude oil can require special handling to prevent vapor losses. Heavier crudes can require measurements at higher temperatures to eliminate air bubbles in the sample.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The accepted units of measurement of density are grams per millilitre and kilograms per cubic metre.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer

ASTM D6377-99 测定原油蒸气压力的标准试验方法:VPCRx(膨胀方法)

1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure of crude oils at temperatures between 5 and 80 176C for vapor-liquid ratios from 4:1 to 0.02:1 (X= 4 to 0.02) and pressures from 7 to 500 kPa (1.0 to 70 psi). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Note 5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCR_x (Expansion Method)

ASTM D5002-99 数字密度分析仪用原油密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of crude oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35176C. This test method applies to crude oils with high vapor pressures provided appropriate precautions are taken to prevent vapor loss during transfer of the sample to the density analyzer. 1.2 This test method was evaluated in round robin testing using crude oils in the 0.75 to 0.95 g/mL range. Lighter crude oil can require special handling to prevent vapor losses. Heavier crudes can require measurements at higher temperatures to eliminate air bubbles in the sample. 1.3 The accepted units of measurement of density are grams per millilitre and kilograms per cubic metre. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Notes 1, 2, and 3.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer

ASTM D3230-99(2004) 原油中含盐量的标准试验方法(电测法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate chloride (salts) concentration in crude oil. The range of concentration covered is 0 to 500 mg/kg or 0 to 150 lb/1000 bbl as chloride concentration/volume of crude oil.1.2 This test method measures conductivity in the crude oil due to the presence of common chlorides, such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Other conductive materials may also be present in the crude oil.1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. Acceptable concentration units are g/m3 or PTB (lb/1000 bbl).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.11.

Standard Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)

ASTM D4929-99e1 测定原油中有机氯化物含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of organic chloride (above 1 g/g organically-bound chlorine) in crude oils, using either distillation and sodium biphenyl reduction or distillation and microcoulometry.1.2 These test methods involve the distillation of crude oil test specimens to obtain a naphtha fraction prior to chloride determination. The chloride content of the naphtha fraction of the whole crude oil can thereby be obtained. See Section regarding potential interferences.1.3 Test Method A covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by sodium biphenyl reduction followed by potentiometric titration.1.4 Test Method B covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by oxidative combustion followed by microcoulometric titration.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 Values expressed in acceptable SI units are to regarded as the standard. The preferred concentration units are micrograms of chloride per gram of sample.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil

ASTM D2892-99a 原油蒸馏的标准试验方法(15块理论板蒸馏塔)

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum to a final cut temperature of 400176;C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquified gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquified petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400176;C.1.4 This test method contains the following Annexes:1.4.1 Annex A18212;Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Annex A28212;Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Annex A38212;Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Annex A48212;Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Annex A58212;Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Annex A68212;Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Annex A78212;Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Annex A88212;Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), 1.4.9 Appendix X18212;Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Appendix X28212;Practice for Performance Check.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary notes, see Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D4310-98 测定矿物油淤渣倾向的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 1-During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available. 1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.0 mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime . 1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.10, and X1.15.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D4489-95(2011) 漂浮油抽样的标准操作规程

Identification of the source of a spilled oil is established by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the spill, that is, potential sources. Generally, the suspected source oils are from pipelines, tanks, etc., and therefore pose little problems in sampling compared to the spilled oil. This practice addresses the sampling of spilled oils in particular, but could be applied to appropriate source situations, for example, a ship's bilge.1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D3415), oil found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for comparison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and for elemental analyses. 1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves “grab sampling” macro oil samples. Practice B can be used to sample most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the spilled oil. These two practices are:

Standard Practices for Sampling of Waterborne Oils

ASTM D5853-95(2000)e1 原油倾点标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the determination of the pour point temperatures of crude oils down to -36oC. One method provides a measure of the maximum (upper) pour point temperature (Procedure A) and is described in 9.1; the other method provides a measure of the minimum (lower) pour point temperature (Procedure B) and is described in 9.2. 1.2 The use of this test method is limited to use for crude oils. Pour point temperatures of other petroleum products can be determined by Test Method D97. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils

ASTM D4489-95(2001) 漂浮油抽样的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D 3415), oil found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for comparison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and for elemental analyses.1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves" grab sampling" macro oil samples. Practice B can be used to sample most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the spilled oil. These two practices are: SectionsPractice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil) 9 to 13Practice B (for TFE-fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) 14 to 17 1.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by prolonged contact with water between the time of collection and analysis.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.

Standard Practices for Sampling of Waterborne Oils

ASTM D4489-95(2006) 漂浮油抽样的标准实施规程

Identification of the source of a spilled oil is established by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the spill, that is, potential sources. Generally, the suspected source oils are from pipelines, tanks, etc., and therefore pose little problems in sampling compared to the spilled oil. This practice addresses the sampling of spilled oils in particular, but could be applied to appropriate source situations, for example, a shiprsquo;bilge.1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D 3415), oil found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for comparison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and for elemental analyses.1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves "grab sampling" macro oil samples. Practice B can be used to sample most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the spilled oil. These two practices are: SectionsPractice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil) to Practice B (for TFE-fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) to1.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by prolonged contact with water between the time of collection and analysis.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.

Standard Practices for Sampling of Waterborne Oils

ASTM D3827-92(2007) 估计石油和其他有机溶剂中气体溶解度的标准试验方法

Knowledge of gas solubility is of extreme importance in the lubrication of gas compressors. It is believed to be a substantial factor in boundary lubrication, where the sudden release of dissolved gas may cause cavitation erosion, or even collapse of the fluid film. In hydraulic and seal oils, gas dissolved at high pressure can cause excessive foaming on release of the pressure. In aviation oils and fuels, the difference in pressure between take-off and cruise altitude can cause foaming in storage vessels and interrupt flow to pumps.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the equilibrium solubility of several common gases in petroleum and synthetic lubricants, fuels, and solvents, at temperatures between 0 and 488 K.1.2 This test method is limited to systems in which polarity and hydrogen bonding are not strong enough to cause serious deviations from regularity. Specifically excluded are such gases as HCl, NH3, and SO2, and hydroxy liquids such as alcohols, glycols, and water. Estimating the solubility of CO2 in nonhydrocarbons is also specifically excluded.1.3 Highly aromatic oils such as diphenoxy phenylene ethers violate the stated accuracy above 363 K, at which point the estimate for nitrogen solubility is 43 % higher than the observation.1.4 Lubricants are given preference in this test method to the extent that certain empirical factors were adjusted to the lubricant data. Estimates for distillate fuels are made from the lubricant estimates by a further set of empirical factors, and are less accurate. Estimates for halogenated solvents are made as if they were hydrocarbons, and are the least accurate of the three.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum and Other Organic Liquids

ASTM D3827-92(2002) 估计石油和其他有机溶剂中气体溶解度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the equilibrium solubility of several common gases in petroleum and synthetic lubricants, fuels, and solvents, at temperatures between 0 and 488 K. 1.2 This test method is limited to systems in which polarity and hydrogen bonding are not strong enough to cause serious deviations from regularity. Specifically excluded are such gases as HCl, NH3, and SO2, and hydroxy liquids such as alcohols, glycols, and water. Estimating the solubility of CO2 in nonhydrocarbons is also specifically excluded. 1.3 Highly aromatic oils such as diphenoxy phenylene ethers violate the stated accuracy above 363 K, at which point the estimate for nitrogen solubility is 43% higher than the observation. 1.4 Lubricants are given preference in this test method to the extent that certain empirical factors were adjusted to the lubricant data. Estimates for distillate fuels are made from the lubricant estimates by a further set of empirical factors, and are less accurate. Estimates for halogenated solvents are made as if they were hydrocarbons, and are the least accurate of the three. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum and Other Organic Liquids

ASTM D4807-88(1999) 薄膜过滤法测定原油中沉积物的试验方法(05.03)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils by membrane filtration. This test method has been validated for crude oils with sediments up to about 0.15 mass %. 1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 The accepted unit of measure for this test method is mass %.

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration

ASTM D4006-81(2000)e1 通过蒸馏测试原油中含水的方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in crude oil by distillation. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.1 and 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation

ASTM D4006-81(2005) 通过蒸馏测试原油中含水的方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in crude oil by distillation.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and A1.1.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation