77.140.85 钢铁锻件 标准查询与下载

ASTM A105/A105M-23 管道用碳素钢锻件标准规范

1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambientand higher-temperature service in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included within the scope of this specification. Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular products (see 5.2), it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. 1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel bars. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.” 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

ASTM A288-18(2023) 涡轮发电机用磁性挡圈用碳素钢和合金钢锻件标准规范

1.1 This specification covers quenched and tempered carbon and alloy steel forgings for magnetic retaining rings for turbine generators. 1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators

ASTM A456/A456M-08(2023) 大型曲轴锻件的磁粉检验标准规范

1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the magnetic particle inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing journals or crankpins 4 in. [200 mm] or larger in diameter. 1.2 There are three classes, with acceptance standards of increasing severity: 1.2.1 Class 1. 1.2.2 Class 2 (originally the sole acceptance standard of this specification). 1.2.3 Class 3 (formerly covered in Supplementary Requirement S1 of Specification A456 – 64 (1970)). 1.3 This specification is not intended to cover continuous grain flow crankshafts (see Specification A983/A983M); however, Specification A986/A986M may be used for this purpose. NOTE 1—Specification A668/A668M is a product specification which may be used for slab-forged crankshaft forgings that are usually twisted in order to set the crankpin angles, or for barrel forged crankshafts where the crankpins are machined in the appropriate configuration from a cylindrical forging. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch units. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Large Crankshaft Forgings

ASTM A473-23 不锈钢锻件标准规范

1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, and for lowor high-temperature service. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/ A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings

T/ZZB 2811-2022 工业汽轮机用30CrMoNiV转子体锻件

本文件规定了工业汽轮机用30CrMoNiV转子体锻件的基本要求、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存、质量承诺。 本文件适用于工业汽轮机用30CrMoNiV转子体锻件（以下简称锻件）。

30CrMoNiV rotor forging for industrial steam turbines

T/ZJCX 0027-2022 20MnMo球阀锻件

本文件规定了20MnMo球阀锻件的术语和定义、制造工艺、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标识、包装、运输及贮存。 本文件适用于20MnMo球阀阀体、阀盖、球体、阀座、阀杆以及其他配件的锻件。

20MnMo Ball valve forgings

ASTM A788/A788M-22a 钢锻件的标准规范 一般要求

1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, shall apply to steel forgings under any of the following specifications issued by ASTM: ASTM Designation Title A266/A266M Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A288 Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators A289/A289M Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators A290/A290M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears A291/A291M Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears, and Shafts for Reduction Gears A336/A336M Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and HighTemperature Parts A372/A372M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for ThinWalled Pressure Vessels A469/A469M Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors A470/A470M Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts A471/A471M Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels A473 Stainless Steel Forgings A504/A504M Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels A508/A508M Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels A541/A541M Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A579/A579M Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings A592/A592M High-Strength Quenched and Tempered LowAlloy Steel Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels A646/A646M Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings A649/A649M Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery A668/A668M Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use A705/A705M Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings A711/A711M Steel Forging Stock A723/A723M Alloy Steel Forgings for High-Strength Pressure Component Application A729/A729M Carbon and Alloy Steel Axles, Heat Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service A765/A765M Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel PressureVessel-Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness Requirements A837/A837M Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Carburizing Applications A859/A859M Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A891/A891M Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels A909/A909M Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use A965/A965M Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts A982/A982M Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils A983/A983M Continuous Grain Flow Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Crankshafts for Medium Speed Diesel Engines A986/A986M Magnetic Particle Examination of Continuous Grain Flow Crankshaft Forgings A1021/A1021M Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service A1049/A1049M Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components A1090/A1090M Forged Rings and Hollows for Use as Base Plates in Power Transmission Structures 1.2 In case of conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual product specifications shall prevail over those of this specification. 1.3 The purchaser may specify additional requirements (see 4.2.3) that do not negate any of the provisions of either this specification or of the individual product specifications. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order. 1.4 If, by agreement, forgings are to be supplied in a partially completed condition, that is, all of the provisions of the product specification have not been filled, then the material marking (see Section 17) and certification (see Section 16) 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as A788/A788M–22. DOI: 10.1520/A0788_A0788M-22A. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA–788 in Section II of that code. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 Copyright ASTM International Provided by S&P Global under license with ASTM Not for Resale, 09/19/2022 23:55:09 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from S&P Global --`,,``,,`,,``,,````,`,`,,`,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--shall reflect the extent to which the product specification requirements have been met. 1.5 As noted in the Certification Section (16), the number and year date of this specification, as well as that of the product specification, are required to be included in the product certification. 1.6 When the SI version of a product specification is required by the purchase order, Specification A788/A788M shall be used in conjunction with Test Methods A1058 instead of Test Methods and Definitions A370. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

ASTM A694/A694M-16(2022) 高压传输设备用管法兰, 配件, 阀门及零件用碳素钢及合金钢锻件的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use with high-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges, fittings, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standards referenced in Section 2. 1.2 Several grades of material, based on minimum yield strength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1. 1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplementary Requirement S1 is provided for use when purchaser approval is required for repair welding. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service

ASTM E381-22 钢筋、钢坯、初轧坯和锻件宏观浸蚀试验的标准方法

1.1 Macroetching, which is the etching of specimens for macrostructural examination at low magnifications, is a frequently used technique for evaluating steel products such as bars, billets, blooms, and forgings. 1.2 Included in this method is a procedure for rating steel specimens by a graded series of photographs showing the incidence of certain conditions. The method is limited in application to bars, billets, blooms, and forgings of carbon and low alloy steels. 1.3 A number of different etching reagents may be used depending upon the type of examination to be made. Steels react differently to etching reagents because of variations in chemical composition, method of manufacture, heat treatment and many other variables. Establishment of general standards for acceptance or rejection for all conditions is impractical as some conditions must be considered relative to the part in which it occurs. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See the specific precautionary statement in 5.3. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings

ASTM A668/A668M-22 一般工业用碳素钢和合金钢锻件的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers untreated and heat-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for general industrial use. Other ASTM specifications for forgings are available for specific applications such as pressure vessels, railroad use, turbine generators, gearing, and others involving special temperature requirements. 1.2 Hot-rolled or cold finished bars are not within the scope of this specification. 1.3 Six classes of carbon steel and seven classes of alloy steel forgings are listed (see Section 7), which indicates their required heat treatments, as well as mechanical properties. 1.4 Provision, with the suffix H for certification and marking, for the supply of forgings after hardness testing only. 1.5 Supplementary requirements, including those in Specification A788/A788M, of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. 1.6 Appendix X1 lists the current classes corresponding to the various classes of Specifications A235, A237, and A243, which have been superseded by this specification. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification, the forgings shall be furnished to the inch-pound units. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use

ASTM A181/A181M-22 通用管道用碳钢锻件标准规范

1.1 This specification2 covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M. 1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accordance with their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1. 1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping

ASTM A702-22 热锻钢栅栏柱标准规范

1.1 This specification covers steel fence posts manufactured from hot-wrought sections and intended for use in field and line fencing. 1.2 The posts are available as studded tee and are furnished painted or galvanized, unless otherwise specified. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Steel Fence Posts, Hot Wrought

ASTM A705/A705M-22 时效硬化不锈钢锻件标准规范

1.1 This specification2 covers age-hardening stainless steel forgings for general use. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.3 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. NOTE 1—Bar products are covered by Specification A564/A564M. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings

ASTM A469/A469M-07(2022) 发电机转子用真空处理钢锻件的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers vacuum-treated basic electric steel forgings for generator rotors. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided, both in this standard and in Specification A788/A788M, for use when additional testing, inspection or processing is required by the purchaser. 1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inchpound units. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors

ASTM A788/A788M-22 钢锻件的标准规范 一般要求

1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, shall apply to steel forgings under any of the following specifications issued by ASTM: ASTM Designation Title A266/A266M Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A288 Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators A289/A289M Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators A290/A290M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears A291/A291M Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears, and Shafts for Reduction Gears A336/A336M Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and HighTemperature Parts A372/A372M Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for ThinWalled Pressure Vessels A469/A469M Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors A470/A470M Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts A471/A471M Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels A473 Stainless Steel Forgings A504/A504M Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels A508/A508M Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels A541/A541M Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A579/A579M Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings A592/A592M High-Strength Quenched and Tempered LowAlloy Steel Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels A646/A646M Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings A649/A649M Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery A668/A668M Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use A711/A711M Steel Forging Stock A723/A723M Alloy Steel Forgings for High-Strength Pressure Component Application A729/A729M Carbon and Alloy Steel Axles, Heat Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service A765/A765M Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel PressureVessel-Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness Requirements A837/A837M Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Carburizing Applications A859/A859M Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components A891/A891M Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels A909/A909M Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use A965/A965M Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts A982/A982M Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils A983/A983M Continuous Grain Flow Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Crankshafts for Medium Speed Diesel Engines A986/A986M Magnetic Particle Examination of Continuous Grain Flow Crankshaft Forgings A1021/A1021M Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service A1049/A1049M Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components A1090/A1090M Forged Rings and Hollows for Use as Base Plates in Power Transmission Structures 1.2 In case of conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual product specifications shall prevail over those of this specification. 1.3 The purchaser may specify additional requirements (see 4.2.3) that do not negate any of the provisions of either this specification or of the individual product specifications. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order. 1.4 If, by agreement, forgings are to be supplied in a partially completed condition, that is, all of the provisions of the product specification have not been filled, then the material marking (see Section 17) and certification (see Section 16) 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published March 2022. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A788/A788M–19a. DOI: 10.1520/A0788_A0788M-22. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA–788 in Section II of that code. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 shall reflect the extent to which the product specification requirements have been met. 1.5 As noted in the Certification Section (16), the number and year date of this specification, as well as that of the product specification, are required to be included in the product certification. 1.6 When the SI version of a product specification is required by the purchase order, Specification A788/A788M shall be used in conjunction with Test Methods A1058 instead of Test Methods and Definitions A370. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

ASTM A472/A472M-07(2022) 汽轮机轴和转子锻件的热稳定性标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the determination of heat stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. This specification is not ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings. 1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the specification, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Heat Stability of Steam Turbine Shafts and Rotor Forgings

ASTM A837/A837M-17(2022) 渗碳用合金钢锻件标准规范

1.1 This specification covers alloy steel forgings for carburizing applications. 1.2 Forgings are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance and it is presupposed that welding procedure and inspection shall be in accordance with approved methods for the class of material used. 1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Carburizing Applications

ASTM A711/A711M-17(2022) 钢锻坯的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers cast carbon and alloy steel ingots and strand castings, semi-wrought ingots and strand castings and rolled or forged blooms, billets, and slabs for forging. 1.2 Blooms, billets, and slabs are semi-finished steel products, hot rolled or forged to approximate cross-sectional dimensions. Blooms and billets may be square, round, octagonal, or rectangular in section; slabs are rectangular. Although no invariable rule prevails between the terms blooms and billets, and they are frequently used interchangeably, the following size distinctions are in general use. 1.2.1 Blooms—Cross-sectional area greater than 36 in.2 [230 cm2 ]. 1.2.2 Billets—Maximum cross-sectional area 36 in.2 [230 cm2 ]. 1.2.3 Slabs—Minimum thickness, 11⁄2 in. [4 cm]; width, more than twice the thickness; and generally a cross-sectional area of not less than 16 in.2 [100 cm2 ]. 1.2.4 Ingots either top or bottom poured or secondary remelted are covered. 1.2.5 Strand castings with or without additional reduction are covered. 1.3 Supplementary Requirements (S1 to S19) of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.5 Unless the order specifies the “M” specification, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock

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本文件规定了轨道交通自动门系统用行星齿轮减速器的标记与组成，要求，试验方法，检验规则，标志、包装、运输、贮存。 本文件适用于轨道交通自动门系统用行星齿轮减速器。

Planetary gear reducer for rail transit automatic door system

JB/T 14180-2021 钢质汽车转向节锻件 工艺规范

Process specifications for steel automotive steering knuckle forgings