81.040.10 (Raw materials and raw glass) 标准查询与下载

ASTM F2980-13 用现场便携式X射线荧光 (XRF) 分析玻璃种重金属的标准试验方法

5.1 Waste glass is currently recycled into various consumer products. This test method has been developed as a tool for evaluation of heavy metals in glass to satisfy reporting requirements for maximum allowable content for some applications. 5.2 The ranges within which this test method is quantitative are given in Table 1. 5.3 For amounts of the analyte elements outside the ranges in Table 1, this test method provides screening results. That is, it provides an unambiguous indication that each element can be described as present in an amount greater than the scope upper limit or that the amount of the element can be described as less than the scope lower limit with a high degree of confidence.Note 2—In general, when a quantitative result is obtained, the analyst can make a clear decision as to whether a material is suitable for the intended purpose. When the contents of elements of interest are outside the quantitative range, the analyst can still make a decision whether the amount is too high or whether additional analyses are required. 5.4 These methods can be applied to glass beads, plate glass, float glass, fiber glass, or ground glass. This test method has been validated for the ranges of matrix compositions that are summarized in Table 2.TABLE 2 Matrix Components and Ranges Oxide Scope Lower Limit, % Scope Upper Limit, % SiO2 58 80 Al2O3 1 10 Na2O 3

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Heavy Metals in Glass by Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

ASTM E2926-13 采用微束X射线荧光(微束XRF)光谱法对玻璃进行鉴识对比的标准试验方法

4.1 µ-XRF provides a means of simultaneously detecting major, minor, and trace elemental constituents in small glass fragments such as those frequently examined in forensic case work. It can be used at any point in the analytical scheme without concern for changing sample shape or sample properties, such as RI, due to its totally nondestructive nature. 4.2 Limits of detection (LOD) are dependent on several factors, including instrument configuration and operating parameters, sample thickness, and atomic number of the individual elements. Typical LODs range from parts per million (µgg-1) to percent (%). 4.3 µ-XRF provides simultaneous qualitative analysis for elements having an atomic number of eleven or greater. This multi-element capability permits detection of elements typically present in glass such as magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), strontium (Sr), and zirconium (Zr), as well as other elements that may be detectable in some glass by µ-XRF (for example, molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), or erbium (Er)) without the need for a predetermined elemental menu. 4.4 µ-XRF comparison of glass fragments provides additional discrimination power beyond that of RI or density comparisons, or both, alone. 4.5 The method precision should be established in each laboratory for the specific conditions and instrumentation in that laboratory. 4.6 When using small fragments having varying surface geometries and thicknesses, precision deteriorates due to take-off-angle and critical depth effects. Flat fragments with thickness greater than 1.5 mm do not suffer from these constraints, but are not always available as questioned specimens received in casework. As a consequence of the deterioration in precision for small fragments and the lack of appropriate calibration standards, quantitative analysis by µ-XRF is not typically used. 4.7 Appropriate sampling techniques should be used to account for natural heterogeneity of the material, varying surface geometries, and potential critical depth effects. 4.8 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) may also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass and offer lower minimum detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and much longer sample preparation times (Test Method E2330). 4.9 Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) uses comparable specimen sizes to those used for µ-XRF but offers better LODs, quantitative capability and less analysis time. LA-ICP-MS drawbacks are greater instrument cost and complexity of operation. 4.10 Scanning Electron Microscopy with EDS (SEM-EDS) is also available for elemental analysis, but it is of limited use for forensic glass source discrimination due to poor detection limits for higher atomic number elements present in glass at trace concentration levels. However, discrimination of sources that have indistinguishable RIs and densities may be possible. 1.1 This test method is for the determination of major, minor, and trace elements present in glass fragments. The elemental composition of a......

Standard Test Method for Forensic Comparison of Glass Using Micro X-ray Fluorescence lpar;micro;-XRFrpar; Spectrometry

ASTM E1640-13 采用动态力学分析的玻璃转变温度分配的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method can be used to locate the glass transition region and assign a glass transition temperature of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials. 5.2 Dynamic mechanical analyzers monitor changes in the viscoelastic properties of a material as a function of temperature and frequency, providing a means to quantify these changes. In ideal cases, the temperature of the onset of the decrease in storage modulus marks the glass transition. 5.3 A glass transition temperature (Tg) is useful in characterizing many important physical attributes of thermoplastic, thermosets, and semi-crystalline materials including their thermal history, processing conditions, physical stability, progress of chemical reactions, degree of cure, and both mechanical and electrical behavior. Tg may be determined by a variety of techniques and may vary in accordance with the technique. 5.4 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research. 1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic mechanical analyzers. 1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region. 1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about8201;−150°C. 1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temperature of the loss modulus peak as the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

ASTM C729-11 沉浮精密度测量器玻璃密度测定的标准试验方法

The sink-float comparator method of test for glass density provides the most accurate (yet convenient for practical applications) method of evaluating the density of small pieces or specimens of glass. The data obtained are useful for daily quality control of production, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and for special purposes in research and development. Although this test scope is limited to a density range from 1.1 to 3.3 g/cm3, it may be extended (in principle) to higher densities by the use of other miscible liquids (Test Method ) such as water and thallium malonate-formate (approximately 5.0 g/cm3). The stability of the liquid and the precision of the test may be reduced somewhat, however, at higher densities.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of glass or nonporous solids of density from 1.1 to 3.3 g/cm 3. It can be used to determine the apparent density of ceramics or solids, preferably of known porosity. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float Comparator

ASTM E1640-09 用动态力学分析测定玻璃转变温度的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to locate the glass transition region and assign a glass transition temperature of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials. Dynamic mechanical analyzers monitor changes in the viscoelastic properties of a material as a function of temperature and frequency, providing a means to quantify these changes. In ideal cases, the temperature of the onset of the decrease in storage modulus marks the glass transition. A glass transition temperature ( Tg ) is useful in characterizing many important physical attributes of thermoplastic, thermosets, and semi-crystalline materials including their thermal history, processing conditions, physical stability, progress of chemical reactions, degree of cure, and both mechanical and electrical behavior. T g may be determined by a variety of techniques and may vary in accordance with the technique. This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic mechanical analyzers. 1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region. 1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about −150 °C. 1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temperature of the loss modulus peak as the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

ASTM C729-05 用浮沉比较仪测定玻璃密度的试验方法

The sink-float comparator method of test for glass density provides the most accurate (yet convenient for practical applications) method of evaluating the density of small pieces or specimens of glass. The data obtained are useful for daily quality control of production, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and for special purposes in research and development. Although this test scope is limited to a density range from 1.1 to 3.3 g/cm3, it may be extended (in principle) to higher densities by the use of other miscible liquids (Test Method F 77) such as water and thallium malonate-formate (approximately 5.0 g/cm3). The stability of the liquid and the precision of the test may be reduced somewhat, however, at higher densities.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of glass or nonporous solids of density from 1.1 to 3.3 g/cm. It can be used to determine the apparent density of ceramics or solids, preferably of known porosity. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float Comparator

ASTM C978-04(2014) 采用偏光显微镜和光学延迟补偿程序在透明玻璃基质中测定光弹性残余应力的标准试验方法

5.1 The quality and performance of an article of glassware may be affected not only by the presence of residual stresses due to heat treatment above the strain point in the ware, but also by additional residual stresses caused by differences in thermal expansion between the glass substrate, and either cord, fired-on vitreous enamel, or ACL decoration. 5.2 The effects of those additional residual cord, enamel, or ACL stresses and the resulting performance of such items may be evaluated by performance test procedures. Such evaluations of enamel or ACL stresses may also be accomplished through the determination of appropriate physical properties of the decoration and matrix glass, or by analytical methods. 5.3 This test method offers a direct and convenient means of determining the magnitudes and spatial distributions of residual stress systems in glass substrates. The test method is simple, convenient, and quantitatively accurate. 5.4 This test method is useful in evaluating the degree of compatibility between the coefficient of thermal expansion of an enamel or ACL applied to a glass substrate. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual stresses in a transparent glass matrix by means of a polarizing microscope using null or retardation compensation procedures. 1.2 Such residual stress determinations are of importance in evaluating the nature and degree of residual stresses present in glass matrixes due to cord, or the degree of fit, or suitability of a particular combination of glass matrix and enamel, or applied color label (ACL). 1.3 The retardation compensation method of optically determining and evaluating enamel or ACL residual stress systems offers distinct advantages over methods requiring physical property measurements or ware performance tests due to its simplicity, reproducibility, and precision. 1.4 Limitations—This test method is based on the stress-optical retardation compensation principle, and is therefore applicable only to transparent glass substrates, and not to opaque glass systems. 1.5 Due to the possibility of additional residual stresses produced by ion exchange between glasses of different compositions, some uncertainty may be introduced in the value of the stress optical coefficient in the point of interest due to a lack of accurate knowledge of chemical composition in the areas of interest. 1.6 This test method is quantitatively applicable to and valid only for those applications where such significant ion exchange is not a factor, and stress optical coefficients are known or determinable. 1.7 The extent of the ion exchange process, and hence the magnitudes of the residual stresses produced due to ion exchange will depend on the exchange process parameters. The residual stress determinations made on systems in which ion exchange has occurred should be interpreted with those dependencies in mind. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to est......

Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures

ASTM C978-04(2009) 用偏光显微镜和光学延迟补偿方法在透明玻璃基质中测定光弹性残余应力的标准试验方法

The quality and performance of an article of glassware may be affected not only by the presence of residual stresses due to heat treatment above the strain point in the ware, but also by additional residual stresses caused by differences in thermal expansion between the glass substrate, and either cord, fired-on vitreous enamel, or ACL decoration. The effects of those additional residual cord, enamel, or ACL stresses and the resulting performance of such items may be evaluated by performance test procedures. Such evaluations of enamel or ACL stresses may also be accomplished through the determination of appropriate physical properties of the decoration and matrix glass, or by analytical methods. This test method offers a direct and convenient means of determining the magnitudes and spatial distributions of residual stress systems in glass substrates. The test method is simple, convenient, and quantitatively accurate. This test method is useful in evaluating the degree of compatibility between the coefficient of thermal expansion of an enamel or ACL applied to a glass substrate.1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual stresses in a transparent glass matrix by means of a polarizing microscope using null or retardation compensation procedures. 1.2 Such residual stress determinations are of importance in evaluating the nature and degree of residual stresses present in glass matrixes due to cord, or the degree of fit, or suitability of a particular combination of glass matrix and enamel, or applied color label (ACL). 1.3 The retardation compensation method of optically determining and evaluating enamel or ACL residual stress systems offers distinct advantages over methods requiring physical property measurements or ware performance tests due to its simplicity, reproducibility, and precision. 1.4 Limitations8212;This test method is based on the stress-optical retardation compensation principle, and is therefore applicable only to transparent glass substrates, and not to opaque glass systems. 1.5 Due to the possibility of additional residual stresses produced by ion exchange between glasses of different compositions, some uncertainty may be introduced in the value of the stress optical coefficient in the point of interest due to a lack of accurate knowledge of chemical composition in the areas of interest. 1.6 This test method is quantitatively applicable to and valid only for those applications where such significant ion exchange is not a factor, and stress optical coefficients are known or determinable. 1.7 The extent of the ion exchange process, and hence the magnitudes of the residual stresses produced due to ion exchange will depend on the exchange process parameters. The residual stress determinations made on systems in which ion exchange has occurred should be interpreted with those dependencies in mind. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures

ASTM C978-04 用偏光显微镜和光学延迟补偿方法在透明玻璃基质中测定光弹性残余应力的标准试验方法

The quality and performance of an article of glassware may be affected not only by the presence of residual stresses due to heat treatment above the strain point in the ware, but also by additional residual stresses caused by differences in thermal expansion between the glass substrate, and either cord, fired-on vitreous enamel, or ACL decoration. The effects of those additional residual cord, enamel, or ACL stresses and the resulting performance of such items may be evaluated by performance test procedures. Such evaluations of enamel or ACL stresses may also be accomplished through the determination of appropriate physical properties of the decoration and matrix glass, or by analytical methods. This test method offers a direct and convenient means of determining the magnitudes and spatial distributions of residual stress systems in glass substrates. The test method is simple, convenient, and quantitatively accurate. This test method is useful in evaluating the degree of compatibility between the coefficient of thermal expansion of an enamel or ACL applied to a glass substrate.1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual stresses in a transparent glass matrix by means of a polarizing microscope using null or retardation compensation procedures.1.2 Such residual stress determinations are of importance in evaluating the nature and degree of residual stresses present in glass matrixes due to cord, or the degree of fit, or suitability of a particular combination of glass matrix and enamel, or applied color label (ACL).1.3 The retardation compensation method of optically determining and evaluating enamel or ACL residual stress systems offers distinct advantages over methods requiring physical property measurements or ware performance tests due to its simplicity, reproducibility, and precision.1.4 Limitations8212;This test method is based on the stress-optical retardation compensation principle, and is therefore applicable only to transparent glass substrates, and not to opaque glass systems.1.5 Due to the possibility of additional residual stresses produced by ion exchange between glasses of different compositions, some uncertainty may be introduced in the value of the stress optical coefficient in the point of interest due to a lack of accurate knowledge of chemical composition in the areas of interest.1.6 This test method is quantitatively applicable to and valid only for those applications where such significant ion exchange is not a factor, and stress optical coefficients are known or determinable.1.7 The extent of the ion exchange process, and hence the magnitudes of the residual stresses produced due to ion exchange will depend on the exchange process parameters. The residual stress determinations made on systems in which ion exchange has occurred should be interpreted with those dependencies in mind.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures

ASTM E1640-04 用动态力学分析测定玻璃转变温度的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to locate the glass transition region and assign a glass transition temperature of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials. Dynamic mechanical analyzers monitor changes in the viscoelastic properties of a material as a function of temperature and frequency, providing a means to quantify these changes. In ideal cases, the temperature of the onset of the decrease in storage modulus marks the glass transition. A glass transition temperature ( Tg ) is useful in characterizing many important physical attributes of thermoplastic, thermosets (see SRM 18R-94), and semi-crystalline materials including their thermal history, processing conditions, physical stability, progress of chemical reactions, degree of cure, and both mechanical and electrical behavior. T g may be determined by a variety of techniques and may vary in accordance with the technique. This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic mechanical analyzers.1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region.1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about -150176;C.1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.1.5 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis and data reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test method may also be used.Note 18212;The user bears the responsibility for determining the precision, accuracy, and validity of the techniques and measurements made using dynamic mechanical analyzers in accordance with this standard.1.6 SI units are the standard.1.7 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temprature of the mechanical loss peak as the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the loss modulus change.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

ASTM C158-02(2012) 玻璃挠曲强度标准试验方法(断裂模量测定)

4. Significance and UseTop Bottom 4.1 For the purpose of this test, glasses and glass-ceramics are considered brittle (perfectly elastic) and to have the property that fracture normally occurs at the surface of the test specimen from the principal tensile stress. The modulus of rupture is considered a valid measure of the tensile strength subject to the considerations discussed below. 4.2 It is recognized that the modulus of rupture for a group of test specimens is influenced by variables associated with the test procedure. These include the rate of stressing, test environment, and the area of the specimen subjected to stress. Such factors are specified in the test procedure or required to be stated in the report. 4.3 It is also recognized that the variables having the greatest effect on the modulus of rupture value for a group of test specimens are the condition of the surfaces and glass quality near the surfaces in regard to the number and severity of stress-concentrating discontinuities or flaws, and the degree of prestress existing in the specimens. Each of these can represent an inherent part of the strength characteristic being determined or can be a random interfering factor in the measurement. 4.4 Test Method A is designed to include the condition of the surface of the specimen as a factor in the measured strength. It is, therefore, desirable to subject a fixed and significant area of the surface to the maximum tensile stress. Since the number and severity of surface flaws in glass are primarily determined by manufacturing and handling processes, this test method is limited to products from which specimens of suitable size can be obtained with minimal dependence of measured strength upon specimen preparation techniques. This test method is therefore designated as a test for modulus of rupture of flat glass. 4.5 Test Method B describes a general procedure for test, applicable to specimens of rectangular or elliptical cross section. This test method is based on the assumption that a comparative measurement of strength on groups of specimens is of significance for many purposes, such as determining the effect of environment or stress duration, or the effectiveness of varied prestressing techniques or strengths characteristic of glass-ceramics of differing composition or heat treatment. In this test method the surfaces of the specimens are not assumed to be characteristic of a product or material, but are considered to be determined by the procedures used to prepare the specimens. Though the stated procedure permits a wide variation in both specimen size and test geometry, it is necessary to use identical test conditions and equivalent procedures for specimen preparation to obtain comparable strength values. The use of a controlled abrasion of the specimen as a final normalizing procedure is recommended for such comparative tests. 4.6 A comparative abraded strength, determined as suggested in Test Method B, is not to be considered as a minimum value characteristic of the material tested nor as directly related to a maximum attainable strength value through test of specimens with identical flaws. The operationally defined abrasion procedure un..........

Standard Test Methods for Strength of Glass by Flexure (Determination of Modulus of Rupture)

ASTM C158-02(2007) 玻璃的挠曲标准试验方法(测定玻璃挠折模量)

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the modulus of rupture in bending of glass and glass-ceramics.1.2 These test methods are applicable to annealed and prestressed glasses and glass-ceramics available in varied forms. Alternative test methods are described; the test method used shall be determined by the purpose of the test and geometric characteristics of specimens representative of the material.1.2.1 Test Method A is a test for modulus of rupture of flat glass.1.2.2 Test Method B is a comparative test for modulus of rupture of glass and glass-ceramics.1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:Sections Test Method A6 to 9 Test Method B10 to 51.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 10 and A1.5, A2.3.3, A2.4.3 and A2.5.3.

Standard Test Methods for Strength of Glass by Flexure (Determination of Modulus of Rupture)

ASTM C978-02 用偏光显微镜和光学延迟补偿程序在透明玻璃容器中测定光弹性残余应力的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual stresses in a transparent glass matrix by means of a polarizing microscope using null or retardation compensation procedures.1.2 Such residual stress determinations are of importance in evaluating the nature and degree of residual stresses present in glass matrixes due to cord, or the degree of fit, or suitability of a particular combination of glass matrix and enamel, or applied color label (ACL).1.3 The retardation compensation method of optically determining and evaluating enamel or ACL residual stress systems offers distinct advantages over methods requiring physical property measurements or ware performance tests due to its simplicity, reproducibility, and precision.1.4 Limitations8212;This test method is based on the stress-optical retardation compensation principle, and is therefore applicable only to transparent glass substrates, and not to opaque glass systems.1.5 Due to the possibility of additional residual stresses produced by ion exchange between glasses of different compositions, some uncertainty may be introduced in the value of the stress optical coefficient in the point of interest due to a lack of accurate knowledge of chemical composition in the areas of interest.1.6 This test method is quantitatively applicable to and valid only for those applications where such significant ion exchange is not a factor, and stress optical coefficients are known or determinable.1.7 The extent of the ion exchange process, and hence the magnitudes of the residual stresses produced due to ion exchange will depend on the exchange process parameters. The residual stress determinations made on systems in which ion exchange has occurred should be interpreted with those dependencies in mind.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures

ASTM C429-01 玻璃制造用原料的筛析标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of common raw materials for glass manufacture, such as sand, soda-ash, limestone, alkali-alumina silicates, and other granular materials used in glass batch. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture

ASTM C429-01(2011) 玻璃制造原材料筛分分析的标准试验方法

The purpose of this test method is to determine the particle size distribution of the glass raw materials.1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of common raw materials for glass manufacture, such as sand, soda-ash, limestone, alkali-alumina silicates, and other granular materials used in glass batch. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture

ASTM C429-01(2006) 玻璃制造用原料的筛析标准试验方法

The purpose of this test method is to determine the particle size distribution of the glass raw materials.1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of common raw materials for glass manufacture, such as sand, soda-ash, limestone, alkali-alumina silicates, and other granular materials used in glass batch.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture

ASTM E1640-99 使用动态机械分析玻璃过渡温度的任务的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic mechanical analyzers. 1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region. 1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about -150176C. 1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa. 1.5 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis and data reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test method may also be used. Note 1-The user bears the responsibility for determining the precision, accuracy, and validity of the techniques and measurements made using dynamic mechanical analyzers in accordance with this standard. If disputes arise, only the manual procedures described in this standard are to be considered valid. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

ASTM C770-98(2008) 玻璃应力&8212测量的标准试验方法.光学系数

Stress-optical coefficients are used in the determination of stress in glass. They are particularly useful in determining the magnitude of thermal residual stresses for annealing or pre-stressing (tempering) glass. As such, they can be important in specification acceptance. 1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the stress-optical coefficient of glass, which is used in photoelastic analyses. In Procedure A the optical retardation is determined for a glass fiber subjected to uniaxial tension. In Procedure B the optical retardation is determined for a beam of glass of rectangular cross section when subjected to four-point bending. In Procedure C, the optical retardation is measured for a beam of glass of rectangular cross-section when subjected to uniaxial compression. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress8212;Optical Coefficient

ASTM C730-98(2003) 玻璃的努氏压痕硬度的标准试验方法

The Knoop indentation hardness is one of many properties that is used to characterize glasses. Attempts have been made to relate Knoop indentation hardness to tensile strength, grinding speeds, and other hardness scales, but no generally accepted methods are available. Such conversions are limited in scope and should be used with caution, except for special cases where a reliable basis for the conversion has been obtained by comparison tests. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop indentation hardness of glass and the verification of Knoop indentation hardness testing machines using standard glasses. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass

ASTM D5359-98(2004) 用于玻璃纤维的从废物中回收的碎玻璃的标准规范

1.1 This specification describes glass cullet recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal. The recovered cullet is intended for use in the manufacture of glass fiber used for insulation-type products.

Standard Specification for Glass Cullet Recovered from Waste for Use in Manufacture of Glass Fiber