Z18 土壤环境质量分析方法 标准查询与下载

ISO 14154:2005 土质.一些选出的氯苯酚的测定.电子俘获检测的气相色谱法

This International Standard describes the gas chromatographic determination of 15 chlorophenols (2,3-, 2,4- 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- and 3,5-dichlorophenol; 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6- and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5- and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in soil samples. This method can also be applied to other solid samples such as sediments and solid wastes. This International Standard describes an acid-base liquid extraction, followed by acetylation and then liquid/liquid extraction. Determination of mass concentration is then carried out by gas chromatography and electron-capture detection. This method is applicable to chlorophenols at the lowest mass concentrations ranging from approximately 0,01 mg/kg to 0,05 mg/kg depending on the component sensitivity and the quantity of sample used. In some cases complete separation of isomers cannot be achieved, in which case the sum is reported (for instance 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenols).

Soil quality - Determination of some selected chlorophenols - Gas-chromatographic method with electron-capture detection

ISO 22030:2005 土质.生物方法.高等植物的慢性毒性

This International Standard describes a method for determining the inhibition of the growth and reproductive capability of higher plants by soils under controlled conditions. Two species are recommended: a rapid-cycling variant of turnip rape (Brassica rapa CrGC syn. Rbr) and oat (Avena sativa). The duration of test should be sufficient to include chronic endpoints that demonstrate the reproductive capability of the test plants. By using natural test soils, e.g. from contaminated sites or remediated soils, and by comparing the development of the test plants in these soils with reference or standard control soils, the test can be used to assess soil quality, especially the function of the soil as a habitat for plants. Annex A describes modifications allowing use of the chronic plant assay for the testing of chemicals incorporated into soil. By preparing a dilution series of a test substance in standard control soils, the same endpoints can be measured to assess the chronic toxicity of chemicals. This method is not applicable to volatile substances, i.e. substances for which H (Henry’s constant) or the air/water partition coefficient is greater than 1, or for which the vapour pressure exceeds 0,013 3 Pa at 25 °C.

Soil quality - Biological methods - Chronic toxicity in higher plants

ISO 17126:2005 土质.污染剂对土壤植物群影响的测定.莴苣苗发出的筛选试验

This International Standard specifies test procedures for the determination of effects of contaminated soils or other contaminated samples on the emergence of lettuce seeds. This International Standard is applicable to contaminated soils, soil materials, compost, sludge and chemical testing. It is applicable to the measurement of effects of substances deliberately added to the soil and to the comparison of soils of known and unknown quality. This International Standard is not applicable to volatile contaminants.

Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Screening test for emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.)

ASTM C1580-05 土壤中水溶硫化物的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil

ASTM C998-05(2010)e1 放射性核素的表面土壤取样的标准实施规程

Soil provides a source material for the determination of selected radionuclides and serves as an integrator of the deposition of airborne materials. Soil sampling should not be used as the primary measurement system to demonstrate compliance with applicable radionuclides in air standards. This should be done by air sampling or by measuring emission rates. Soil sampling does serve as a secondary system, and in many cases, is the only available avenue if insufficient air sampling occurred at the time of an incident. For many insoluble radionuclides, the primary exposure pathway to the general population is by inhalation. The resuspension of transuranic elements has received considerable attention (1, 2) and their measurement in soil is one means of establishing compliance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines on exposure to transuranic elements. Soil sampling can provide useful information for other purposes, such as plant uptake studies, total inventory of various radionuclides in soil due to atmospheric nuclear tests, and the accumulation of radionuclides as a function of time. A soil sampling and analysis program as part of a preoperational environmental monitoring program serves to establish baseline concentrations. Consideration was given to these criteria in preparing this practice. Soil collected using this practice and subsequent analysis can be used to monitor radionuclide deposition of emissions from nuclear facilities. The critical factors necessary to provide this information are sampling location, time of sampling, frequency of sampling, sample size, and maintenance of the integrity of the sample prior to analysis. Since the soil is considered to be a heterogeneous medium, multipoint sampling is necessary. The samples must represent the conditions existing in the area for which data are desired.1.1 This practice covers the sampling of surface soil for the purpose of obtaining a sample representative of a particular area for subsequent chemical analysis of selected radionuclides. This practice describes one acceptable approach to collect soil samples for radiochemical analysis. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides

ASTM D6907-05(2010) 使用手动斗式螺旋钻的土壤和被污染介质取样的标准实施规程

Bucket augers are relatively inexpensive, readily available, available in different types depending on the media to be sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person. They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of surface or subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable for sampling rock. Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to powered equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When evaluated against screw augers, bucket augers generally collect larger samples with less chance of mixing with soil from shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger barrel. Bucket augers are commonly used to depths of 3 m but have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil or waste characteristics. The sampling depth is limited by the force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the borehole collapses (unless bore casings or liners are used). Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of samples for determination of volatile organic compounds because the sample is disturbed during the collection process, which may lead to losses resulting in a chemically unrepresentative sample.1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (hereafter referred to as a bucket auger; sometimes referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples, but bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively undisturbed sample. 1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large (12-in. or greater diameter) bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D1452, section 3.2.4. 1.3 The term bucket auger is used to differentiate this type of hand operated auger from others of the solid or hollow stem types that are also hand held or operated. 1.4 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D5792), general sample planning (see Guide D4687), sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample [see Guide D6044]), sampling for volatile organic compounds (see Guide D4547), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D5088), sample handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D6051), and sample preservation. For information on other types of augers, see Practice D1452 and Guide D4700. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers

ASTM C999-05(2010)e1 放射性核素测定用土壤试样制备的标准实施规程

Soil samples prepared for radionuclide analyses by this practice can be used to monitor fallout distribution from nuclear facilities. This practice is intended to produce a homogeneous sample from which a relatively small aliquot (10 g) may be drawn for radiochemical analyses. Most nuclear facilities fulfill major requirements of their monitoring programs by gamma-ray spectrometry measurements of soil. A widely used practice for these measurements is to fill a calibrated sample container, such as a Marinelli beaker (8764;600-mL volume), with a homogenized soil sample. By preparing the entire soil core collection, sufficient homogeneous sample is available for radiochemical and gamma-ray spectrometry measurements.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of surface soil samples collected for chemical analysis of radionuclides, particularly uranium and plutonium. This practice describes one acceptable approach to the preparation of soil samples for radiochemical analysis. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in 6.3.

Standard Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determination of Radionuclides

ASTM D2216-05 用质量法的实验室测定土壤和岩石中水(湿气)含量的标准试验方法

For many materials, the water content is one of the most significant index properties used in establishing a correlation between soil behavior and its index properties. The water content of a material is used in expressing the phase relationships of air, water, and solids in a given volume of material. In fine-grained (cohesive) soils, the consistency of a given soil type depends on its water content. The water content of a soil, along with its liquid and plastic limits as determined by Test Method D 4318, is used to express its relative consistency or liquidity index. Note 28212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover the laboratory determination of the water (moisture) content by mass of soil, rock, and similar materials where the reduction in mass by drying is due to loss of water except as noted in , , and . For simplicity, the word "material" shall refer to soil, rock or aggregate whichever is most applicable.1.2 Some disciplines, such as soil science, need to determine water content on the basis of volume. Such determinations are beyond the scope of this test method.1.3 The water content of a material is defined in .1.4 The term "solid material" as used in geotechnical engineering is typically assumed to mean naturally occurring mineral particles of soil and rock that are not readily soluble in water. Therefore, the water content of materials containing extraneous matter (such as cement etc.) may require special treatment or a qualified definition of water content. In addition, some organic materials may be decomposed by oven drying at the standard drying temperature for this method (110176;C). Materials containing gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) or other compounds having significant amounts of hydrated water may present a special problem as this material slowly dehydrates at the standard drying temperature (110176;C) and at very low relative humidity, forming a compound (such as calcium sulfate hemihydrate) that is not normally present in natural materials except in some desert soils. In order to reduce the degree of dehydration of gypsum in those materials containing gypsum or to reduce decomposition in highly/fibrous organic soils, it may be desirable to dry the materials at 60C or in a desiccator at room temperature. Thus, when a drying temperature is used which is different from the standard drying temperature as defined by this test method, the resulting water content may be different from the standard water content determined at the standard drying temperature of 110176;C.Note 1Test Method D 2974 provides an alternate procedure for determining water content of peat materials.1.5 Materials containing water with substantial amounts of soluble solids (such as salt in the case of marine sediments) when tested by this method will give a mass of solids that includes the previously soluble dissolved solids. These materials require special treatment to remove or account for the presence of precipitated solids in the dry mass of the specimen, or a qualified definition of water content must be used. For example, see Test Method D 4542 regarding information on marine sediments.1.6 This test standard requires several hours for proper drying of the ......

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass

ASTM G187-05 使用双电极土壤箱法测量泥土电阻率的标准试验方法

The resistivity of the surrounding soil environment is a factor in the corrosion of underground structures. High resistivity soils are generally not as corrosive as low resistivity soils. The resistivity of the soil is one of many factors that influence the service life of a buried structure. Soil resistivity may affect the material selection and the location of a structure.5 Soil resistivity is of particular importance and interest in the corrosion process because it is basic in the analysis of corrosion problems and the design of corrective measures. The test method is focused to provide an accurate, expeditious measurement of soil resistivity to assist in the determination of a soil’s corrosive nature. Test Method G 57 emphasizes an in situ measurement commonly utilized in the design of a buried structures’ corrosion control (cathodic protection systems’ ground bed design, and so forth). The two-electrode soil box method often compliments the four-pin, in situ soil resistivity method. The saturated soil resistivity determined by this test method does not necessarily indicate the minimum soil resistivity1.1 This test method covers the equipment and a procedure for the measurement of soil resistivity, for samples removed from the ground, for use in the control of corrosion of buried structures.1.2 Procedures allow for this test method to be used n the field or in the laboratory.1.3 The test method procedures are for the resistivity measurement of soil samples in the saturated condition and in the as-received condition.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Soil resistivity values are reported in ohm-centimeter.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Two-Electrode Soil Box Method

HJ/T 165-2004 酸沉降监测技术规范

本规范规定了酸沉降监测的技术要求，适用于各级环境监测站及其它环境监测机构对酸沉降进行监测的活动。

Technical specifications for acid deposition monitoring

HJ/T 166-2004 土壤环境监测技术规范

本规范规定了土壤环境监测的布点采样、样品制备、分析方法、结果表征、资料统计和质量评价等技术内容。 本规范适用于全国区域土壤背景、农田土壤环境、建设项目土壤环境评价、土壤污染事故等类型的监测。

Technical specification for soil environmental monitoring

NF P94-103:2004 土壤:调查和检验.线性和/或液压粘结处理材料.干矿物处理产品排放粉尘的能力评定试验

Soils : investigation and testing - Line and/or hydraulic binder treated materials - Test for assessing the ability of a dry mineral treatment product to emit dust.

BS EN ISO 16703:2011 土壤质量.用气象色谱法测定C10至C40范围内的碳氢化合物含量

Soil quality. Determination of content of hydrocarbon in the range C10 to C40 by gas chromatography

ISO 17380:2004 土质.易释放的氰化物和氰化物总含量的测定.连续流量分析法

This International Standard specifies a method for the photometric determination of the total cyanide and the easily released cyanide mass fraction in soil using an automated-distillation continuous-flow analysis. The International Standard applies to all types of soil with cyanide mass fractions above 1 mg/kg on the basis of dry matter, expressed on the basis of the cyanide ion. NOTE Sulfide concentrations in the sample higher than 40 mg/kg dry matter cause interference. This effect can be recognized by the split peaks and as a slow decrease of the detector signal and can only be prevented by diluting the sample extract.

Soil quality - Determination of total cyanide and easily released cyanide - Continuous-flow analysis method

DIN 19738:2004 土壤质量.污染的土壤材料中有机和无机污染物的可吸收性

This standard specifies a method of testing the bioaccessibility of substances in contaminated soil material and materials that may be applied to the soil or introduced into it (see article 6 of the Bundesbodenschutz- gesetz. It permits only those substances to be examined that have a sufficiently low vapour pressure and are not subject to appreciable loss under the test conditions set out below, Furthermore, suitable analytical methods may need to be used to detect the substances or elements inthe complex digestive solutions. In the system described here, the mobilization of organic and inorganic contaminants from contaminated material with the aid of synthetic digestive juices (gastric juice and intestinal juice and, in some cases, also saliva) is examined under standardized, physiologically realistic conditions. With regard to their main constituents, the composition of these solutions is very similar to the average composition of human digestive juices when their secretion is stimulated during the ingestion of food, The samples are treated with gastric juice for two hours, which is similar to the average time food is retained in the stomach. Following that, the samples are treated with intestinal juice for six hours, which represents the maximum time for which food components are retained in the small intestine as a whole.

Soil quality - Absorption availability of organic and inorganic pollutants from contaminated soil material

ISO 11275:2004 土质.不饱和液体渗导性和水保持特性的测定.风蒸发法

This International Standard specifies a laboratory method for the simultaneous determination in soils of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and of the soil water-retention characteristic. It is applicable only to measurement of the drying or desorption curve. Application of the method is restricted to soil samples which are, as far as possible, homogeneous. The method is not applicable to soils which shrink in the range of matric head hm = 0 cm to hm = -800 cm. The range of the determination of the conductivity depends on the soil type. It lies between matric heads of approximately hm = -50 cm and hm = -700 cm. The range of the determination of the water-retention characteristic lies between matric heads of approximately hm = 0 cm and hm = -800 cm. NOTE 1 An infiltrometer method can be used to determine hydraulic conductivities near saturation. NOTE 2 ISO 11274 gives methods to determine the water-retention characteristic for matric heads between 0 cm and -15 000 cm.

Soil quality - Determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water-retention characteristic - Wind's evaporation method

DIN ISO 15800:2004 土质.与评价人体所受有害物质影响相关的土壤的表征

This standard gives guidance for characterization of soils and soil materials for estimating human exposure, with special consideration of the following exposure pathways - soil-man (direct pathway) - soil-plant-man - soil-plant-animal-man - soil-groundwater-man - soil-gas-man#,,#

Soil quality - Characterization of soil with respect to human exposure (ISO 15800:2003)

ISO 16772:2004 土质.用冷蒸气原子光谱法或冷蒸气原子荧光光谱法测定水域土壤提取物的汞含量

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of mercury in an aqua regia extract of soil, obtained in accordance with ISO 11464 and ISO 11466, using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry or cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The limit of determination of the method is at least 0,1 mg/kg.

Soil quality - Determination of mercury in aqua regia soil extracts with cold-vapour atomic spectrometry or cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry

ISO 15175:2004 土质.与地下水保护相关的土壤特性

This International Standard provides guidance on the principles behind, and main methods for, the evaluation of sites, soils, and soil materials in relation to their role as a source of contamination of groundwater and their function in transporting, degrading and transforming contaminants. It identifies and lists relevant monitoring strategies, methods for sampling, soil processing and analytical methods. This International Standard is applicable to the evaluation of the impact of contaminants on groundwater in relation to  drinking water quality,  irrigation water quality,  industrial use,  natural base flow.

Soil quality - Characterization of soil related to groundwater protection

NF T90-327:2004 土壤质量.高等植物遗传毒性影响的评估.蚕豆的小核试验

Soil quality - Assessment of genotoxic effects to higher plants - Micronucleus test on Vicia faba.