英翻中：22条途径超频你的大脑

1. 提升你的脑细胞数量

研究显示，有充足体力活动的人们能获得更好的大脑。萨克生物研究学院(La Jolla,Calif)的科学家发现无论何时检测在活动轮上奔跑的成年老鼠都会发现它们海马区（大脑的一个区域，涉及学习和记忆）的细胞比那些只是坐着不动、整天在网络聊天室谈论指环王的那些老鼠新增了一倍。研究人员不确定为什么更多活跃的啮齿类动物的大脑反映了这种情况，但有可能是运动的自愿性使运动者的紧张情绪更低，因而对运动者而言更为有益。这可能意味着从运动中找寻乐趣、而不是仅仅强迫自己去做它可能使你变得更聪明- 也更快乐。

所以，玩项运动，参加马拉松、三项全能或"募捐长跑"等竞赛项目的训练，或和好朋友一起工作来帮助使事情变得有趣。

2. Exercise Your Mind

It isn’t just physical exercise that gets those brain cells jumping. Just like those head-pumped cabbies and piano jockeys, you can build up various areas of your brain by putting them to work. Duke University neurobiology professor Lawrence C. Katz, Ph.D., co-author of Keep Your Brain Alive, says that finding simple ways to use aspects of your brain that may be lagging could help maintain both nerve cells and dendrites, branches on the cells that receive and process information. Just as a new weightlifting exercise builds up underused muscles, Katz says that novel ways of thinking and viewing the world can improve the functioning of inactive sections of the brain.

Experience new tastes and smells; try to do things with your nondominant hand; find new ways to drive to work; travel to new places; create art; read that Dostoyevsky novel; write a buddy comedy for Ted Kennedy and Rush Limbaugh - basically, do anything you can to force yourself out of your mental ruts.

2. 锻炼你的思维

不仅体力活动能使那些脑细胞跳动起来。就像那些head-pumped cabbies和弹钢琴的，你可以通过使大脑的不同区域工作来增大它们。杜克大学的神经生物学教授Lawrence C. Katz（博士，Keep Your Brain Alive的同作者）说，寻找简单方法来使用大脑的可能迟钝的方面可能有助于维护神经细胞和突起（细胞的分支，用以接受和处理信息）。就像新的举重运动增大未充分利用的肌肉，Katz说用新奇的方法来思考和审视这个世界可以提高大脑怠惰区域的功能。

体验新的味觉和嗅觉；尝试用你非惯用的手做事情；找新路径开车去公司；去陌生的地方旅行；创造艺术；阅读杜斯妥也夫斯基的小说；为Ted Kennedy和Rush Limbaugh写一篇兄弟喜剧（buddy comedy）-基本上，就是强迫自己做那些常规思维之外的事情。

3. Ask Why

Our brains are wired to be curious. As we grow up and “mature” many of us stifle or deny our natural curiosity. Let yourself be curious! Wonder to yourself about why things are happening. Ask someone in the know. The best way to exercise our curiosity is by asking “Why?” Make it a new habit to ask “why?” at least 10 times a day. Your brain will be happier and you will be amazed at how many opportunities and solutions will show up in your life and work.

 3. 问为什么

我们的大脑对好奇总是精力充沛的。随着我们长大"成熟"，许多人遏止或拒绝我们好奇的天性。让自己变得好奇！好奇于事情为什么会发生，问那些知道的人。锻炼我们好奇心的最佳途径是问一句"为什么？"。养成一天至少问10遍"为什么"的新习惯。你的大脑将会更快乐，并且你将会吃惊于你的生活和工作会有多少机遇和解决方案。

4. Laugh

Scientists tell us that laughter is good for our health; that it releases endorphins and other positively powerful chemicals into our system. We don’t really need scientists to tell us that it feels good to laugh. Laughing helps us reduce stress and break old patterns too. So laughter can be like a “quick-charge” for our brain’s batteries. Laugh more, and laugh harder.

4. 大笑

科学家告诉我们，笑对我们的健康有好处；它释放内啡肽和其他含积极能量的化学物质到我们的肌体。我们事实上不需要科学家告诉我们笑的感觉很不错。笑帮助我们减小压力，也打破旧有模式。故而笑能像我们大脑电池的一个"快速充电器"。经常笑，大声笑

5. Be A Fish Head

Omega-3 oils, found in walnuts, flaxseed and especially fish, have long been touted as being healthy for the heart. But recent research suggests they’re a brain booster as well, and not just because they help the circulation system that pumps oxygen to your head. They also seem to improve the function of the membranes that surround brain cells, which may be why people who consume a lot of fish are less likely to suffer depression, dementia, even attention-deficit disorder. Scientists have noted that essential fatty acids are necessary for proper brain development in children, and they’re now being added to baby formulas. It’s possible that your own mental state, and even your intelligence, can be enhanced by consuming enough of these oils.

Eating at least three servings a week of fish such as salmon, sardines, mackerel and tuna is a good start.

 5. 做一个鱼头

发现于胡桃、亚麻籽、尤其是鱼体内的欧米伽-3 油，长久以来被认为有益于心脏的。但是最近研究显示，它们也是大脑促进剂，不仅因为它们有助于循环系统往你的大脑里压入氧气，它们看起来也改善环绕大脑细胞的薄膜的官能，这可能是为什么食用大量鱼类的人更不易于罹患抑郁症、痴呆病、甚至儿童多动症。科学家注意到，必要的脂肪酸对儿童大脑的完全发育是必须的，它们现在被添加进婴儿配方。有可能通过食用足够的这些油来增强你的精神状态、甚至你的智力水平。

开始可以每星期至少吃三次鲑鱼、沙丁鱼、鲭鱼和金枪鱼等。

6. Remember

Get out an old photo album or high school yearbook. Your brain is a memory machine, so give it a chance to work! Spend time with your memories. Let your mind reflect on them and your mind will repay you in positive emotions and new connections from the memories to help you with your current tasks and challenges.

6. 回忆

取出一个老影集或高中年鉴。你的大脑是一个记忆机器，所以给它一个工作的机会！花一些时间来回忆，让你的记忆将沉思它们，并且回馈你以积极的情绪，并在记忆里建立新的连接，这将有助于你当前的工作和挑战。

7. Cut The Fat

Can “bad” fats make you dumb? When researchers at the University of Toronto put rats on a 40-percent-fat diet, the rats lost ground in several areas of mental function, including memory, spatial awareness and rule learning. The problems became worse with a diet high in saturated fats, the kind that’s abundant in meat and dairy products. While you may never be called upon to navigate a little maze in search of a cheddar cube, these results could hold true for you as well, for two reasons: Fat can reduce the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your brain, and it may also slow down the metabolism of glucose, the form. of sugar the brain utilizes as food.

You can still get up to 30 percent of your daily calories in the form. of fat, but most of it should come from the aforementioned fish, olive oil, nuts and seeds. Whatever you do, stay away from trans fats, the hardened oils that are abundant in crackers and snack foods.

7. 减肥

有害的"脂肪"能使你傻乎乎么？当多伦多大学的研究人员使老鼠增加40%的脂肪，老鼠在脑功能的几个区域有所减退，包括记忆、空间识别和口令学习。如果食用高度饱和脂肪，肉类和奶制品里富含这种脂肪，问题将会更一步恶化。虽然你不可能被要求穿越一个小迷宫来寻找乳酪块，但这些结果仍对你有效，两个原因：脂肪能减少富含氧气的血液输送到大脑的流量，它也可能减缓葡萄糖的新陈代谢，葡萄糖是大脑养料的一种糖类。

你仍可以以脂肪的形式摄取日需卡路里的30%，但大部分应该来自上述的鱼类，橄榄油、坚果和种子。无论你做什么，远离逆态脂肪（trans fat），它是饼干和零食里富含的一种硬化油。

8. Do A Puzzle

Some of us like jigsaw puzzles, some crossword puzzles, some logic puzzles - it really doesn’t matter kind you choose to do. Doing puzzles in your free time is a great way to activate your brain and keep it in good working condition. Do the puzzle for fun, but do it knowing you are exercising your brain. 

8. 解决难题

一些人喜欢拼图，一些人喜欢组字，一些人喜欢逻辑- 这委实和你选择的种类无关。赋闲时解决一些难题是一种活化你的大脑并使之保持工作状态的良好途径。以解决难题为乐，但要认识到做它是为了锻炼你的大脑。

9. The Mozart Effect

A decade ago Frances Rauscher, a psychologist now at the University of Wisconsin at Oshkosh, and her colleagues made waves with the discovery that listening to Mozart improved people’s mathematical and spatial reasoning. Even rats ran mazes faster and more accurately after hearing Mozart than after white noise or music by the minimalist composer Philip Glass. Last year, Rauscher reported that, for rats at least, a Mozart piano sonata seems to stimulate activity in three genes involved in nerve-cell signalling in the brain.

This sounds like the most harmonious way to tune up your mental faculties. But before you grab the CDs, hear this note of caution. Not everyone who has looked for the Mozart effect has found it. What’s more, even its proponents tend to think that music boosts brain power simply because it makes listeners feel better - relaxed and stimulated at the same time - and that a comparable stimulus might do just as well. In fact, one study found that listening to a story gave a similar performance boost.

 9. 莫扎特效应

十年前，Frances Rauscher（现在是威斯康星大学的心理学家）和她的同事因为发现听莫扎特的音乐能增强人类的数学和空间推理能力而在世界上掀起很大轰动。甚至老鼠在听完莫扎特之后在穿越迷宫时都比那些只听了些白噪声或抽象派作曲家Philip Glass写的音乐的老鼠更加迅速和精确。去年，Rauscher报告，至少对老鼠而言，一首莫扎特钢琴奏鸣曲似乎激活了涉及大脑里传输信号的神经细胞的三种基因。

这听起来像是调节脑力最和谐的方法。但在你抓取CD之前，听一下注意事项。不是每个人期待莫扎特效应的人都会感觉到它。况且，甚至它的支持者趋向于认为，音乐促进脑力仅仅因为它使倾听者感觉更好- 倾听的同时同时身心松弛，大脑受到刺激- 同等的刺激物能达到同样效果。事实上，一项研究发现，听故事时大脑能获得同样效果的促进。

10. Improve Your Skill At Things You Already Do

Some repetitive mental stimulation is ok as long as you look to expand your skills and knowledge base. Common activities such as gardening, sewing, playing bridge, reading, painting, and doing crossword puzzles have value, but push yourself to do different gardening techniques, more complex sewing patterns, play bridge against more talented players to increase your skill, read new authors on varied subjects, learn a new painting technique, and work harder crossword puzzles. Pushing your brain to new heights help to keep it healthy.

10. 提高你重复做事情的能力

只要你期待扩展你的能力和知识储备，一些重复性的大脑刺激是不错的方法。通常的活动，比如园艺、缝纫、玩桥牌、阅读、绘画和做组字游戏都有效果，但是强迫自己去练习不同的园艺技术、更复杂的缝纫式样、和更有天资的玩家玩桥牌来增进技艺、阅读不同主题的新作家的作品、学习一种新的绘画技术、玩更难的组字游戏。强迫你的大脑到达新的高度有助于使它保持健康。

11. Be A Thinker, Not A Drinker

The idea that alcohol kills brain cells is an old one, but the reality is a bit more complicated. In fact, a study of 3,500 Japanese men found that those who drank moderately (in this case, about one drink per day) had better cognitive functioning when they got older than those who didn’t drink at all. Unfortunately, as soon as you get beyond that “moderate” amount, your memory, reaction time is all likely to decline. In the same study, men who had four or more drinks a day fared worst of all.

Just as bad is the now common practice of “binge drinking,” otherwise known as getting hammered on the weekend. Research on rats found that those who consumed large amounts of alcohol had fewer new cells in their brains’ hippocampus region immediately after the binge, and virtually none a month later. This suggests that the alcohol not only damaged the rats’ brains, but kept them from repairing themselves later on - in human terms, that means you shouldn’t expect to pass the Mensa entrance exam any time soon.

11. 做一个思考者，而不是酒徒

酒精破坏脑细胞的思想已经过时了，但现实更为复杂些。事实上，一个由3500个日本人所参与的实验发现，适当饮酒的人（这里指大约每天喝一次）当他们变老后，他们的认知能力比起那些根本不喝酒的人更好一些。不幸的是，一旦你超过了那个"适当的"数量，你的记忆力、反应力都有可能衰退。同一研究表明，一天饮酒次数四次以上的人情况恶化最快。

同样坏的情况是目前"豪饮"的风气，另一种说法是在周末酩酊大醉。老鼠研究发现，大量饮酒的老鼠在刚刚豪饮完毕后，事实上一个星期之后也是这样，其大脑海马区的新生细胞比其它老鼠更少。这个研究表明，酒精不但破坏老鼠的大脑，而且抑制其日后自我恢复- 对人类而言，这意味着你不可能期望以后的任何时候再通过门萨入门测试（译者注：一种智力测试，mensa）。

12. Play

Take time to play. Make time to play. Play cards. Play video games. Play board games. Play Ring Around the Rosie. Play tug of war. It doesn’t matter what you play. Just play! It is good for your spirit and good for your brain. It gives your brain a chance to think strategically, and keeps it working.

12. 玩

花点时间去玩，挤出时间去玩。玩扑克、玩视频游戏、玩棋盘游戏、玩暗夜来电（译者注：ring around the rosie，电影名）、玩拔河。你玩什么都无所谓。只要在玩！这对你的精神和大脑都有好处。它使你的大脑有机会出谋划策。

13. Sleep On It

Previewing key information and then sleeping on it increases retention 20 to 30 percent. You can leave that information next to the bed for easy access, if it is something that won’t keep you awake. If you are kept awake by your thoughts, writing everything down sometimes gets it “out of your mind,” allowing you to sleep (so keep a pen and paper nearby).

 

13. 拖到第二天解决

预览重要信息之后把其它留到第二天记忆，这使记忆保留增加20%到30%。你可以把信息放在床边以便随意查看，如果阅读它不能使你保持清醒，如果你被想法缠绊而无法入睡，把每件事写下来，把它们"驱逐出你的大脑"，这会使你能够睡眠（所以要在附近放一支笔和一张纸）。

14. Concentration

Concentration can increase brainpower. Obvious, perhaps, but the thieves of concentration are not always so obvious. Learn to notice when you are distracted. Often the cause is just below consciousness. If there is a phone call you need to make, for example, it might bother you all morning, sapping your ability to think clearly, even while you are unaware of what is bothering you.

Get in the habit of stopping to ask “What is on my mind right now”. Identify it and deal with it. In the example given, you could make the phone call, or put it on tomorrow’s list, so your mind is comfortable letting it go for now. This leaves you in a more relaxed state where you can think more clearly. Use this technique to increase your brainpower now.

14. 专注

专注能增进脑力。或许很明显，但注意力的小偷不总是那么明显。学习在你心烦意乱时多加留心，引起心烦的原因常常是位于潜意识里的。比如你需要接一个电话，它可能打扰了你一早晨，它使你无法思考清晰，甚至当时你都没有意识到是什么在困扰你。

养成这样一个习惯，停止问自己"我在想些什么？"。搞清楚并解决它。在上述例子里，你应该接电话，或把它列到明天的日程表，你的心里会因它的马上离开而感到舒适多了。这使你保持一种更为松弛的状态，你的思考也会更清晰。马上用这个技巧来增进自己的脑力吧。

15. Make Love For Your Brain

In a series of studies by Winnifred B. Cutler, PhD and colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania and later at Stanford University it was found that regular sexual contact had an important impact on physical and emotional well being of women. Sexual contact with a partner at least once a week led to more fertile, regular menstrual cycles, shorter menses, delayed menopause, increased estrogen levels, and delayed aging. Brain imaging studies at UCLA have shown that decreased estrogen levels are associated with overall decreased brain activity and poor memory. Enhancing estrogen levels for women through regular sexual activity enhances overall brain activity and improves memory.

In Dr. Cutler’s study the occurrence of orgasm was not as important as the fact that sex was with another person. Intimacy and emotional bonding may be the most influential factors in the positive aspects of sex. As a psychiatrist I have seen many people withhold sex as a way to show hurt, anger, or disappointment. Dr. Cutler’s research suggests that this is self-defeating behavior. The more you withhold the worse it may be for you. Appropriate sex is one of the keys to the brain’s fountain of youth.

15. 为你的大脑做爱

 Winnifred B. Cutler博士和宾西法尼亚大学的同事们、以及之后斯坦福大学的一系列研究发现，定期的性接触对女性的身体健康和情绪安宁都有重要影响。和伴侣一个星期最少一次性接触导致更强的生育能力、稳定的月经期、更短的月经、延迟绝经期、提高雌性激素水平、推延老化。UCLA的大脑成像研究显示，雌性激素的减少关联到大脑活力的全民降低和记忆力减退。通过定期的性接触提高女性的雌性激素水平有助于提高整体的大脑活力和增进记忆力。

在Dr. Culter的研究里，性高潮的出现并不像事实上和另一个人性爱表现出来的那么重要。亲昵行为和情感融合是性爱的积极方面中最有影响力的两个元素。作为一个精神病医生，我见过许多压抑性欲的人表现为伤害、愤怒以及失望。Culter博士的研究表明，这是对自己有害的行为。你越压抑你的性欲，它越对你有害。适当的性爱是开启大脑青春喷泉的钥匙之一。

16. Play With Passion!

You can’t do great work without personal fulfillment. When people are growing through learning and creativity, they are much more fulfilled and give 127% more to their work. Delight yourself and you delight the world. Remember what you loved to do as a child and bring the essence of that activity into your work. This is a clue to your genius; to your natural gifts and talents. da Vinci, Edison, Einstein and Picasso all loved to play and they loved to explore.

16. 充满激情地玩耍!

没有自我实现你是不可能做成伟大的事业的。当人们通过学习和创造成长时，他们超额实现，为他们的工作付出了多于127%的激情。使自己愉悦，你将愉悦整个世界。记住在你还是个孩子时喜欢做的事情，将其精髓投入你的事业中。这是指引你发现自己的天赋、特长的线索。达芬奇、爱迪生、爱因斯坦和毕加索都热爱玩耍，并且都热爱探索。

17. Cycles Of Consciousness

Your consciousness waxes and wanes throughout the day . For most it seems to go through 90 minute cycles, with 30 minutes of lower consciousness. Watch yourself to recognize this cycle. If you learn to recognize and track your mental state, you can concentrate on important mental tasks when your mind is most “awake”. For creative insight into a problem, do the opposite. Work on it when you are in a drowsy state, when your conscious mind has slowed down.

17. 意识周期

意识每天都像月亮一样有盈有缺。对大多数人而言，它的周期是90分钟，其中30分钟的意识低潮。观察自己来辨认周期。如果你学会辨认和跟踪你的大脑状态，你可以在思维最"清醒"时专注于重要的脑力工作，当创造性洞察遇到难题，就要反其道而行了。在你迷迷糊糊、意识思维迟钝下来时再去完成它。

18. Learn Something New

This one might seem obvious. Yes, we capitalize on our brain’s great potential when we put it to work learning new things. You may have a specific topic for work or leisure that you want to learn more about. That’s great.

Go learn it. If you don’t have a subject in mind right now, try learning a new word each day. There is a strong correlation between working vocabulary and intelligence. When we have new words in our vocabulary, our minds can think in new ways with greater nuances between ideas. Put your mind to work learning. It is one of the best ways to re-energize your brain.

18. 学一些新东西

这一条可能看起来平淡无奇。是的，当我们让大脑学习新的知识时，我们在使用它的巨大潜能。你可能有一个想了解更多的具体工作或休闲的主题。那很好。

开始学习。如果你现在脑子里没有一个问题，那么尝试每天学一个新单词。工作时的词汇量和智力是有强大关联的。当我们的词库里有新单词，我们的头脑可以通过主意间更微妙的差别想出新的方法。让你的头脑开始学习吧。这是重新给大脑充电的最好方法。

19. Write To Be Read

I am a big proponent of writing in a journal to capture ideas and thoughts. There is certainly great value in writing for yourself. I continue to find that my brain is greatly stimulated by writing to be read. The greatest benefit of writing is what it does to expand your brain’s capacity. Find ways to write to be read – by writing things for your friends to read, by capturing the stories of your childhood, starting your own blog or whatever – just write to be read.

19. 写一些会有人读的内容

我强烈支持以写日记来获得主意和思想。为自己写作无疑有巨大价值。我连续发现通过写一些会被人阅读的内容，我的大脑变得格外兴奋。写作的最大好处在于它为扩充你的脑容量所做的一切。寻找途径来写一些会有人阅读的东西- 为你的朋友能阅读而写一些东西，写你童年发生的故事，建立自己的blog或无论什么- 只要写些能被阅读的东西。

20. Try Aroma Therapy To Activate Your Brain

One day, as I was falling asleep, while listening to endless speeches at a conference, my brain suddenly perked up when I caught a whiff of lemon from someone’s cologne. I immediately felt alert and found it much easier to pay attention to the presenter. I discovered aroma therapy really is useful and I have used it ever since revitalize or to relax.

Energizers include peppermint, cypress and lemon. Relaxants: ylang ylang, geranium and rose. A few drops of essential oils in your bath or in a diffuser will do the trick. You can also put a drop or two in a cotton ball or hanky and inhale. One caveat for the workplace; make sure no-one is allergic to the oils before you use them.

20. 尝试用香薰来激活大脑

一天当我在一次会议上听着无休止的演讲时，慢慢坠入梦乡，突然闻到来自某个人科隆香水的柠檬味道，我的大脑兴奋起来。我立刻警醒，发现自己能更容易专注于演讲者。我发觉香薰真的有效，从那之后我一直用它来恢复精力或放松休息。

劲量（Energizer）含有薄荷、柏木和柠檬。松弛剂：依兰依兰，天竺葵和玫瑰。在浴室或喷雾器里滴入几滴精油会起作用。你也可以用棉花球或手帕沾一两滴然后吸入。工作场所需要警告一下；在使用之前确认没有人对该油有过敏反应。

21. Drugs To Increase Brainpower

Coffee and other drinks containing caffeine help students consistently score higher on tests. Since caffeine restricts blood vessels in the brain, it isn’t clear what the longer-term effects may be when it comes to your brainpower. So instead of coffee breaks try gingko biloba and gotu kola herbal teas. Ginkgo biloba has been shown to increase blood flow to the brain, and improve concentration.

21.提高智力的药物

咖啡和其它饮料包含的咖啡因有助于学生在考试中始终如一获得好成绩。因为咖啡因限制大脑血管，故而不太清楚它对你的智力的长期影响会如何。所以不要开咖啡会了，尝试一下银杏提取物（译者注：银杏树叶中的萃取物质可以增加脑的供血量）和积雪草草药茶。银杏提取物被证明能增加血液流向脑部，提高注意力。

22. Build A Brain Trust

Surround yourself with inspiring people from a wide variety of fields who encourage you and stimulate your creativity. Read magazines from a wide variety of fields. Make connections between people, places and things, to discover new opportunities, and to find solutions to your problems.

22. 建立智囊

在你身周围绕着广泛领域的鼓舞人心的人，他们鼓励你、刺激你的创造力。阅读不同领域的杂志。在人们、地点和事物之间建立连接来发现新的机遇，以及为你的问题发现解决方案。

Remember that no matter what your age or your occupation; your brain needs to be constantly challenged to be at its peak in terms of performance. Whether it’s doing logic puzzles, memorizing lines from Shakespeare, or learning a new skill, keep your brain busy, if you don’t want it to rust away like a car in a junkyard. 

记住，无论你多大或你的职业是什么；你的大脑需要时常受到挑战，使之在效率方面达到其巅峰状态。不论是做逻辑难题，熟记莎士比亚的台词，或者学会一项新技能，使你的大脑忙起来，如果你不想让它想废品堆里的轿车一样锈掉的话。

转自：http://tr.hjenglish.com/page/16368/?page=3

引用 删除 实验技术   /   2008-11-26 23:20:20

看了觉得收获太大了。有种焕然一新的感觉。