订货指导
换能器的类型和频率是影响仪器性能的zei重要因素，用户可以根据下面的指导来确定什么类型的换能器zei适合自己的研究目的。

• 高频（如420kHz）更适合于小的“目标”和近距离探测。

• 低频（如38kHz 和70kHz）更适合于大的“目标”，海洋环境和运距离探测。

• 分裂波束的换能器用于计数和跟踪个体目标，并且确定精确的目标声学强度用于测量目标大小。

• 单一波束和分裂波束换能器都适合水深测量、底质分类，以及鱼类和浮游动物聚类、沉水植物数据的采集。

代表文献

1. Thomas R. Hrabik, Jean V. Adams, Owen T. Gorman et al. 2007. Vertical Distribution of Fish Biomass in Lake Superior: Implications for Day Bottom Trawl Surveys. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27:735-749.

2. I. J. Winfield, C. Onoufriou, M. J. O’Connell et al. 2007. Assessment in two shallow lakes of a hydroacoustic system for surveying aquatic macrophytes. Hydrobiologia 584:111-119.

3. Bin Zhu, Dean G. Fitzgerald,Susan B. Hoskins et al. 2007. Quantification of Historical Changes of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Cover in Two Bays of Lake Ontario with Three Complementary Methods. Journal of Great Lakes Research 33:122–135.

4. Wanzenbock J , Mehner T, SchulzM, et al. 2003. Quality assurance of hydroacoustic surveys: the repeatability of fish - abundance and biomass estimates in lakes within and between hydroacoustic systems. Journal ofMarine Science 60 (3) : 486-492.

5. Bonacito Clizia, Ciriaco Saul, Costantini Marco et al. 2002. Sea-bed classification and sea-bottom mapping with GRASS in the Natural Marine Reserve of Miramare(Gulf of Trieste, Italy). Proceedings of the Open source GIS - GRASS users conference 2002.

6. John R. Skalski, Gary E. Johnson, Colleen M. Sullivan et al. 1996. Statistical evaluation of turbine bypass efficiency at Wells Dam on the Columbia River, Washington. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53: 2188-2198.