PRF1基因编码的功能和结构描述

该基因编码一种与补体c9结构相似的蛋白质，c9在免疫中起重要作用。这种蛋白质形成膜孔，允许颗粒酶的释放和随后的细胞裂解的目标细胞。孔的形成是发生在靶细胞的质膜上，还是发生在靶细胞内的内质膜上，还存在争议。该基因突变与多种人类疾病有关，包括糖尿病、多发性硬化症、淋巴瘤、自身免疫性淋巴增生综合征（alps）、再生障碍性贫血和家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症2型（fhl2），这是一种罕见且致命的常染色体隐性遗传疾病。

This gene encodes a protein with structural similarities to complement component C9 that is important in immunity. This protein forms membrane pores that allow the release of granzymes and subsequent cytolysis of target cells. Whether pore formation occurs in the plasma membrane of target cells or in an endosomal membrane inside target cells is subject to debate. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human disease including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, lymphomas, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), aplastic anemia, and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2), a rare and lethal autosomal recessive disorder of early childhood.