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自由基调控离子通道的研究

2020.7.13

氧自由基(FORs)是生物体生命活动过程中产生的物质,在动物体中引起许多重要的生物化学及生理学现象。FORs作用于离子通道及受体复合物引发信号级联反应对细胞内代谢活动进行调控。研究发现,伴随着植物生长、激素活动及胁迫应激等不同生命过程,FORs形成并逐渐累积,同时累积的还有胞内钙离子。因此,研究人员推测,在植物中同样存在FORs调控离子通道从而调节相关生命活动的机制。

上图:采用非损伤微测技术测定了羟自由基对不同植物根部表皮细胞离子流速的影响

A:K+外流图;B:Ca2+内流图

为了验证以上推测,英国的研究人员Vadim Demidchik等以拟南芥根部细胞原生质体为材料,利用发光法、电生理研究方法以及非损伤微测技术(MIFE)分别测定了羟自由基(OH·)等不同诱导处理下,拟南芥根部细胞胞外钾离子浓度([K+]out)、胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]in)、整体细胞电流以及K+、Ca2+流速等信息。

研究表明,氧自由基(FORs)激活拟南芥根部细胞质膜Ca2+、K+通道,分别介导Ca2+内流及K+外流。而且在接受环境刺激信号及处于伸长生长期的细胞中,FORs的通道激活作用更显著。此外,对根部氧自由基的淬灭,根部的伸长生长受到抑制,证实自由基引起的Ca2+内流在细胞生长中的作用。在单子叶、C3、C4等其他植物中均得到类似的结果,说明氧自由基的调控机制及功能比较保守。该研究成果阐明了FORs在细胞内具有精确的作用位点及具体的机制,为信号网络调控机制的研究提供了一个范例。

关键词:钙(Calcium)、通道(Channel)、氧自由基(Free oxygen radical)、钾(Potassium)



参考文献:Demidchik et al. J. Cell Sci. 2003: 116: 81-88.

ABSTRACT:

Free oxygen radicals are an irrefutable component of life, underlying important biochemical and physiological phenomena in animals. Here it is shown that free oxygen radicals activate plasma membrane Ca2+- and K+-permeable conductances in Arabidopsis root cell protoplasts, mediating Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux, respectively. Free oxygen radicals generate increases in cytosolic Ca2+ mediated by a novel population of nonselective cation channels that differ in selectivity and pharmacology from those involved in toxic Na+ influx. Analysis of the free oxygen radical-activated K+ conductance showed its similarity to the Arabidopsis root K+ outward rectifier. Significantly larger channel activation was found in cells responsible for perceiving environmental signals and undergoing elongation. Quenching root free oxygen radicals inhibited root elongation, confirming the role of radical-activated Ca2+ influx in cell growth. Net free oxygen radical-stimulated Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux were observed in root cells of monocots, dicots, C3 and C4 plants, suggesting conserved mechanisms and functions. In conclusion, two functions for free oxygen radical cation channel activation are proposed: initialization/amplification of stress signals and control of cell elongation in root growth.


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