SuperMaze动物行为视频分析软件原理及应用领域（三）
9. 强迫游泳（force swim test）、悬尾实验（tail test）
Since some mutations cause a deficit in swimming ability, the forced swim test can be used to demonstrate normal swimming and floating ability. The test is most frequently used to examine the "learned helplessness" response common in animal models of depression.
The subject is suspended by the tail for a set interval the percentage of time the subject spends still versus moving is examined for evidence of the "learned helplessness" response common in models of depression.
悬尾实验主要用于抗抑郁、镇静以及止痛类药物的研究。悬尾实验系统适用于大鼠、小鼠或其他实验室动物，通过固定动物尾部使其头向下悬挂，记录处于该环境的动物产生绝望的不动状态过程中的一系列参数。
10. 条件性恐惧实验（fear conditioning）
条件性恐惧分析用于小型啮齿类动物（大、小鼠）环境相关条件性恐惧实验研究。抗抑郁药和抗中枢兴奋药可以明显缩短不动状态持续的时间。实验过程中，实验对象被给与一个声音信号，随后给予电击刺激。该训练称为条件性训练，训练结束后实验动物进行声音信号或环境联系性实验。一般情况下啮齿类动物对相应的环境和不同环境下同样的声音信号都会做出明显的条件性恐惧反应，如静止不动。
The Pavlovian Fear Conditioning task allows for the assessment of
learning and memory regarding aversive events. The task allows for the
simultaneous assessment of learning about simple, unimodal cues and
learning about complex, multimodal stimuli such as context. Fear
conditioning universally depends on the integrity of the amygdala, but
context conditioning is sensitive to manipulations of the hippocampus.
This task has been used extensively to demonstrate both genetically
based impairments and enhancements in learning and memory.
11. 震惊条件反射（startle and pre-pulse inhibition）
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Basic Startle Response |
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In basic startle, startle stimuli of various intensities are presented unexpectedly. Varying startle response and habituation are recorded. |
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Pre-Pulse Inhibition |
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In Pre-Pulse Inhibition (PPI), the startle stimulus is paired with a predictive cue. In normal subjects, the "pre-pulse" cue reduces the startle amplitude. This inhibition of the startle response is known as PPI. Humans and animal models of several disease states are known to have pre-pulse inhibition deficits, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and PTSD. |
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Fear-Potentiated Startle |
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In Fear-Potentiated Startle, the subjects are trained to associate a neutral stimulus, such as a light cue, with an aversive stimulus. When the startle response is tested in the presence of the light cue, the startle amplitude should be potentiated, or increased. |
12．新颖物体识别（novel object recognition）
The subject is habituated to the test chamber and allowed to freely explore for a set time.
A novel object is placed in one of the two enclosures, and the percentage of time the mouse spends in the section with the new object is compared to the time spent in the section with the empty enclosure. In a later session, the time spent with the same object might be compared to time spent with a newer, more novel object.
