氧分子流作为黑头呆鱼胚胎的生理应激指标：一个实时...
氧分子流作为黑头呆鱼胚胎的生理应激指标：一个实时水质生物监测系统
关键词：非损伤微测技术(NMT)，环境监测，氧气(Oxygen flux)，水质
参考文献：Sanchez BC, et al. Environ. Sci. Technol , 2008, 42, 7010-7017
全文下载：http://www.xuyue.net/xylt/attachment.php?aid=93
Abstract:
The detection of harmful chemicals and biological agents in real time is a critical need for protecting freshwater ecosystems. We studied the real-time effects of five environmental contaminants with differing modes of action (atrazine, cadmium chloride, pentachlorophenol, malathion, and potassium cyanide) on respiratory oxygen consumption in 2-day postfertilization fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) eggs. Our objective was to assess the sensitivity of fathead minnow eggs using the self-referencing micro-optrode technique to detect instantaneous changes in oxygen consumption after brief exposures to low concentrations of contaminants. Oxygen consumption data indicated that the technique is indeed sensitive enough to reliably detect physiological alterations induced by four of the five contaminants. After 2 h of exposure, we identified significant increases in oxygen consumption upon exposure to pentachlorophenol (100 and 1000 μg/L), cadmium chloride (0.0002 and 0.002 μg/L), and atrazine (150 μg/L). In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in oxygen flux after exposures to potassium cyanide (44and66μg/L)andatrazine (1500 μg/L). No effects were detected after exposures to malathion (200 and 340 μg/L). Our work is the first step in development of a new technique for physiologically coupled biomonitoring as a sensitive and reliable tool for the detection of environmental toxicants.
| 氧分子流作为黑头呆鱼胚胎的生理应激指标：一个实时水质生物监测系统 |
淡水生态系统的安全与否对于人类来说至关重要，所以实时监测淡水环境中有害化学物质和生物制剂的含量是否超标非常必要。近期，美国普渡大学的科学家使用非损伤微测技术建立了一套实时监测水质的系统。 这项研究报告发表在《环境科学与技术》（Environmental Science and Technology）杂志上，通过非损伤探测方法可以发现多种污染物，如除草剂阿特拉津(atrazine)，其探测敏感性十分有效，甚至能探测到低于美国国家环境保护局(EPA)的标准。该研究在五个不同的模式（包括阿特拉津、氯化镉、五氯酚、马拉硫磷和氰化钾）下对受精后两天的黑头呆鱼胚胎呼吸耗氧量的实时影响，评价黑头呆鱼胚胎处于低浓度污染物时耗氧量瞬间变化的灵敏度。处理两小时后，五氯酚、氯化镉、阿特拉津导致耗氧增加，氰化钾、阿拉特津导致耗氧减少，马拉硫磷处理没有显著影响。 本研究的负责人Marshall Portfield称，这项技术可用于其他有机生命体，如果将胚胎鱼结合使用于瘤细胞，能够检测到潜在的致癌药物，或帮助发现新的治疗目标。普渡大学提出的这一研究理论具有很大的优势，它记录了敏感生命阶段的呼吸作用。这项研究非常令人欣慰，它能够成为保护人类健康的一项潜在应用工具。该研究采用非损伤微测技术l来监测环境毒物的存在，为水质监测提供了新的思路和方法。 |
| 上图： 通过非损伤微测系统检测鱼胚胎的耗氧，在不同污染物处理下氧流不同 |
