TG基因编码的功能和结构描述

甲状腺球蛋白（tg）是一种主要由甲状腺产生的糖蛋白同二聚体。它作为合成甲状腺素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸的底物，以及储存甲状腺激素和碘的非活性形式。甲状腺球蛋白是从内质网分泌到其碘化部位，随后是甲状腺素生物合成，在卵泡腔中。该基因突变导致甲状腺激素单体生成障碍，表现为甲状腺肿，并与中重度先天性甲状腺功能减退症相关。该基因多态性与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（aitd）的易感性有关，如graves病和桥本thryoiditis。

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein homodimer produced predominantly by the thryroid gland. It acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine. Thyroglobulin is secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum to its site of iodination, and subsequent thyroxine biosynthesis, in the follicular lumen. Mutations in this gene cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis, manifested as goiter, and are associated with moderate to severe congenital hypothyroidism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves disease and Hashimoto thryoiditis.