ASTM E1850-04(2012)
水生和沉积物毒性试验中作为试验有机体的残留样品选择的标准指南

Standard Guide for Selection of Resident Species as Test Organisms for Aquatic and Sediment Toxicity Tests

被代替

标准号

ASTM E1850-04(2012)

发布

2004年

发布单位

美国材料与试验协会

替代标准

ASTM E1850-04(2019)

当前最新

ASTM E1850-04(2019)

 

 

引用标准

ASTM D4401 ASTM D4407 ASTM D4556 ASTM D4557 ASTM D4558 ASTM E1191 ASTM E1192 ASTM E1193 ASTM E1210 ASTM E1218 ASTM E1241 ASTM E1367 ASTM E1383 ASTM E1415 ASTM E1440 ASTM E1463 ASTM E1498 ASTM E1525 ASTM E1562 ASTM E1563 ASTM E1611 ASTM E1688 ASTM E1706 ASTM E1913 ASTM E1924 ASTM E2122 ASTM E724 ASTM E729

适用范围

5. Significance and UseTop Bottom

5.1 The USEPA's policy for whole-effluent monitoring stresses, an integrated approach to toxicity testing (1, 5) tests and other measures of toxicity, should be systematically employed and should be related to certain aquatic-system factors, such as the type of habitats available (benthic and water column), flow regime, and physicochemical quality of the site water and sediment. The determination of toxicity is generally accomplished with a few surrogate species for four major reasons: a regulatory agency can compare test results between sites and over time in order to help prioritize enforcement efforts, tests using these species are relatively inexpensive since the organisms can be cultured year-round under laboratory conditions, the reliability of test methods utilizing surrogate species is better established than for other species, and surrogate species are better integrated into toxicity identification evaluations than other species. For regulatory purposes, under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), USEPA considers it unnecessary to conduct whole effluent toxicity tests with resident or indigenous species (6). An alternate testing procedure protocol is provided by USEPA for validating toxicity methods using species not already approved (6,7). In systems where surrogate species are not found, erroneous predictions might be obtained of environmental impact or water and sediment quality impairment based on toxicity tests using surrogate species (8).

5.2 This guide is intended to assist researchers and managers in selecting appropriate resident species for site-specific toxicity assessments. This guide could be used to select a resident species for use in predicting the potential toxic effects of a substance in certain types of aquatic environments. Another use might be for selecting a number of indigenous species from the aquatic community, that when tested, might indicate potential toxic effects of the test substance or material on the ecological integrity of that community. Selection of a suitable test species is very important because species might respond quite differently to toxic compounds (9). Species suggested as test organisms by regulatory agencies might not occur in the receiving waters of interest and their sensitivity to a toxic substance might not be representative of the sensitivity exhibited by resident species. Since aquatic ecosystem structure and function is often determined by a few key species (10, 11, 12, 13), toxicological......

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