13.030.30 (Special wastes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM C1500-02 用无源中子重复计数法对钚进行无损分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the nondestructive assay of plutonium in forms such as metal, oxide, scrap, residue, or waste using passive neutron multiplicity counting. This test method provides rapid results that are usually more accurate than conventional neutron coincidence counting. The method can be applied to a large variety of plutonium items in various geometries in cans, 208-L drums, or 1900-L Standard Waste Boxes. It has been used to assay items whose plutonium content ranges from 1 g to 1000's of g.1.2 There are several electronics or mathematical approaches available for multiplicity analysis, including the shift register, the Euratom Time Correlation Analyzer, and the List Mode Module, as described briefly in Ref. (1).1.3 This test method is primarily intended to address the assay of 240Pu-effective by moments-based multiplicity analysis using shift register electronics (1,2 ) and high efficiency neutron counters specifically designed for multiplicity analysis. This test method requires knowledge of the relative abundances of the plutonium isotopes to determine the total plutonium mass.1.4 This test method may also be applied to modified neutron coincidence counters which were not specifically designed as multiplicity counters, with a corresponding degradation of results.

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium by Passive Neutron Multiplicity Counting

ASTM C1285-02 确定核废物和混合废弃玻璃及多相玻璃陶瓷耐化学性能的标准试验方法:产品一致性试验(PCT)

These test methods provide data useful for evaluating the chemical durability (see 3.1.4) of glass waste forms as measured by elemental release. Accordingly, it may be applicable throughout manufacturing, research, and development. 5.1.1 Test Method A can specifically be used to obtain data to evaluate whether the chemical durability of glass waste forms have been consistently controlled during production (see Table 1). 5.1.2 Test Method B can specifically be used to measure the chemical durability of glass waste forms under various leaching conditions, for example, varying test durations, test temperatures, ratio of sample-surface area (S) to leachant volume (V) (see Appendix X1), and leachant types (see Table 1). Data from this test may form part of the larger body of data that are necessary in the logical approach to long-term prediction of waste form behavior (see Practice C 1174).1.1 These product consistency test methods A and B evaluate the chemical durability of homogeneous glasses, phase separated glasses, devitrified glasses, glass ceramics, and/or multiphase glass ceramic waste forms hereafter collectively referred to as "glass waste forms" by measuring the concentrations of the chemical species released to a test solution.1.1.1 Test Method A is a seven-day chemical durability test performed at 90 177; 2176;C in a leachant of ASTM-Type I water. The test method is static and conducted in stainless steel vessels. Test Method A can specifically be used to evaluate whether the chemical durability and elemental release characteristics of nuclear, hazardous, and mixed glass waste forms have been consistently controlled during production. This test method is applicable to radioactive and simulated glass waste forms as defined above.1.1.2 Test Method B is a durability test that allows testing at various test durations, test temperatures, mesh size, mass of sample, leachant volume, and leachant compositions. This test method is static and can be conducted in stainless steel or PFA TFE-fluorocarbon vessels, or both. Test Method B can specifically be used to evaluate the relative chemical durability characteristics of homogeneous glasses, phase separated glasses, devitrified glasses, glass ceramics, and/or multiphase glass ceramic waste forms. This test method is applicable to radioactive (nuclear) and mixed, hazardous, and simulated waste forms as defined above. Test Method B cannot be used as a consistency test for production of high level radioactive glass waste forms.1.2 These test methods must be performed in accordance with all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear, Hazardous, and Mixed Waste Glasses and Multiphase Glass Ceramics: The Product Consistency Test (PCT)

ASTM C1285-02(2008) 确定核废物和混合废弃玻璃及多相玻璃陶瓷耐化学性能的标准试验方法:产品一致性试验(PCT)

These test methods provide data useful for evaluating the chemical durability (see 3.1.4) of glass waste forms as measured by elemental release. Accordingly, it may be applicable throughout manufacturing, research, and development. Test Method A can specifically be used to obtain data to evaluate whether the chemical durability of glass waste forms have been consistently controlled during production (see Table 1). Test Method B can specifically be used to measure the chemical durability of glass waste forms under various leaching conditions, for example, varying test durations, test temperatures, ratio of sample-surface area (S) to leachant volume (V) (see Appendix X1), and leachant types (see Table 1). Data from this test may form part of the larger body of data that are necessary in the logical approach to long-term prediction of waste form behavior (see Practice C 1174).1.1 These product consistency test methods A and B evaluate the chemical durability of homogeneous glasses, phase separated glasses, devitrified glasses, glass ceramics, and/or multiphase glass ceramic waste forms hereafter collectively referred to as “glass waste forms” by measuring the concentrations of the chemical species released to a test solution. 1.1.1 Test Method A is a seven-day chemical durability test performed at 90 ± 2°C in a leachant of ASTM-Type I water. The test method is static and conducted in stainless steel vessels. Test Method A can specifically be used to evaluate whether the chemical durability and elemental release characteristics of nuclear, hazardous, and mixed glass waste forms have been consistently controlled during production. This test method is applicable to radioactive and simulated glass waste forms as defined above. 1.1.2 Test Method B is a durability test that allows testing at various test durations, test temperatures, mesh size, mass of sample, leachant volume, and leachant compositions. This test method is static and can be conducted in stainless steel or PFA TFE-fluorocarbon vessels, or both. Test Method B can specifically be used to evaluate the relative chemical durability characteristics of homogeneous glasses, phase separated glasses, devitrified glasses, glass ceramics, and/or multiphase glass ceramic waste forms. This test method is applicable to radioactive (nuclear) and mixed, hazardous, and simulated waste forms as defined above. Test Method B cannot be used as a consistency test for production of high level radioactive glass waste forms. 1.2 These test methods must be performed in accordance with all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear, Hazardous, and Mixed Waste Glasses and Multiphase Glass Ceramics: The Product Consistency Test (PCT)

ASTM D5608-01 用于低辐射放射性废弃物场所现场设备净化用标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equipment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surface water, and ground water at waste sites known or suspected of containing low level radioactive wastes. 1.2 This practice is applicable at sites where low level radioactive wastes are known or suspected to exist. This practice may also be applicable for the decontamination of equipment used in known or suspected transuranic, or mixed wastes when used by itself or in conjunction with Practice D5088. 1.3 Procedures are contained in this practice for the decontamination of equipment that comes into contact with the sample matrix (sample contacting equipment), and for ancillary equipment that has not contacted the sample, but may have become contaminated during use (non-contacting equipment). 1.4 This practice is applicable to most conventional sampling equipment constructed of metallic and hard, smooth synthetic materials. Materials with rough or porous surfaces, or having a high sorption rate should not be used in radioactive waste sampling due to the difficulties with decontamination. 1.5 In those cases where sampling will be periodically performed, such as sampling of wells, consideration should be given to the use of dedicated sampling equipment if legitimate concerns exist for the production of undesirable or unmanageable waste byproducts, or both, during the decontamination of tools and equipment. 1.6 This practice does not address regulatory requirements for personnel protection or decontamination, or for the handling, labeling, shipping or storing of wastes, or samples. Specific radiological release requirements and limits must be determined by users in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. 1.7 For additional information see DOE Publication DOE/EH-0256T, DOE Order 5480.5, DOE Order 5480.11, and 10CFR, Part 834. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.

Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites

ASTM D5608-01(2006) 用于低辐射放射性废弃物场所现场设备净化用标准实施规程

The primary objectives of work at low-level radioactive waste sites are the protection of personnel, prevention of the spread of contamination, minimization of additional wastes, protection of sample data quality, and the unconditional release of equipment used. Preventing the contamination of equipment used at low-level radioactive waste sites and the decontamination of contaminated equipment are key aspects of achieving these goals. This practice provides guidance in the planning of work to prevent contamination and when necessary, for the decontamination of equipment that has become contaminated. The benefits include: 5.3.1 Minimizing the spread of contamination within a site and preventing the spread outside of the work area. 5.3.2 Reducing the potential exposure of workers during the work and the subsequent decontamination of equipment. 5.3.3 Minimizing the amounts of additional wastes generated during the work, including liquid, or mixed wastes, including separation of the waste types, such as protective clothing, cleaning equipment, cleaning solutions, and protective wraps and drapes. 5.3.4 Improving the quality of sample data and reliability. This practice may not be applicable to all low-level radioactive waste sites, such as sites containing low-level radioactive wastes mixed with chemical or reactive wastes. Field personnel, with assistance from trained radiological control professionals, should have the flexibility to modify the decontamination procedures with due consideration for the sampling objectives, or if past experience supports alternative procedures for contamination protection or decontamination. This practice does not address the monitoring, protection, or decontamination of personnel working with low-level radioactive wastes. This practice does not address regulatory requirements that may control or restrict work, the need for permits or regulatory approvals, or the accumulation or handling of generated wastes.1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equipment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surface water, and ground water at waste sites known or suspected of containing low level radioactive wastes.1.2 This practice is applicable at sites where low level radioactive wastes are known or suspected to exist. This practice may also be applicable for the decontamination of equipment used in known or suspected transuranic, or mixed wastes when used by itself or in conjunction with Practice D 5088.1.3 Procedures are contained in this practice for the decontamination of equipment that comes into contact with the sample matrix (sample contacting equipment), and for ancillary equipment that has not contacted the sample, but may have become contaminated during use (non-contacting equipment).1.4 This practice is applicable to most conventional sampling equipment constructed of metallic and hard, smooth synthetic materials. Materials with rough or porous surfaces, or having a high sorption rate should not be used in radioactive waste sampling due to the difficulties with decontamination.1.5 In those cases where sampling will be periodically performed, such as sampling of wells, consideration should be given to the use of dedicated sampling equipment if legitimate concerns exist for the production of undesirable or unmanageable waste byproducts, or both, during the decontamination of tools and equipment.1.6 This practice does not address regulatory requirements for personnel protection or decontamination, or for the handling, labeling, shipping or storing of wastes, or samples. Specific radiological release requirements and limits must be determined by users in accordance with local, state and federal regulations.1.7 For additional information s......

Standard Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites

ASTM D6232-00 废弃物和污染介质数据收集活动用取样设备选择的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers criteria that should be considered when selecting sampling equipment for collecting environmental and waste samples for waste management activities. This guide includes a list of equipment that is used and is readily available. Many specialized sampling devices are not specifically included in this guide. However, the factors that should be weighed when choosing any piece of equipment are covered and remain the same for the selection of any piece of equipment. Sampling equipment described in this guide includes automatic samplers, pumps, bailers, tubes, scoops, spoons, shovels, dredges, coring and augering devices. The selection of sampling locations is outside the scope of this guide.1.1.1 Table 1 lists selected equipment and its applicability to sampling matrices, including water (surface and ground), sediments, soils, liquids, multi-layered liquids, mixed solid-liquid phases, and consolidated and unconsolidated solids. The guide does not address specifically the collection of samples of any suspended materials from flowing rivers or streams. Refer to Guide D4411 for more information.1.2 Table 2 presents the same list of equipment and its applicability for use based on compatibility of sample and equipment; volume of the sample required; physical requirements such as power, size, and weight; ease of operation and decontamination; and whether it is reusable or disposable.1.3 Table 3 provides the basis for selection of suitable equipment by the use of an Index.1.4 Lists of advantages and disadvantages of selected sampling devices and line drawings and narratives describing the operation of sampling devices are also provided.1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this guide means only that it has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities

ASTM C1463-00(2007) 化学和放射化学分析用含辐射和混合杂质的溶解玻璃的标准规程

1.1 These practices cover techniques suitable for dissolving glass samples that may contain nuclear wastes. These techniques used together or independently will produce solutions that can be analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), radiochemical methods and wet chemical techniques for major components, minor components and radionuclides.1.2 One of the fusion practices and the microwave practice can be used in hot cells and shielded hoods after modification to meet local operational requirements.1.3 The user of these practices must follow radiation protection guidelines in place for their specific laboratories.1.4 Additional information relating to safety is included in the text.1.5 The dissolution techniques described in these practices can be used for quality control of the feed materials and the product of plants vitrifying nuclear waste materials in glass.1.6 These practices are introduced to provide the user with an alternative means to Test Methods C 169 for dissolution of waste containing glass in shielded facilities. Test Methods C 169 is not practical for use in such facilities and with radioactive materials.1.7 The ICP-AES methods in Test Methods C 1109 and C 1111 can be used to analyze the dissolved sample with additional sample preparation as necessary and with matrix effect considerations. Additional information as to other analytical methods can be found in Test Method C 169.1.8 Solutions from this practice may be suitable for analysis using ICP-MS after establishing laboratory performance criteria.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 18.

Standard Practices for Dissolving Glass Containing Radioactive and Mixed Waste for Chemical and Radiochemical Analysis

ASTM C1463-00 化学和放射化学分析用含辐射和混合杂质的溶解玻璃的标准规程

1.1 These practices cover techniques suitable for dissolving glass samples that may contain nuclear wastes. These techniques used together or independently will produce solutions that can be analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), radiochemical methods and wet chemical techniques for major components, minor components and radionuclides.1.2 One of the fusion practices and the microwave practice can be used in hot cells and shielded hoods after modification to meet local operational requirements.1.3 The user of these practices must follow radiation protection guidelines in place for their specific laboratories.1.4 Additional information relating to safety is included in the text.1.5 The dissolution techniques described in these practices can be used for quality control of the feed materials and the product of plants vitrifying nuclear waste materials in glass.1.6 These practices are introduced to provide the user with an alternative means to Test Methods C 169 for dissolution of waste containing glass in shielded facilities. Test Methods C 169 is not practical for use in such facilities and with radioactive materials.1.7 The ICP-AES methods in Test Methods C 1109 and C 1111 can be used to analyze the dissolved sample with additional sample preparation as necessary and with matrix effect considerations. Additional information as to other analytical methods can be found in Test Method C 169.1.8 Solutions from this practice may be suitable for analysis using ICP-MS after establishing laboratory performance criteria.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .

Standard Practices for Dissolving Glass Containing Radioactive and Mixed Waste for Chemical and Radiochemical Analysis

ASTM D6498-99(2002) 家庭危险废弃物收集方法的培训总揽的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers recommended health and safety training topics for workers at operations for the collection of household hazardous waste or conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste, or both, regardless of the type of collection. Although this guide is intended to protect the worker, public health, and the environment, it is not intended to satisfy all the health and safety training requirements under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976. Additionally, local and state requirements may also vary. Therefore, it is recommended that the operator of a household hazardous waste collection operation also check federal, state, and local regulations for additional requirements.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Household Hazardous Waste Training Outline for Household Hazardous Waste Collection Operations

ASTM D6498-99(2007) 家庭危险废弃物收集方法的培训总揽的标准指南

This guide is written for all persons involved with HHWCs, but especially for those primarily responsible for establishing and providing training to workers at HHWCs. This guide is intended to provide recommended training topics which should be covered during the initial baseline and annual refresher training. The actual topics and depth of training for each worker must be assessed by the HHWC operator on a case-by-case basis with emphasis on the particular job assignment for each worker. The major factors the operator should consider are what are the anticipated hazards to which each worker may be exposed and what are the controls/work practices which the worker must know in order to do his or her job assignments safely. Another factor which the operator must consider is the areas in which each worker is expected to work or the areas to which each worker has access to as part of job assignments. For example, if an administrative assistant only has access to the office area, and never enters the active HHWC area, then training may be limited to required actions as part of the contingency plan. If, however, the administrative assistant is periodically required to enter into the active HHWC area, more detailed training is required based on anticipated hazards which the administrative assistant may be exposed to while in the HHWC area. When deciding on the training topics for the annual refresher training, the HHWC operator must decide on topics in Section 7 which are relevant to the HHWC workers attending the refresher training class. Factors which should be considered are: 4.3.1 Hazards to which the workers may be exposed to, 4.3.2 Changes in the standard operating procedures, contingency plan since the previous training, 4.3.3 Length of time from which a worker has received training in the topics listed in Section 7, and 4.3.4 Identification of incidents, hazards, unsafe conditions, or any other situations which indicate a need to retrain workers in a particular topic to ensure a safe and healthful workplace.1.1 This guide covers recommended health and safety training topics for workers at operations for the collection of household hazardous waste or conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste, or both, regardless of the type of collection. Although this guide is intended to protect the worker, public health, and the environment, it is not intended to satisfy all the health and safety training requirements under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976. Additionally, local and state requirements may also vary. Therefore, it is recommended that the operator of a household hazardous waste collection operation also check federal, state, and local regulations for additional requirements.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Household Hazardous Waste Training Outline for Household Hazardous Waste Collection Operations

ASTM D6160-98 气相色谱法测定废料中多氯代联苯的标准试验方法

1.1 this test method is a two-tiered analytical approach to PCB screening and quantitation of liquid and solid wastes, such as oils, sludges, aqueous solutions, and other waste matrices.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatography

ASTM C1109-98 使用电感耦合等离子-原子发射光谱法对核废料中浸出液分析试验方法

1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of low concentration and trace elements in aqueous leachate solutions produced by the leaching of nuclear waste materials. 1.2 The nuclear waste material may be a simulated (nonradioactive) solid waste form or an actual solid radioactive waste material. 1.3 The leachate may be deionized water or any natural or simulated leachate solution containing less than 1% total dissolved solids. 1.4 The analysis must be conducted with an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates from Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D6160-98(2008) 气相色谱法测定废料中多氯联苯的标准试验方法

This test method provides sufficient PCB data for many regulatory requirements. While the most common regulatory level is 50 ppm (dry weight corrected), lower limits are used in some locations. Since sensitivities will vary for different types of samples, one shall demonstrate a sufficient method detection limit for the matrix of interest. This test method differs from Test Method D 4059 in that it provides for more sample clean-up options, utilizes a capillary column for better pattern recognition and interference discrimination, and includes both a qualitative screening and a quantitative results option. 1.1 This test method covers a two-tiered analytical approach to PCB screening and quantitation of liquid and solid wastes, such as oils, sludges, aqueous solutions, and other waste matrices. 1.2 Tier I is designed to screen samples rapidly for the presence of PCBs. 1.3 Tier II is used to determine the concentration of PCBs, typically in the range of from 2 to 50 mg/kg. PCB concentrations greater than 50 mg/kg are determined through analysis of sample dilutions. 1.4 This is a pattern recognition approach, which does not take into account individual congeners that might occur, such as in reaction by-products. This test method describes the use of Aroclors 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and 1268, as reference standards, but others could also be included. Aroclors 1016 and 1242 have similar capillary gas chromatography (GC) patterns. Interferences or weathering are especially problematic with Aroclors 1016, 1232, and 1242 and may make distinction between the three difficult. 1.5 This test method provides sample clean up and instrumental conditions necessary for the determination of Aroclors. Gas chromatography (GC) using capillary column separation technique and electron capture detector (ECD) are described. Other detectors, such as atomic emission detector (AED) and mass spectrometry (MS), may be used if sufficient performance (for example, sensitivity) is demonstrated. Further details about the use of GC and ECD are provided in Practices E 355, E 697, and E 1510. 1.6 Quantitative results are reported on the dry weights of waste samples. 1.7 Quantification limits will vary depending on the type of waste stream being analyzed. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D6160-98(2013) 采用气相色谱法测定废料中多氯联苯(PCB)的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides sufficient PCB data for many regulatory requirements. While the most common regulatory level is 50 ppm (dry weight corrected), lower limits are used in some locations. Since sensitivities will vary for different types of samples, one shall demonstrate a sufficient method detection limit for the matrix of interest. 5.2 This test method differs from Test Method D4059 in that it provides for more sample clean-up options, utilizes a capillary column for better pattern recognition and interference discrimination, and includes both a qualitative screening and a quantitative results option. 1.1 This test method2 covers a two-tiered analytical approach to PCB screening and quantitation of liquid and solid wastes, such as oils, sludges, aqueous solutions, and other waste matrices. 1.2 Tier I is designed to screen samples rapidly for the presence of PCBs. 1.3 Tier II is used to determine the concentration of PCBs, typically in the range of from 2 to 50 mg/kg. PCB concentrations greater than 50 mg/kg are determined through analysis of sample dilutions. 1.4 This is a pattern recognition approach, which does not take into account individual congeners that might occur, such as in reaction by-products. This test method describes the use of Aroclors3 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and 1268, as reference standards, but others could also be included. Aroclors 1016 and 1242 have similar capillary gas chromatography (GC) patterns. Interferences or weathering are especially problematic with Aroclors 1016, 1232, and 1242 and may make distinction between the three difficult. 1.5 This test method provides sample clean up and instrumental conditions necessary for the determination of Aroclors. Gas chromatography (GC) using capillary column separation technique and electron capture detector (ECD) are described. Other detectors, such as atomic emission detector (AED) and mass spectrometry (MS), may be used if sufficient performance (for example, sensitivity) is demonstrated. Further details about the use of GC and ECD are provided in Practices E355, E697, and E1510. 1.6 Quantitative results are reported on the dry weights of waste samples. 1.7 Quantification limits will vary depending on the type of waste stream being analyzed. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.9 This standard does n......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatography

ASTM C1174-97 包括地质处理高级核废料在内的废料包装材料长期使用性能的预测的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers steps for the development of methods to aid in the prediction of the long-term behavior of waste package materials and waste forms used in the geologic disposal of high-level nuclear waste. 1.1.1 These steps include problem definition, testing, and modelling. 1.1.2 The predictions will be based on models derived from interpretation of data obtained from tests and appropriate analogs. 1.1.3 These tests may include but are not limited to the following: 1.1.3.1 Attribute tests, 1.1.3.2 Characterization tests, 1.1.3.3 Accelerated tests, 1.1.3.4 Service condition tests, 1.1.3.5 Analog tests, and 1.1.3.6 Confirmation tests. 1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide information to serve as part of the basis for performance assessment of a geologic repository. 1.3 This practice does not cover other methods of making predictions such as use of peer judgments. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Prediction of the Long-Term Behavior of Waste Package Materials Including Waste Forms Used in the Geologic Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste

ASTM D6052-97(2003) 通过能量分散X-射线荧光性对液体有害废物制备和元素分析的标准试验方法

The elemental analysis of liquid hazardous waste is often important for regulatory and process specific requirements. This test method provides the user an accurate, rapid method for trace and major element determinations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace and major element concentrations by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) in liquid hazardous waste (LHW). 1.2 This test method has been used successfully on numerous samples of aqueous and organic-based LHW for the determination of the following elements: Ag, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, T1, V, and Zn. 1.3 This test method is applicable for other elements (Si-U) not listed in 1.2. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Preparation and Elemental Analysis of Liquid Hazardous Waste by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

ASTM D6050-97(2003)e1 有机液体有害废物中不溶固体测定的标准试验方法

Facilities utilizing bulk liquid hazardous waste fuels are concerned about material handling characteristics and the overall quality of the fuel. A high percentage of insoluble, suspended solid material can create pumping, filtering, or grinding difficulties in the off-loading of bulk shipments of OLHW and can contribute to excessive wear on processing equipment. High solids can also decrease the quality and consistency of commingled fuel by decreasing the effectiveness of agitation in storage tanks.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate amount of insoluble, suspended solid material in organic liquid hazardous waste (OLHW). 1.2 This test method is intended to be used in approximating the amount of insoluble, suspended solids in determining the material handling characteristics and fuel quality of OLHW. It is not intended to replace more sophisticated procedures for the determination of total solids. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Insoluble Solids in Organic Liquid Hazardous Waste

ASTM C1285-97 确定核废物和混合废弃玻璃耐化学性能的标准试验方法:产品一致性试验(PCT)

1.1 These product consistency test methods A and B evaluate the chemical durability of homogeneous and devitrified glasses by measuring the concentrations of the chemical species released from a crushed glass to a test solution. 1.1.1 Test Method A is a seven-day crushed glass durability test performed at 90 + 2176C in a leachant of ASTM-Type I water. The test method is static and conducted in stainless steel vessels. Test Method A can specifically be used to evaluate whether the durability and elemental release characteristics of waste glasses have been consistently controlled during production. This test method is applicable to radioactive and simulated waste glasses. 1.1.2 Test Method B is a crushed glass durability test that allows testing of water glasses at varying test durations, test temperatures, ratios of glass surface area ( ) to leachant volume ( ), and leachant types. This test method is static and can be conducted in stainless steel or PFA TFE-fluorocarbon vessels, or both. Test Method B can specifically be used to evaluate the relative durability characteristics of homogeneous or devitrified glasses, or both. This test method is applicable to radioactive and simulated waste glasses. Test Method B cannot be used as a consistency test for production of high level radioactive waste glass. 1.2 These test methods must be performed in accordance with all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear, Hazardous, and Mixed Waste Glasses: The Product Consistency Test (PCT)

ASTM C1207-97 无源中子复合计数法测定废弃物中钚的无损检验试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the nondestructive assay of scrap or waste for plutonium content using passive thermal-neutron coincidence counting. This test method provides rapid results and can be applied to a variety of carefully sorted materials in containers as large as 208-L drums. It has been used to assay items whose plutonium content ranges from 0.01 to 6000 g. 1.2 This test method requires knowledge of the relative abundances of the plutonium isotopes to determine the total plutonium mass. 1.3 This test method may not be applicable to the assay of scrap or waste containing other spontaneously fissioning nuclides. 1.4 This test method assumes the use of shift-register-based coincidence electronics (1). 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium in Scrap and Waste by Passive Neutron Coincidence Counting

ASTM E1689-95(2008) 建立污染场所现场理论模型的标准指南

p>The information gained through the site investigation is used to characterize the physical, biological, and chemical systems existing at a site. The processes that determine contaminant releases, contaminant migration, and environmental receptor exposure to contaminants are described and integrated in a conceptual site model. Development of this model is critical for determining potential exposure routes (for example, ingestion and inhalation) and for suggesting possible effects of the contaminants on human health and the environment. Uncertainties associated with the conceptual site model need to be identified clearly so that efforts can be taken to reduce these uncertainties to acceptable levels. Early versions of the model, which are usually based on limited or incomplete information, will identify and emphasize the uncertainties that should be addressed. The conceptual site model is used to integrate all site information and to determine whether information including data are missing (data gaps) and whether additional information needs to be collected at the site. The model is used furthermore to facilitate the selection of remedial alternatives and to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions in reducing the exposure of environmental receptors to contaminants. This guide is not meant to replace regulatory requirements for conducting environmental site characterizations at contaminated (including radiologically contaminated) sites. It should supplement existing guidance and promote a uniform approach to developing conceptual site models. This guide is meant to be used by all those involved in developing conceptual site models. This should ideally include representatives from all phases of the investigative and remedial process, for example, preliminary assessment, remedial investigation, baseline human health and ecological risk assessments, and feasibility study. The conceptual site model should be used to enable experts from all disciplines to communicate effectively with one another, resolve issues concerning the site, and facilitate the decision-making process. The steps in the procedure for developing conceptual site models include elements sometimes referred to collectively as site characterization. Although not within the scope of this guide, the conceptual site model can be used during site remediation.1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the development of conceptual site models to be used for the following: (1) integration of technical information from various sources, (2) support the selection of sample locations for establishing background concentrations of substances, (3) identify data needs and guide data collection activities, and (4) evaluate the risk to human health and the environment posed by a contaminated site. This guide generally describes the major components of conceptual site models, provides an outline for developing models, and presents an example of the parts of a model. This guide does not provide a detailed description of a site-specific conceptual site model because conditions at contaminated sites can vary greatly from one site to another. 1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This guide is intended to apply to any contaminated site. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for Contaminated Sites