13.030.30 (Special wastes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5830-95(2006) 用气体色谱法进行危验废料溶剂分析的标准试验方法

This test method is useful in identifying the major solvent constituents in hazardous waste samples. This test method is designed to support field or site assessments, recycling operations, plant operations, or pollution control programs.1.1 This test method is used to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of the following compounds in waste samples using gas chromatography. This test method is designed for use as a screening method with a typical reporting level of 0.1 %.1.1.1 This compound list is a compilation of hazardous solvents and other constituents that are routinely seen in hazardous waste samples.1.2 The scope of this test method may be expanded to include other volatile and semivolatile organic constituents.1.2.1 Hydrocarbon mixtures such as kerosene and mineral spirits.1.2.2 High-boiling organics, defined here as compounds which boil above n-Hexadecane.1.2.3 Other organics that the analyst is able to identify, either through retention time data or gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis.1.3 Gas chromatographic methods are recommended for use only by, or under close supervision of, an experienced analyst.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Solvents Analysis in Hazardous Waste Using Gas Chromatography

ASTM E1689-95(2003)e1 建立污染场所现场理论模型的标准导则

1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the development of conceptual site models to be used for the following: (1) integration of technical information from various sources, (2) support the selection of sample locations for establishing background concentrations of substances, (3) identify data needs and guide data collection activities, and (4) evaluate the risk to human health and the environment posed by a contaminated site. This guide generally describes the major components of conceptual site models, provides an outline for developing models, and presents an example of the parts of a model. This guide does not provide a detailed description of a site-specific conceptual site model because conditions at contaminated sites can vary greatly from one site to another.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This guide is intended to apply to any contaminated site.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for Contaminated Sites

ASTM D5659-95(2006) 使用高效液相色谱法的废水中氯苯氧基酸除莠剂的标准试验方法

Phenoxy acid herbicides are used extensively for weed control. Esters and salts of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and Silvex have been used for agricultural crop and lawn care.1.1 This test method covers the analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (silvex) in liquids and solids, using high performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC/UV). This test method is applicable for a concentration range from approximately 50 to 1000 ppm. This range takes into consideration the sample preparation and dilutions outlined in Section . Lower detection levels can be obtained by using larger sample sizes, smaller total final volumes, or with the use of in-line or solid phase extraction, concentration, and/or cleanup.1.2 The chlorophenoxy herbicides may be present as a variety of salts or esters, which are converted to, analyzed, and reported as their respective acids.1.3 This test method is applicable to liquid and solid waste and waste extract matrices including aqueous, oil, spent solvent, soil, ash, leachates, etc.1.4 This test method may be applicable to other phenoxy acid herbicides.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section and for specific precautionary statements.

Standard Test Method for Chlorophenoxy Acid Herbicides in Waste Using HPLC

ASTM E1689-95(2014) 制定关于污染场地概念场地模型的标准指南

5.1 The information gained through the site investigation is used to characterize the physical, biological, and chemical systems existing at a site. The processes that determine contaminant releases, contaminant migration, and environmental receptor exposure to contaminants are described and integrated in a conceptual site model. 5.2 Development of this model is critical for determining potential exposure routes (for example, ingestion and inhalation) and for suggesting possible effects of the contaminants on human health and the environment. Uncertainties associated with the conceptual site model need to be identified clearly so that efforts can be taken to reduce these uncertainties to acceptable levels. Early versions of the model, which are usually based on limited or incomplete information, will identify and emphasize the uncertainties that should be addressed. 5.3 The conceptual site model is used to integrate all site information and to determine whether information including data are missing (data gaps) and whether additional information needs to be collected at the site. The model is used furthermore to facilitate the selection of remedial alternatives and to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions in reducing the exposure of environmental receptors to contaminants. 5.4 This guide is not meant to replace regulatory requirements for conducting environmental site characterizations at contaminated (including radiologically contaminated) sites. It should supplement existing guidance and promote a uniform approach to developing conceptual site models. 5.5 This guide is meant to be used by all those involved in developing conceptual site models. This should ideally include representatives from all phases of the investigative and remedial process, for example, preliminary assessment, remedial investigation, baseline human health and ecological risk assessments, and feasibility study. The conceptual site model should be used to enable experts from all disciplines to communicate effectively with one another, resolve issues concerning the site, and facilitate the decision-making process. 5.6 The steps in the procedure for developing conceptual site models include elements sometimes referred to collectively as site characterization. Although not within the scope of this guide, the conceptual site model can be used during site remediation. 1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the development of conceptual site models to be used for the following: ( 1) integration of technical information from various sources, (2) support the selection of sample locations for establishing background concentrations of substances, (3) identify data needs and guide data collection activities, and (4 ) evaluate the risk to human health and the environment posed by a contaminated site. This guide generally describes the major components of conceptual site models, provides an outline for developing models, and presents an example of the parts of a model. This guide does not provide a detailed description of a site-specific conceptual site model because conditions at contaminated sites can vary greatly from one site to another. 1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values......

Standard Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for Contaminated Sites

ASTM D5608-94 用于低水平放射性废物场所的现场设备去污染标准规范

1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equipment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surface water, and ground water at waste sites known or suspected of containing low level radioactive wastes. 1.2 This practice is applicable at sites where low level radioactive wastes are known or suspected to exist. This practice may also be applicable for the decontamination of equipment used in known or suspected transuranic, or mixed wastes when used by itself or in conjunction with Practice D5088. 1.3 Procedures are contained in this practice for the decontamination of equipment that comes into contact with the sample matrix (sample contacting equipment), and for ancillary equipment that has not contacted the sample, but may have become contaminated during use (non-contacting equipment). 1.4 This practice is applicable to most conventional sampling equipment constructed of metallic and hard, smooth synthetic materials. Materials with rough or porous surfaces, or having a high sorption rate should not be used in radioactive waste sampling due to the difficulties with decontamination. 1.5 In those cases where sampling will be periodically performed, such as sampling of wells, consideration should be given to the use of dedicated sampling equipment if legitimate concerns exist for the production of undesirable or unmanageable waste byproducts, or both, during the decontamination of tools and equipment. 1.6 This practice does not address regulatory requirements for personnel protection or decontamination, or for the handling, labeling, shipping or storing of wastes, or samples. Specific radiological release requirements and limits must be determined by users in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. 1.7 For additional information see DOE Publication DOE/EH-0256T, DOE Order 5480.5, DOE Order 5480.11, and 10CFR, Part 834. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.

Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites

ASTM D5530-94(1998) 用Karl Fischer滴定法测定有害废油总水份的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination by Karl Fischer (KF) titrimetry of total moisture in solid or liquid hazardous waste fuels used by industrial furnaces. 1.2 This test method has been used successfully on numerous samples of hazardous waste fuel composed of solvents, spent oils, paints, and pigments. The expected range of applicability for this test method is between 1.0 and 100%; however, this evaluation was limited to samples containing approximately 5 to 50% water. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Moisture of Hazardous Waste Fuel by Karl Fischer Titrimetry

ASTM C1144-89(1997) 易碎核废料模壳的劈裂抗拉强度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used to measure the static splitting tensile strength of cylindrical specimens of brittle nuclear waste forms. It provides splitting tensile-strength data that can be used to compare the strength of waste forms when tests are done on one size of specimen. 1.2 The test method is applicable to glass, ceramic, and concrete waste forms that are sufficiently homogeneous (Note 1) but not to coated-particle, metal-matrix, bituminous, or plastic waste forms, or concretes with large-scale heterogeneities. Cementitious waste forms with heterogeneities >1 to 2 mm and lt;5 mm can be tested using this procedure provided the specimen size is increased from the reference size of 12.7 mm diameter by 6 mm length, to 51 mm diameter by 100 mm length, as recommended in Test Method C496 and Practice C192. Note 1-Generally, the specimen structural or microstructural heterogeneities must be less than about one-tenth the diameter of the specimen. 1.3 This test method can be used as a quality control check on brittle waste forms and may be useful for optimizing waste form processing. Meaningful comparison of waste forms, however, requires data obtained on specimens of one size. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength for Brittle Nuclear Waste Forms

ASTM C1144-89(2004) 易碎核废料模壳张裂强度试验方法

The splitting tensile-strength test can be used only on brittle waste materials such as ceramics, glass, concrete, or other materials that also have tensile fracture strengths that are less than one third of the compression strengths. The test cannot be used for metal-matrix, bituminous, plastic, or coated-particle waste forms. The strength values derived from this test cannot be applied to compressive-stress impact failure. The results apply only to tensile-stress failure. A separate compression-strength test, in which a cylindrical specimen is loaded on the flat surfaces, is required to determine compression strength along the lines of Test Methods C 39, D 2938, and C 773. Failures caused by impact must be determined in a separate test. This test method is applicable only to brittle solids because these are the only materials that fail under a definable stress state for the test specimen geometry and loading. For instance, extensive local shearing at or near the loading points that will also occur for plastically deformable solids, such as ductile metals or viscous polymers, will change the stress distribution sufficiently to invalidate the elastic-stress calculation used to obtain the tensile stress across the vertical fracture plane. Ductile materials will not, in many cases, fracture in the test. The effect of specimen size on the measured strength of brittle materials is not determined by this test method. In some materials, such as concretes, heterogeneities may be so large that tests on larger specimens are more representative. Testing along the lines of Test Method C 496 may then be appropriate to measure splitting tensile strength. This test method does not determine the effects of time and environment on strength, nor does it address failure under long-duration static loading. This test method can be used as a quality-control check and for optimizing waste form processing.1.1 This test method is used to measure the static splitting tensile strength of cylindrical specimens of brittle nuclear waste forms. It provides splitting tensile-strength data that can be used to compare the strength of waste forms when tests are done on one size of specimen.1.2 The test method is applicable to glass, ceramic, and concrete waste forms that are sufficiently homogeneous (Note 1) but not to coated-particle, metal-matrix, bituminous, or plastic waste forms, or concretes with large-scale heterogeneities. Cementitious waste forms with heterogeneities >1 to 2 mm and 5 mm can be tested using this procedure provided the specimen size is increased from the reference size of 12.7 mm diameter by 6 mm length, to 51 mm diameter by 100 mm length, as recommended in Test Method C 496 and Practice C 192. Note 18212;Generally, the specimen structural or microstructural heterogeneities must be less than about one-tenth the diameter of the specimen.1.3 This test method can be used as a quality control check on brittle waste forms and may be useful for optimizing waste form processing. Meaningful comparison of waste forms, however, requires data obtained on specimens of one size.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength for Brittle Nuclear Waste Forms

ASTM D4447-84(2003) 实验室化学品和样品处置标准指南

1.1 This guide is intended to provide the chemical laboratory manager with guidelines for the disposal of small quantities of laboratory wastes safely and in an environmentally sound manner. This guide is applicable to laboratories that generate small quantities of chemical or toxic wastes. Generally, such tasks include, but are not limited to, analytical chemistry, process control, and research or life science laboratories. It would be impossible to address the disposal of all waste from all types of laboratories. This guide is intended to address the more common laboratory waste streams.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples