13.060.10 (Water of natural resources) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6000-15 从地下水位置介绍水位信息的标准指南

5.1 Determining the potentiometric surface of an area is essential for the preliminary planning of any type of construction, land use, environmental investigations, or remediation projects that may influence an aquifer. 5.1.1 The potentiometric surface in the proposed impacted aquifer must be known to properly plan for the construction of a water withdrawal or recharge facility, for example, a well. The method of construction of structures, such as buildings, can be controlled by the depth of the groundwater near the project. Other projects built below land surface, such as mines and tunnels, are influenced by the hydraulic head. 5.2 Monitoring the trend of the groundwater table in an aquifer over a period of time, whether for days or decades, is essential for any permanently constructed facility that directly influences the aquifer, for example, a waste disposal site or a production well. 5.2.1 Long-term monitoring helps interpret the direction and rate of movement of water and other fluids from recharge wells and pits or waste disposal sites. Monitoring also assists in determining the effects of withdrawals on the stored quantity of water in the aquifer, the trend of the water table throughout the aquifer, and the amount of natural recharge to the aquifer. 5.3 This guide describes the basic tabular and graphic methods of presenting groundwater levels for a single groundwater site and several sites over the area of a project. These methods were developed by hydrologists to assist in the interpretation of hydraulic-head data. 5.3.1 The tabular methods help in the comparison of raw data and modified numbers. 5.3.2 The graphical methods visually display seasonal trends controlled by precipitation, trends related to artificial withdrawals from or recharge to the aquifer, interrelationship of withdrawal and recharge sites, rate and direction of water movement in the aquifer, and other events influencing the aquifer. 5.4 Presentation techniques resulting from extensive computational methods, specifically the mathematical models and the determination of aquifer characteristics, are contained in the ASTM standards listed in Section 2. 1.1 This guide covers and summarizes methods for the presentation of water-level data from groundwater sites. 1.2 The study of the water table in aquifers helps in the interpretation of the amount of water available for withdrawal, aquifer tests, movement of water through the aquifers, and the effects of natural and human-induced forces on the aquifers. 1.3 A single water level measured at a groundwater site gives the height of water at one vertical position in a well or borehole at a finite instant in time. This is information that can be used for preliminary planning in the construction of a well or other facilities, such as disposal pits. Hydraulic head can also b......

Standard Guide for Presentation of Water-Level Information from Groundwater Sites

ASTM F1280-14 使用表面清洗剂的生态考量标准指南: 不透水表面

4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events. 4.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances. 1.1 This guide covers the use of surface washing agents to assist in the cleanup of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 In making surface washing agent use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.3 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of chemical surface washing agents is considered. 1.4 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual surface washing agents or between different oil products are not considered. 1.5 This guide applies only to impermeable surfaces. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Impermeable Surfaces

ASTM D5472/D5472M-14 在控制井上测定比容和评定过滤系数的标准试验方法

5.1 Assumptions of the Theis (1) equation affect specific capacity and transmissivity estimated from specific capacity. These assumptions are given below: 5.1.1 Aquifer is homogeneous and isotropic. 5.1.2 Aquifer is horizontal, of uniform thickness, and infinite in areal extent. 5.1.3 Aquifer is confined by impermeable strata on its upper and lower boundaries. 5.1.4 Density gradient in the flowing fluid must be negligible and the viscous resistance to flow must obey Darcy''s Law. 5.1.5 Control well penetrates and receives water equally from the entire thickness of the aquifer. 5.1.6 Control well has an infinitesimal diameter. 5.1.7 Control well discharges at a constant rate. 5.1.8 Control well operates at 100 percent efficiency. 5.1.9 Aquifer remains saturated throughout the duration of pumping. 5.2 Implications of Assumptions and Limitations of Method. 5.2.1 The simplifying assumptions necessary for solution of the Theis equation and application of the method are never fully met in a field test situation. The satisfactory use of the method may depend upon the application of one or more empirical correction factors being applied to the field data. 5.2.2 Generally the values of transmissivity derived from specific capacity vary from those values determined from aquifer tests utilizing observation wells. These differences may reflect 1) that specific-capacity represents the response of a small part of the aquifer near the well and may be greatly influenced by conditions near the well such as a gravel pack or graded material resulting from well development, and 2) effects of well efficiency and partial penetration. 5.2.3 The values of transmissivity estimated from specific capacity data are considered less accurate than values obtained from analysis of drawdowns that are observed some distance from the pumped well. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice ......

Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Capacity and Estimating Transmissivity at the Control Well

ASTM F1210-14 在淡水和其他内河环境(湖泊和大片水域)使用溢油分散剂的生态考量标准指南

3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events. 3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance. 1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as a “last resort” after all other methods have failed. 1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. 1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts). 1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters. 1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

ASTM F1788-14 水上溢油的现场燃烧用标准指南: 环境和操作事项

4.1 This guide is primarily intended to aid decision-makers and spill-responders in contingency planning, spill response, and training. 4.2 This guide is not specific to either site or type of oil. 1.1 This guide covers the use of in-situ burning to assist in the control of oil spills on water. This guide is not applicable to in-situ burning of oil on land. 1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that will enable spill responders to decide if burning will be used as part of the oil spill cleanup response. Other standards address the use of ignition devices (Guide F1990), the use of fire-resistant boom (Guide F2152), the use of burning in ice conditions (Guide F2230), the application of in-situ burning in ships (Guide F2533), and the use of in-situ burning in marshes (Guide F2823). 1.3 This is a general guide only. It is assumed that conditions at the spill site have been assessed and that these conditions are suitable for the burning of oil. It is also assumed that permission to burn the oil has been obtained from appropriate regulatory authorities. Variations in the behavior of different oil types are not dealt with and may change some of the parameters noted in this guide. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4.1 Exception—Alternate units are included in 7.5, 7.7, and 7.8. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and Operational Considerations

ASTM F1231-14 在淡水和其他内河环境(河流和小溪)使用溢油分散剂的生态考量标准指南

3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events. 3.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances. 1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have failed. 1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. 1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts). 1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters. 1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Rivers and Creeks

ASTM D4050-14 蓄水系统水力特性测定用排出和注射井试验(现场程序)的标准试验方法

5.1 Withdrawal or injection well test field procedures are used with appropriate analytical procedures in appropriate hydrogeological sites to determine transmissivity and storage coefficient of aquifers and hydraulic conductivity of confining beds. 5.2 Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this test method. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 5.3 This test method may be limited due to the correspondence between the field situation determined by this test method and the simplifying assumptions of the analytical Test Methods D4106 or D4106 and D4043. 1.1 This test method covers the field procedure for selecting well locations, controlling change (discharge or injection) rates, and measuring water levels used to analyze the hydraulic properties of an aquifer or aquifers and adjacent confining beds. 1.2 This test method is used in conjunction with an analytical procedure such as Test Methods D4105 or D4106 to evaluate the data and determine aquifer properties. 1.3 The appropriate field and analytical procedures are selected as described in Guide D4043. 1.4 Limitations—The limitations of this test method are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation determined by this test method and the simplifying assumptions of the analytical Test Methods D4105 or D4106 and D4043. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to b......

Standard Test Method for 40;Field Procedure41; for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems

ASTM D5872/D5872M-13 地下水质量监测设备安装和地质环境勘探用套管先进钻探方法使用的标准指南

4.1 Casing advancement may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in both unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Casing-advancement systems and procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and instrumentation installations consist of direct air-rotary drilling utilizing conventional rotary bits or a down-the-hole hammer drill with underreaming capability, in combination with a drill-through casing driver.Note 1—Direct air-rotary drilling uses pressured air for circulation of drill cuttings. In some instances, water or foam additives, or both, may be injected into the air stream to improve cuttings-lifting capacity and cuttings return. The use of air under high pressures may cause fracturing of the formation materials or extreme erosion of the borehole if drilling pressures and techniques are not carefully maintained and monitored. If borehole damage becomes apparent, consideration to other drilling method(s) should be given. 4.1.1 Casing-advancement methods allow for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices and collection of water-quality samples at any depth(s) during drilling. 4.1.2 Other advantages of casing-advancement drilling methods include: the capability of drilling without the introduction of any drilling fluid(s) to the subsurface; maintenance of hole stability for sampling purposes and monitor-well installation/construction in poorly-indurated to unconsolidated materials. 4.1.3 The user of casing-advancement drilling for geoenvironmental exploration and monitoring-device installations should be cognizant of both the physical (temperature and airborne particles) and chemical (compressor lubricants and possible fluid additives) qualities of compressed air that may be used as the circulating medium. 4.2 The application of casing-advancement drilling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve soil or rock sampling, or in-situ soil, rock, or pore-fluid testing. The user may install a monitoring device within the same borehole wherein sampling, in-situ or pore-fluid testing, or coring was performed. 4.3 The subsurface water-quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened- or porous-intake device and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and low-permeability backfill to deter the movement of fluids or infiltration of surface water between hydrologic units penetrated by the borehole (see Practice D5092). Inasmuch as a piezometer is primarily a device used for measuring subsurface hydraulic heads, the conversion of a piezometer to a water-quality monitoring device should be made only after consideration of the overall quality and integrity of the installation to include the quality of materials that will contact sampled water or gas. Both water-quality monitoring devices and piezometers should have adequate casing seals, annular isolation seals and backfills to deter communication of contaminants between hydrologic units. Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered cap......

Standard Guide for Use of Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

ASTM D5521/D5521M-13 开发土壤蓄水层中地下水监控井的标准指南

4.1 A properly designed, installed, and developed groundwater monitoring well, constructed in accordance with Practice D5092 should provide the following: representative samples of groundwater that can be analyzed to determine physical properties and water-quality parameters of the sample or potentiometric levels that are representative of the total hydraulic head of that portion of the aquifer screened by the well, or both. Such a well may also be utilized for conducting aquifer tests used for the purpose of determining the hydraulic properties of the geologic materials in which the well has been completed. 4.2 Well development is an important component of monitoring well completion. Monitoring wells installed in aquifers should be sufficiently developed to ensure that they serve their intended objectives. Well development methods vary with the physical characteristics of the geologic formation in which the monitoring well is screened, the construction details of the well, the drilling method used during the construction of the borehole in which the well is installed, and the quality of the water. The development method for each individual monitoring well should be selected from among the several methods described in this guide and should be employed by the well construction contractor or the person responsible for monitoring well completion. 4.3 The importance of well development in monitoring wells cannot be overestimated; all too often development is not performed or is carried out inadequately. Proper and careful well development will improve the ability of most monitoring wells to provide representative, unbiased chemical and hydraulic data. The additional time and money spent performing this important step in monitoring well completion will minimize the potential for damaging pumping equipment and in-situ sensors, and increase the probability that groundwater samples are representative of water contained in the monitored formation. Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this guide.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1 This guide covers the development of screened wells installed for the purpose of obtaining representative groundwater information and water quality samples from granular aquifers, though the methods described herein could also be applied to wells used for other purposes. Other well-development methods that are used exclusively in open-borehole bedrock wells are not described in this guide. 1.2 The applications and limitations of the methods described in this guide are based on the assumption that the primary objective of the monitoring wells to which the methods are applied is to obtain representative water quality samples from aquifers. Screened monitoring wells developed using the methods described in this guide should yield relatively sediment-free samples from granular aquifer materials, ranging from gravels to silty sands. While many monitoring wells are considered “small-diameter” wells (that is, less than 10 cm [4 in.] inside diamet......

Standard Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers

ASTM D5718-13 地下水流型应用文献加工标准导则

4.1 Groundwater flow models are tools frequently applied for the analysis of hydrogeologic systems. Due to the significance of many decisions based upon modeling results, quality assurance measures need to be applied to model applications. Complete model documentation is a mechanism to ensure the quality of the effort. 4.2 Several federal and state agencies have developed policies regarding model documentation. This guide provides consistency amongst current policies, and should be used as a framework for model documentation. 1.1 This guide covers suggested components to be included in documenting and archival of numerical groundwater flow model applications. Model documentation includes a written and graphical presentation of model assumptions and objectives, the conceptual model, code description, model construction, model calibration, predictive simulations, and conclusions. Model archival refers to a file or set of files (in both written and digital format) that contains logs of significant model simulations (that is, calibration, sensitivity and prediction simulations), supplemental calculations, model documentation, a copy of the model source code(s) or executable file(s) used, or both, and input and output data sets for significant model simulations. 1.2 This guide presents the major steps in preparing the documentation and archival for a groundwater flow model application. Additional information on groundwater model documentation can be found in EPA-500-B-92-006.2 1.3 This guide is specifically written for saturated, uniform density, groundwater flow model applications. The elements presented for documentation and archival are relevant and applicable to a wide range of modeled processes (in and out of the realm of groundwater flow) and can be tailored for those applications. 1.4 This guide is not intended to be all inclusive. Each model application is unique and may require supplementary documentation and archival. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Flow Model Application

ASTM D5784/D5784M-13 亚表层水质监测设备安装和地质环境勘探用中空螺旋钻使用的标准指南

4.1 Hollow-stem auger drilling may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration (Practice D3550, Test Method D4428/D4428M) and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in unconsolidated materials. Hollow-stem auger drilling may be selected over other methods based on the advantages over other methods. These advantages include: the ability to drill without the addition of drilling fluid(s) to the subsurface, and hole stability for sampling purposes (see Test Method D1586 and Practices D1587, D2487, D2488, and D6151) and monitor-well construction in unconsolidated to poorly indurated materials. This drilling method is generally restricted to the drilling of shallow, unconsolidated materials or softer rocks. The hollow-stem drilling method is a favorable method to be used for obtaining cores and samples and for the installation of monitoring devices in many, but not all geologic environments. Note 2—In many geologic environments the hollow-stem auger drilling method can be used for drilling, sampling, and monitoring-device installations without the addition of fluids to the borehole. However, in cases where heaving water-bearing sands or silts are encountered, the addition of water or drilling mud to the hollow-auger column may become necessary to inhibit the piping of these fluid-like materials into the augers. These drilling conditions, if encountered, should be documented. 4.1.1 The application of hollow-stem augers to geoenvironmental exploration may involve groundwater and soil sampling, in-situ or pore-fluid testing, or utilization of the hollow-auger column as a casing for subsequent drilling activities in unconsolidated or consolidated materials (Test Method D2113).Note 3—The user may install a monitoring device within the same auger borehole wherein sampling or in-situ or pore-fluid testing was performed. 4.1.2 The hollow-stem auger column may be used as a temporary casing for installation of a subsurface water-quality monitoring device. The monitoring device is usually installed as the hollow-auger column is removed from the borehole. 4.2 The subsurface water-quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened or porous intake device and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and low-permeability backfill to deter the movement of fluids or infiltration of surface water between hydrologic units penetrated by the borehole (see Practice D5092). Inasmuch as a piezometer is primarily a device used for measuring subsurface hydraulic heads, the conversion of a piezometer to a water-quality monitoring device should be made only after consideration of the overall quality and integrity of the installation, to include the quality of materials that will contact sampled water or gas.Note 4—Both water-quality monitoring devices and piezometers should have adequate casing seals, annular isolation seals, and backfills to deter the movement of fluids between hydrologic units.Note 5—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities ......

Standard Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

ASTM F1084-08(2013) 溢油回收设备用油/水混合物取样的标准指南

3.1 This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices. 3.2 Sampling Stationary Mixtures—When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred. 3.3 Sampling Flowing Mixtures—To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance-rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D1796). 1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Sampling Oil/Water Mixtures for Oil Spill Recovery Equipment

ASTM F1788-08 水上石油泄漏原地燃烧指南:环境和操作事项

This guide is primarily intended to aid decision-makers and spill-responders in contingency planning, spill response, and training. This guide is not specific to either site or type of oil.1.1 This guide covers the use of in-situ burning to assist in the control of oil spills on water. This guide is not applicable to in-situ burning of oil on land. 1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that will enable spill responders to decide if burning will be used as part of the oil spill cleanup response. 1.3 This is a general guide only. It is assumed that conditions at the spill site have been assessed and that these conditions are suitable for the burning of oil. It is also assumed that permission to burn the oil has been obtained from appropriate regulatory authorities. Variations in the behavior of different oil types are not dealt with and may change some of the parameters noted in this guide. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are included for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and Operational Considerations

ASTM F1084-08 漏油回收设备用油水混合物样品的采集的标准指南

This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices. Sampling Stationary Mixtures8212;When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred. Sampling Flowing Mixtures8212;To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance-rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D 1796).1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Sampling Oil/Water Mixtures for Oil Spill Recovery Equipment

ASTM F1280-08 使用表面清洗剂生态注意事项的标准指南:防渗面

This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events. This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances.1.1 This guide covers the use of surface washing agents to assist in the cleanup of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 In making surface washing agent use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.3 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of chemical surface washing agents is considered. 1.4 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be treatable and the surface washing agent to be effective, available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed that the surface washing agent is non-persistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual surface washing agents or between different oil products are not considered. 1.5 This guide applies only to impermeable surfaces. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Impermeable Surfaces

ASTM F1210-08 在淡水和其它内陆环境、湖泊及大型水体中使用浮油分散剂的生态条件的标准指南

This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events. This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as a “last resort” after all other methods have failed. 1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. 1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts). 1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters. 1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

ASTM F1231-08 在淡水及其它内陆环境、河流和小溪中使用浮油分散剂的生态条件的标准指南

This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events. This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances.1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have failed. 1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. 1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts). 1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters. 1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Rivers and Creeks

ASTM F715-07(2012) 漏洒油控制和存储用涂层织物的标准试验方法

Membrane materials are subjected to these tests in order to provide data that reasonably relate to membrane response under the actual conditions of spill control barrier or storage device use. Although these test methods provide data on individual performance of membrane materials, all combinations of actual conditions of spill control barrier or storage device use are not simulated in this sequence of tests.1.1 These test methods cover laboratory-conducted performance tests for coated fabrics used in spill control barriers or in temporary storage devices. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage

ASTM F715-07 溢油控制和储存用涂层织物的标准试验方法

Membrane materials are subjected to these tests in order to provide data that reasonably relate to membrane response under the actual conditions of spill control barrier or storage device use. Although these test methods provide data on individual performance of membrane materials, all combinations of actual conditions of spill control barrier or storage device use are not simulated in this sequence of tests.1.1 These test methods cover laboratory-conducted performance tests for coated fabrics used in spill control barriers or in temporary storage devices.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage

ASTM D7285-06 记录保存微滤和超滤系统的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers procedures for well-defined recordkeeping of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) systems.1.2 This guide includes a start-up report, recordkeeping of MF/UF operating data, recordkeeping of pretreatment operating data, and a maintenance log.1.3 This guide is applicable to waters including surface water, ground water and some wastewater (secondary effluent) but is not applicable to membrane bioreactors or process streams.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Recordkeeping Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Systems