13.080.99 (Other standards related to soil quality 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6286-98(2006) 环境位点特性分析用钻削方法选择的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various drilling methods for environmental site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each method discussed. A comprehensive description of these drilling methods can be found in individual ASTM standards, see Section . This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for environmental soil and rock borings and the installation of monitoring wells and other water-quality monitoring devices.1.2 This guide does not address methods of well construction, well development, or well completion. These topics are covered in other ASTM documents, see Section .1.3 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D 420.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Because dimensions of materials used in the drilling industry are given in inch-pound units by convention, inch-pound units also are used in this guide.1.5 This guide does not specifically address methods of lithologic sample collection, such as coring, that may require the use of a specific drilling method. Other ASTM guides should be consulted for sampling methods (see Guide D 6169) and equipment necessary for specific projects.1.6 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and the issues associated with drilling for environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for drilling and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions; therefore, users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to specifying program requirements.1.7 Pertinent guides addressing specific drilling methods, equipment and procedures are listed in . A comprehensive list of guides, methods, practices, and terminology for drilling is contained in Guide D 5730. Other documents covering procedures for environmental site investigations with specific objectives or in particular geographic settings may be available from federal, state, and other agencies or organizations. The appropriate agency or organization should be contacted to determine the availability and most current edition of such documents.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education and experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization

ASTM D6286-98 环境位点特性分析用钻削方法选择的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various drilling methods for environmental site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each method discussed. A comprehensive description of these drilling methods can be found in individual ASTM standards, see Section 2. This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for environmental soil and rock borings and the installation of monitoring wells and other water-quality monitoring devices. 1.2 This guide does not address methods of well construction, well development, or well completion. These topics are covered in other ASTM documents, see Section 2. 1.3 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic,climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D 420. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Because dimensions of materials used in the drilling industry are given in inch-pound units by convention, inch-pound units also are used in this guide. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This guide does not specifically address methods of lithologic sample collection, such as coring, that may require the use of a specific drilling method. Other ASTM guides should be consulted for sampling methods (see Guide D 6169) and equipment necessary for specific projects. 1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education and experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word "Standard'' in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.8 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and the issues associated with drilling for environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for drilling and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions; therefore, users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to specifying program requirements.

Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization

ASTM D6072-96(2002) 土工合成粘土衬垫获得样品的标准指南

This practice provides a method by which samples of GCL may be obtained for laboratory testing. The practice applies to materials obtained either at a job site or at a production facility. GCL samples obtained in accordance with this practice will be considered representative of the actual manufactured GCL. The quantity of GCL received by the laboratory should be sufficient for the preparation of several representative test specimens for a variety of standardized physical, hydraulic, and mechanical tests commonly performed on GCLs. The procedures in this practice should be used by plant and field personnel for obtaining GCL samples for laboratory testing.1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for the purpose of laboratory testing. These procedures are designed to ensure that representative samples are obtained and properly packaged for submittal to a testing laboratory.1.2 The procedures in this practice may be applied to samples of unhydrated GCLs obtained at the project site or at the production facility, prior to shipment to the project site.1.3 It is assumed that the number of samples to be obtained has already been determined in the project specification, standard test method, or by prior agreement between the purchaser and seller. This practice covers only the methods for obtaining a pre-arranged number of samples and does not describe methods for obtaining individual specimens from the sample.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

ASTM D6032-96 岩石芯测定岩石质量标识的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rock quality designation (RQD) as a standard parameter in drill core logging. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximate. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of Rock Core

ASTM D6066-96(2004) 液化潜能的评价用砂的常规耐穿透性测定的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice outlines a procedure to obtain a record of normalized resistance of sands to the penetration of a standard sampler driven by a standard energy for estimating soil liquefaction potential during earthquakes. The normalized penetration resistance determined in this practice may be useful for determination of other engineering properties of sands.1.2 This practice uses Test Method D 1586 with additions and modifications to minimize disturbance of saturated loose cohesionless sands during drilling. This practice combines results of Test Method D 1586 and interprets the data for normalization purposes.1.3 Due to inherent variability of the SPT, guidance is given on test configuration and energy adjustments. Penetration resistance is adjusted for energy delivered in the penetration test. Energy adjustments can be estimated or measured and reported.1.4 Standard practice for normalizing penetration resistance values is given. Penetration resistance data are normalized to a standard overburden stress level.1.5 The normalized penetration resistance data may be used to estimate liquefaction resistance of saturated sands from earthquake shaking. Evaluation of liquefaction resistance may be applied to natural ground conditions or foundations for either planned or existing structures.1.6 Using this practice representative disturbed samples of the soil can be collected for identification purposes.1.7 This practice is limited to use in cohesionless soils (see Test Method D 2487 and classifications of SM, SW, SP, SP-SM, and SW-SM Practice D 2488). In most cases, testing is performed in saturated deposits below the water table. In some cases, dry sands may be tested (see ). This practice is not applicable to lithified materials or fine grained soils. Gravel can interfere with the test and result in elevated penetration resistance values. Normalization of penetration resistance values for gravelly soils is beyond the scope of this practice.Penetration resistance measurements often will involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This practice does not purport to address all aspects of exploration and site safety.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Performance of the test usually involves use of a drill rig; therefore, safety requirements as outlined in applicable safety standards. For example, OSHA regulations, DCDMA safety manual, drilling safety manuals, and other applicable state and local regulations must be observed. 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units, are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.1.8.1 In pressure correction calculations, common units are ton/ft2, kg/cm2, atm, and bars. Since these units are approximately equal (within a factor of 1.1), many engineers prefer the use of these units in stress correction calculations. For those using kPa or kN/m2, 100 kPa is approximately equal to one ton/ft2. The stress exponent, n, (see ) is approximately equal for these units.1.9 This practice may not be applicable in some countries, states, or localities, where rules or standards may differ for applying penetration resistance to liquefaction estimates. Other practices exist for estimating soil instability from penetration resistance data. Procedures may change with advances in geotechnical engineering. It is dependent on the user in consultation with experienced engineers to select appropriate methods and correction to data. In earthquake eng......

Standard Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration Resistance of Sands for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential

ASTM D6066-96e1 液化潜能的评价用砂的常规耐穿透性测定的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice outlines a procedure to obtain a record of normalized resistance of sands to the penetration of a standard sampler driven by a standard energy for estimating soil liquefaction potential during earthquakes. The normalized penetration resistance determined in this practice may be useful for determination of other engineering properties of sands. 1.2 This practice uses Test Method D 1586 with additions and modifications to minimize disturbance of saturated loose cohesionless sands during drilling. This practice combines results of Test Method D 1586 and interprets the data for normalization purposes. 1.3 Due to inherent variability of the SPT, guidance is given on test configuration and energy adjustments. Penetration resistance is adjusted for energy delivered in the penetration test. Energy adjustments can be estimated or measured and reported. 1.4 Standard practice for normalizing penetration resistance values is given. Penetration resistance data are normalized to a standard overburden stress level. 1.5 The normalized penetration resistance data may be used to estimate liquefaction resistance of saturated sands from earthquake shaking. Evaluation of liquefaction resistance may be applied to natural ground conditions or foundations for either planned or existing structures. 1.6 Using this practice representative disturbed samples of the soil can be collected for identification purposes. 1.7 This practice is limited to use in cohesionless soils (see Test Method D 2487 and classifications of SM, SW, SP, SP-SM, and SW-SM Practice D 2488). In most cases, testing is performed in saturated deposits below the water table. In some cases, dry sands may be tested (see 5.4). This practice is not applicable to lithified materials or fine grained soils. Gravel can interfere with the test and result in elevated penetration resistance values. Normalization of penetration resistance values for gravelly soils is beyond the scope of this practice. 1.8 Penetration resistance measurements often will involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This practice does not purport to address all aspects of exploration and site safety. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Performance of the test usually involves use of a drill rig; therefore, safety requirements as outlined in applicable safety standards. For example, OSHA regulations, DCDMA safety manual, drilling safety manuals, and other applicable state and local regulations must be observed. 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units, are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. 1.9.1 In pressure correction calculations, common units are ton/ft2, kg/cm2, atm, and bars. Since these units are approximately equal (within a factor of 1.1), many engineers prefer the use of these units in stress correction calculations. For those using kPa or kN/m2, 100 kPa is approximately equal to one ton/ft2. the stress exponent, n, (see 3.3.1) is approximately equal for these units. 1.10 This practice may not be applicable in some countries, states, or localities, where rules or standards may differ for applying penetration resistance to liquefaction estimates. Other practices exist for estimating soil instability from penetration resistance data. Procedures may change with advances in geotechnical engineering. It is dependent on the user in consultation with experienced engineers to select appropriate methods and correction to data. In earthquake engineering stu......

Standard Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration Resistance of Sands for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential

ASTM D3999-91(2003) 用循环三轴器测定土壤的阻尼特性和模数的标准试验方法

The cyclic triaxial modulus and damping test provides parameters that may be considered for use in dynamic, linear and non-linear analytical methods. These test methods are used for the performance evaluation of both natural and engineered structures under dynamic of cyclic loads such as caused by earthquakes, ocean wave, or blast. One of the primary purposes of these test methods is to obtain data that are used to calculate Youngrsquo;modulus. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.DESIG: D3999 91 (Reapproved 2003) ^TITLE: Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus ^SCOPE:1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the modulus and damping properties of soils in either undisturbed or reconstituted states by either load or stroke controlled cyclic triaxial techniques.1.2 The cyclic triaxial properties of soil are evaluated relative to a number of factors including: strain level, density, number of cycles, material type, saturation, and effective stress.1.3 These test methods are applicable to both fine-grained and coarse-grained soils as defined by the unified soil classification system or by Classification D 2487. Test specimens may be undisturbed or reconstituted by compaction in the laboratory.1.4 Two test methods are provided for using a cyclic loader to determine Young''s modulus (E) and damping (D) properties. The first test method (A) permits the determination of E and D using a constant load apparatus. The second test method (B) permits the determination of E and D using a constant stroke apparatus. The test methods are as follows:1.4.1 Test Method AThis test method requires the application of a constant cyclic load to the test specimen. It is used for determining the Young''s modulus and damping under a constant load condition.1.4.2 Test Method BThis test method requires the application of a constant cyclic deformation to the test specimen. It is used for determining the Young''s modulus and damping under a constant stroke condition.1.5 The development of relationships to aid in interpreting and evaluating test results are left to the engineer or office requesting the test.1.6 LimitationsThere are certain limitations inherent in using cyclic triaxial tests to simulate the stress and strain conditions of a soil element in the field during an earthquake.1.6.1 Nonuniform stress conditions within the test specimen are imposed by the specimen end platens.1.6.2 A 90 change in the direction of the major principal stress occurs during the two halves of the loading cycle on isotropically confined specimens and at certain levels of cyclic stress application on anisotropically confined specimens.1.6.3 The maximum cyclic axial stress that can be applied to a saturated specimen is controlled by the stress conditions at the end of confining stress application and the pore-water pressures generated during testing. For an isotropically confined specimen tested in cyclic compression, the maximum cyclic axial stress that can be applied to the specimen is equal to the effective confining pressure. Since cohe......

Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus