13.220.50 (Fire-resistance of building materials a 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6841-02 经滞火材料处理的木材用浸渍调节因数设计值计算的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating treatment adjustment factors to be applied to design values for fire-retardant-treated lumber used at ambient temperatures [service temperatures up to 1008212;F (388212;C)] and as framing in roof systems.1.2 These design value treatment adjustment factors for the properties of extreme fiber in bending, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain, horizontal shear and modulus of elasticity are based on the results of strength tests of matched treated and untreated small clear wood specimens after conditioning at nominal room temperatures [72176;F (22176;C)] and of other similar specimens after exposure at 150176;F (66176;C). The test data are developed in accordance with Test Method D 5664. Guidelines are provided for establishing adjustment factors for the property of compression perpendicular to grain and for connection design values.1.3 Treatment adjustment factors for roof framing applications are based on computer generated thermal load profiles for normal wood roof construction used in a variety of climates as defined by weather tapes of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE). The solar loads, moisture conditions, ventilation rates and other parameters used in the computer model were selected to represent typical sloped roof designs. The thermal loads in this practice are applicable to roof slopes of 3 in 12 or steeper, to roofs designed with vent areas and vent locations conforming to national standards of practice and to designs in which the bottom side of the roof sheathing is exposed to ventilation air. For designs that do not have one or more of these base-line features, the applicability of this practice needs to be documented by the user.1.4 The procedures of this practice parallel those given in Practice D 6305. General references and commentary in Practice D 6305 are also applicable to this practice.1.5 This practice is written in inch-pound units with SI units provided in parentheses for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Design Value Treatment Adjustment Factors for Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber

ASTM E1740-02 用锥形热量计测定墙面覆层材料的释热率及其它着火试验响应特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers determination of the ignitability and heat release rate of composites consisting of a wallcovering, a substrate, and all laminating adhesives, coatings, and finishes. Heat release information cannot be used alone to evaluate the flammability of wallcoverings. The data are intended to be used for modeling or with other data to evaluate a material.1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. Heat release data at different heating fluxes are also obtained by this test method. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.1.3 The fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E 1354.1.4 The tests are conducted on bench-scale specimens combining the components used in the actual installation.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; see Practice E 380.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be used in conducting these tests. This test method potentially involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Specific information about hazard is given in Section .1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wallcovering Composites Using a Cone Calorimeter

ASTM E2231-02e1 表面燃烧特性评估用管和管绝缘材料的样品制备和安装的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulation materials to assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E 84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E 84.1.3 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E 84. See also Section 8.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM E2231-02 表面燃烧特性评估用管和管绝缘材料的样品制备和安装的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulation materials to assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E 84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E 84.1.3 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E 84. See also Section 8.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM D6668-01 F=0和F=1的易燃性额定值间的区分的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a means for the discrimination between solid and liquid materials which will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 1500oF (815.5oC) for a period of 5 min and those which will ignite and burn under the same conditions.1.2 This test method may be applied to any substance which is a solid or liquid at ambient temperature and pressure.1.3 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means for the classification of the flammability hazard of materials of hazard degrees (F=0) and (F=1) or both, in accordance with the definitions of degrees of flammability hazard as defined by NFPA 704 (par. 3.2.1).1.4 This test method should be used subject to the limitations that no single fire hazard property such as flash point, ignition temperature, or the performance under the conditions of the present method shall be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product, assembly or system under actual fire conditions. Fire hazard properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may, nevertheless, be employed to describe properly the response of materials, products, assemblies or systems under said controlled conditions. Properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may be used as elements of hazard or risk assessment only when such assessment takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to the evolution of the fire hazard of a given situation.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parenthesis are provided for information only. 1.6 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Discrimination Between Flammability Ratings of F = 0 and F = 1

ASTM E1740-01 用锥形热量计测定墙面覆层材料的释热率及其它着火试验响应特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers determination of the ignitability and heat release rate of composites consisting of a wallcovering, a substrate, and all laminating adhesives, coatings, and finishes. Heat release information cannot be used alone to evaluate the flammability of wallcoverings. The data are intended to be used for modeling or with other data to evaluate a material.1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. Heat release data at different heating fluxes are also obtained by this test method. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.1.3 The fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E 1354.1.4 The tests are conducted on bench-scale specimens combining the components used in the actual installation.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; see Practice E 380.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be used in conducting these tests. This test method potentially involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Specific information about hazard is given in Section .1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wallcovering Composites Using a Cone Calorimeter

ASTM D6668-01(2010) F=0和F=1的易燃性额定值间的区分的标准试验方法

A material which does not exhibit any evidence of burning as defined herein under the conditions of the test procedure may be classified as Flammability Degree of Hazard Zero material (F=0) provided other properties of the material are not such as to require a higher degree of classification.1.1 This test method covers a means for the discrimination between solid and liquid materials which will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 1500°F (815.5°C) for a period of 5 min and those which will ignite and burn under the same conditions. 1.2 This test method may be applied to any substance which is a solid or liquid at ambient temperature and pressure. 1.3 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means for the classification of the flammability hazard of materials of hazard degrees (F=0) and (F=1) or both, in accordance with the definitions of degrees of flammability hazard as defined by NFPA 704 (par. 3.2.1). 1.4 This test method should be used subject to the limitations that no single fire hazard property such as flash point, ignition temperature, or the performance under the conditions of the present method shall be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product, assembly or system under actual fire conditions. Fire hazard properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may, nevertheless, be employed to describe properly the response of materials, products, assemblies or systems under said controlled conditions. Properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may be used as elements of hazard or risk assessment only when such assessment takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to the evolution of the fire hazard of a given situation. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Discrimination Between Flammability Ratings of F = 0 and F = 1

ASTM D5664-01a 评定阻燃处理和高温对阻燃处理木材强度性能的影响的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for obtaining data to assess the initial adjustments to allowable design stresses for lumber treated with candidate commercial fire-retardant (FR) formulations and further procedures for obtaining data to assess the effect of extended exposure to elevated temperature of 66 177 2oC (150 177 4oF).1.2This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Effects of Fire-Retardant Treatments and Elevated Temperatures on Strength Properties of Fire-Retardant Treated Lumber

ASTM E1623-01e1 使用中等规模量热计(ICAL)测定材料、产品和系统燃烧和热参数的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of radiant heat exposure with or without an external ignitor.1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, visible smoke development, and gas release of materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire models. Examples of these values include effective heat of combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and emissivity.1.4 This test method is also intended to provide information about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame temperatures, minimum surface temperatures for upward and downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional heat of gasification (1) and the 934; flame spread parameter (see Test Method E 1321). While some studies have indicated that this test method is suitable for determining these fire parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to justify inclusion of the corresponding testing and calculating procedures.1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and flow rate in the exhaust product stream (exhaust duct). The procedure is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the combustion product stream (exhaust duct).1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heating flux in the range of 0 to 50 kW/m2 in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are used to ignite the combustible vapors from the specimen during the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the parameters associated with flame spread requires the use of line burners instead of hot wire ignitors.1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels ( 10 kW/m2) require special considerations as described in Section A1.1.6. 1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations, design, or research and development of materials, products, or assemblies, for mathematical fire modeling, or for research and development. The specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and configurations representative of actual end product or system uses.1.8 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section .1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.11 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Specific information about hazard is given in Section 7.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)

ASTM F2133-01 测定钢结构的绝缘船舱壁和甲板的防火效果的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods described in this fire-test response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of insulated marine steel bulkheads and decks. The insulation is either homogeneous or composite construction.1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether bulkheads and decks will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These test methods shall not be construed as implying suitability for use after fire exposure.1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different bulkhead and deck assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.1.4 Limitations8212;These test methods do not provide the following:1.4.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those tested.1.4.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assembly contributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.1.4.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test assembly.1.4.4 The erosive effect that the velocities or turbulence, or both, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protection materials.1.4.5 Full information on the performance of assemblies at times less than 5 min because the rise time called out in Section is longer than that of a real fire.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for approximate information only.1.6 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 This test method is based on the fire exposure as defined in Test Methods E 1529 (issued by the Committee on Fire Standards, E05).1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Insulated Marine Bulkheads and Decks, Constructed of Steel

ASTM F2152-01 泄漏石油就地燃烧的标准指南:耐火浮油栅

1.1 This guide covers a set of criteria to evaluate the performance, material characteristics, and essential features of fire-resistant oil spill containment boom.1.2 This guide covers two types of fire-resistant oil containment boom: those that are intrinsically fire-resistant through the use of fire-resistant materials, and those that provide fire-resistance through the use of coolants. This guide may not be fully applicable to other types of fire-resistant boom.1.3 This guide is one of three related to in-situ burning of oil spills. Guide F 1788 addresses environmental and operational considerations, and Guide F 1990 addresses ignition devices.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Fire-Resistant Boom

ASTM E603-01 房间着火实验标准指南

1.1 This guide addresses means of conducting full-scale fire experiments that evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.2 It is intended as a guide for the design of the experiment and for the use and interpretation of its results. The guide is also useful for establishing laboratory conditions that simulate a given set of fire conditions to the greatest extent possible.1.3 This guide allows users to obtain fire-test-response characteristics of materials, products, or assemblies, which are useful data for describing or appraising their fire performance under actual fire conditions.1.3.1 The results of experiments conducted in accordance with this guide are also useful elements for making regulatory decisions regarding fire safety requirements. The use for regulatory purposes of data obtained from experiments conducted using this guide requires that certain conditions and criteria be specified by the regulating authority.1.4 The rationale for conducting room fire experiments according to this guide is shown in 1.5-1.8 1.5 Room fire experiments are a means of generating input data for computer fire models and for providing output data with which to compare modeling results.1.6 One of the major reasons for conducting room fire experiments is as an experimental means of assessing the potential fire hazard associated with the use of a material or product in a particular application. This should be borne in mind when designing nonstandard experiments.1.7 A rationale for conducting room fire experiments is the case when smaller-scale fire tests inadequately represent end-use applications.1.8 A further rationale for conducting room fire experiments is to verify the results obtained with smaller scale tests, to understand the scaling parameters for such tests.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Room Fire Experiments

ASTM D6668-01(2006) F=0和F=1的易燃性额定值间的区分的标准试验方法

A material which does not exhibit any evidence of burning as defined herein under the conditions of the test procedure may be classified as Flammability Degree of Hazard Zero material (F=0) provided other properties of the material are not such as to require a higher degree of classification.1.1 This test method covers a means for the discrimination between solid and liquid materials which will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 1500176;F (815.5176;C) for a period of 5 min and those which will ignite and burn under the same conditions.1.2 This test method may be applied to any substance which is a solid or liquid at ambient temperature and pressure.1.3 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means for the classification of the flammability hazard of materials of hazard degrees (F=0) and (F=1) or both, in accordance with the definitions of degrees of flammability hazard as defined by NFPA 704 (par. 3.2.1).1.4 This test method should be used subject to the limitations that no single fire hazard property such as flash point, ignition temperature, or the performance under the conditions of the present method shall be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product, assembly or system under actual fire conditions. Fire hazard properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may, nevertheless, be employed to describe properly the response of materials, products, assemblies or systems under said controlled conditions. Properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may be used as elements of hazard or risk assessment only when such assessment takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to the evolution of the fire hazard of a given situation.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Discrimination Between Flammability Ratings of F = 0 and F = 1

ASTM E814-00 挡火墙防火穿透性能的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is applicable to through-penetration fire stops of various materials and construction. Fire stops are intended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method record fire-stop performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the fire stop for use after test exposure.1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of fire stops to an external force stimulated by a hose stream. However, this test method shall not be construed as determining the performance of the fire stop during actual fire conditions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable support systems and falling debris.1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist others in determining the suitability of the fire stops for use where fire resistance is required.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.

Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops

ASTM E736-00 结构构件上喷涂的防火材料的粘附性/粘结性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the cohesion/adhesion or bond strength (tensile) perpendicular to the surface of sprayed fire-resistive material (SFRM) applied to rigid backing. These fire-resistive materials include sprayed fibrous and cementitious materials. The test method is applicable to both laboratory and field procedures as indicated in Section 7. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural Members

ASTM D6513-00 计算标准耐火试验用木框架墙超强荷载的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load required to be applied to load-bearing wood-frame walls throughout standard fire-endurance and fire and hose-stream tests.1.2 The calculations determine the maximum load allowed by design for wood-frame wall assemblies under nationally recognized structural design criteria.1.3 This practice is only applicable to those wood-frame assemblies for which the nationally recognized structural design criteria is the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS).1.4 The system of units to be used is that of the nationally recognized structural design criteria. For the NDS, the units are inch-pound.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Endurance Tests

ASTM D6513-00(2005) 计算标准耐火试验用木框架墙超强荷载的标准实施规程

Test Methods E 119 and E 1529, and other standard fire endurance test methods specify that throughout exposures to fire and the hose stream, a constant superimposed axial load be applied to a load-bearing test specimen to simulate a maximum load condition. They specify that this superimposed load shall be as nearly as practicable the maximum load allowed by design under nationally recognized structural design criteria. For this practice, the nationally recognized structural design criteria is the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). 4.1.1 Alternatively, the standard fire endurance test methods shall be conducted by applying an axial load that is less than the maximum allowable axial load as addressed by the NDS and this practice, but these tests shall be identified in the test report as being conducted under restricted load conditions. The superimposed axial load, as well as the superimposed axial load as a percentage of the maximum allowable axial design load as addressed by the NDS and this practice shall be included in the test report. This practice describes procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load to be applied in standard fire endurance tests of wood-frame wall assemblies. Statements in either the fire endurance test method standard or the nationally recognized structural design standard supercede any procedures described by this practice. The NDS shall be consulted to ensure calculations are in compliance with all applicable provisions of that document.1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load required to be applied to load-bearing wood-frame walls throughout standard fire-endurance and fire and hose-stream tests.1.2 The calculations determine the maximum load allowed by design for wood-frame wall assemblies under nationally recognized structural design criteria.1.3 This practice is only applicable to those wood-frame assemblies for which the nationally recognized structural design criteria is the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS).1.4 The system of units to be used is that of the nationally recognized structural design criteria. For the NDS, the units are inch-pound.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Endurance Tests

ASTM E108-00 屋面覆盖物防火试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire test response standard covers the measurement of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings under simulated fire originating outside the building. It is applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on either combustible or noncombustible decks, when applied as intended for use. The following test methods are included: 1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test. 1.1.2 Spread of flame test. 1.1.3 Burning brand test. 1.1.4 Flying brand test. 1.1.5 Rain test. 1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described: 1.2.1 Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against severe test exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard. 1.2.2 Class B Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against moderate test exposure, afford a moderate degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard. 1.2.3 Class C Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against light test exposure, afford a light degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire- hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings

ASTM E119-00a 建筑结构和材料防火试验的标准试验方法

1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including bearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use under other conditions or after fire exposure.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

ASTM E84-00a 建筑材料表面燃烧特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two measurements.1.3 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without such support.1.4 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, results in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials