17.060 (Measurement of volume, mass, density, visc 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4753-15 土壤、岩石及施工材料试验用天平和刻度评定、选择和规定的标准规范

4.1 This guide provides those using standards related to soil, rock, and related construction materials, with a means for selecting the balance required for a particular standard. 4.2 This guide provides those writing standards pertaining to soil, rock, and related construction materials with a means for specifying the balance capabilities required for a particular standard and for describing the balance selected in a uniform fashion. 4.3 This guide provides agencies conducting soil, rock, and related construction materials, testing with guidance for selecting and evaluating general purpose balances and standard masses. 4.4 This guide provides inspection organizations with criteria for evaluating general purpose balances and standard masses. 1.1 This guide provides minimum requirements for general-purpose scales, balances, and standard masses used in testing soil, rock, and related construction materials. 1.2 This guide provides guidance for evaluating, selecting, and specifying general purpose scales, balances, and standard masses used in testing soil, rock, and related construction materials. 1.3 The accuracy requirements for balances and scales are specified in terms of the combined effect of all sources of error contributing to overall balance performance. The measurement of specific sources of error and consideration of details pertaining to balance construction has been intentionally avoided. 1.4 This guide does not include requirements for balances and scales having accuracies greater than those generally required in testing soil, rock, and related construction materials or for research programs or specialized testing requirements. 1.5 This guide does not apply to nongraduated balances. 1.6 This guide does not address the methods used to verify or quantify specific parameters dealing with balances and scales. For a description of tests used in evaluating balance performance, see NIST Handbook 44. 1.7 This guide is not intended to be used as a specification for the purchase of balances and scales. Note 1: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), and the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) publish standards or practices that specify construction requirements as well as performance guides for balances. ASTM, OIML, and NIST publish construction standards and tolerances for standard masses. Note 2: The terms “mass” and “determine the mass of” are used in this standard instead of the more commonly used terms x2......

Standard Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing

ASTM E2975-14 同心圆筒旋转粘度计校准的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate a rotational viscometer and its associated rotational element. 5.2 The apparent viscosity (η) of a test specimen may then be obtained using Eq 4: 1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or performance validation) of rotational viscometers in which the rotational element is immersed in the test fluid under ambient temperature conditions. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers. 1.2 Calibration shall be performed using experimental conditions, such as temperature, viscosity range and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test specimens. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers

ASTM D2162-14 标准粘度计和粘性油标准的基本校正的标准实施规程

5.1 Because there are surface tension or kinematic viscosity differences, or both, between the primary standard (7.4) and kinematic viscosity standards (7.5), special procedures using master viscometers are required to “step-up” from the kinematic viscosity of the primary standard to the kinematic viscosities of oil standards. 5.2 Using master viscometers calibrated according to this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446. 5.3 Using viscosity oil standards established in this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446. 1.1 This practice covers the calibration of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be used to calibrate routine viscometers as described in Test Method D445 and Specifications D446 over the temperature range from 158201;°C to 1008201;°C. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 The SI-based units for calibration constants and kinematic viscosities are mm2/s2 and mm 2/s, respectively. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

Standard Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards

ASTM E2509-14 等温流变仪温度校准的标准试验方法

5.1 Rheological properties such as viscosity and storage and loss modulus change rapidly with temperature. High quality determinations of these properties depend upon a stable and well-known temperature of the measuring apparatus. 1.1 This test method describes the temperature calibration or conformance of rheometers. The applicable temperature range is 0 to 80°C however other ranges may be selected for the purpose at hand. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 There are no ISO equivalents to this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Rheometers in Isothermal Mode

ASTM D7279-14 使用自动Houillon粘度计测定透明和不透明液体运动粘度的标准试验方法

4.1 Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum products are used as lubricants in the equipment, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the lubricant being used. Additionally, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. 4.2 The viscosity of used oils is a commonly determined parameter in the oil industry to assess the effect of engine wear on the lube oils used, as well as the degradation of the engine parts during operation. 4.3 The Houillon viscometer tube method offers automated determination of kinematic viscosity. Typically a sample volume of less than 1 mL is required for the analysis. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids; such as base oils, formulated oils, diesel oil, biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and used lubricating oils using a Houillon viscometer in automated mode. 1.2 The range of kinematic viscosity capable of being measured by this test method is from 28201;mm2/s to 15008201;mm2/s (see Fig. 1). The range is dependent on the tube constant utilized. The temperature range that the apparatus is capable of achieving is between 20 °C and 150 °C, inclusive. However, the precision has only been determined for the viscosity range; 28201;mm2/s to 4788201;mm2/s at 40 °C for base oils, formulated oils, diesel oil, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends; 38201;mm2/s to 1068201;mm2/s at 100 °C for base oils and formulated oils; 258201;mm2/s to 1508201;mm2/s at 40 °C and 58201;mm2/s to 168201;mm2/s at 100 °C for used lubricating oils. As indicated for the materials listed in the precision section. FIG. 1 Houillon Viscometer Typical Viscosity Range of Tube Constants Note 1: Viscosity range of a Houillon tube is based on most practical flow time of 308201;s to 2008201;s. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids by Automated Houillon Viscometer

ASTM D6703-14 自动Heithaus滴定分析法的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended primarily as a laboratory diagnostic tool for estimating the colloidal stability of bitumen asphalt, asphalt cross blends, aged asphalt, and heavy oil residuum. Historically, bituminous asphalt and heavy oil residua have been modeled as colloidal suspensions in which a polar associated asphaltene moiety (the dispersed phase) is suspended in a maltene solvent moiety (the dispersing medium) (refer to Test Methods D3279, D4124, and D5546 for further definition of asphalt fraction materials). The extent to which these two moieties remain in state of peptization is a measure of the compatibility (colloidal stability) of the suspension. Compatibility influences the physical properties of these materials, including rheological properties, for example, phase angle and viscosity. This test method and other similar test methods, along with the classical Heithaus test, measures the overall compatibility of a colloidal system by determining a parameter referred to as the state of peptization, P. The value of P commonly varies between 2.5 to 10 for unmodified or neat asphalts. Materials calculated to have low values of P are designated incompatible. Materials calculated to have high P values are designated compatible. Values in P are calculated as a function of two parameters that relate to the peptizability of the asphaltene moiety (the asphaltene peptizability parameter, pa) and the solvent power of the maltene moiety (the maltene peptizing power parameter, po). Values of pa and po are calculated as functions of the quantities Cmin and FRmax. Values of Cmin and FRmax are determined from experimental variables, the weight of asphalt (Wa), the volume of solvent (VS) to dissolve the weight of asphalt, and the volume of titrant (VT) added to initiate flocculation. 1.1 This test method describes a procedure for quantifying three Heithaus compatibility parameters that quantify the colloidal stability of asphalts and asphalt cross blends and aged asphalts. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as stand......

Standard Test Method for Automated Heithaus Titrimetry

ASTM D445-14e1 测定透明和不透明液体动粘度 (和动力粘度计算) 的标准试验方法

5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. 1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid. Note 1: For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171. Note 2: ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D4458201;–8201;03. 1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included. 1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.28201;mm2/s to 3008201;0008201;mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-68201;m2/s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s = 1 cP = 0.001 Pa·s. 1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware ......

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids 40;and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity41;

ASTM D445-14e2 测定透明和不透明液体动粘度 (和动力粘度计算) 的标准试验方法

5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. 1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid. Note 1: For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171. Note 2: ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D4458201;–8201;03. 1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included. 1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.28201;mm2/s to 3008201;0008201;mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-68201;m2/s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s = 1 cP = 0.001 Pa·s. 1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware ......

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids &40;and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity&41;

ASTM D6896-14 用于测定低温时所用发动机油屈服应力和表观粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 When an engine oil is cooled, the rate and duration of cooling can affect its yield stress and viscosity. In this laboratory test, used engine oil is slowly cooled through a temperature range where wax crystallization is known to occur, followed by relatively rapid cooling to the final test temperature. As in other low temperature rheological tests such as Test Methods D3829, D4684, and D5133, a preheating condition is required to ensure that all residual waxes are solubilized in the oil prior to the cooldown (that is, remove thermal memory). However, it is also known that highly sooted used diesel engine oils can experience a soot agglomerization phenomenon when heated under quiescent conditions. The current method uses a separate preheat and agitation step to break up any soot agglomerization that may have occurred prior to cooldown. The viscosity of highly sooted diesel engine oils as measured in this test method have been correlated to pressurization times in a motored engine test (1).4 5.2 Cooling Profiles: 5.2.1 For oils to be tested at –208201;°C and –258201;°C, Table X1.1 applies. The cooling profile described in Table X1.1 is based on the viscosity properties of the ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils (PRO). This series of oils includes oils with normal low-temperature flow properties and oils that have been associated with low-temperature pumpability problems (2-7). 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over a period of 438201;h or 45 h to a final test temperature of –208201;°C or –258201;°C. The precision is stated for test temperatures –208201;°C and –258201;°C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.48201;s-1 to 15 s-1. This test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to gt;4008201;000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield stress measurements of 7 Pa to gt;350 Pa. 1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to centiPoise (cP). ......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature

ASTM D445-14 测定透明和不透明液体动粘度 (和动力粘度计算) 的标准试验方法

5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. 1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid. Note 1: For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171. Note 2: ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D4458201;–8201;03. 1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included. 1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.28201;mm2/s to 3008201;0008201;mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-68201;m2/s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s = 1 cP = 0.001 Pa·s. 1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware ......

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids 40;and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity41;

ASTM E2977-14 测量和报告液体样本傅里叶变换核磁共振 (FT-NMR) 光谱仪性能的标准实施规程

4.1 This practice permits an analyst to compare the performance of an NMR spectrometer for a particular test on any given day with the instrument's prior performance for that test. The practice can also provide sufficient quantitative performance information for problem diagnosis and solving. If complete information about how a test is carried out is supplied and sufficient replicates are collected to substantiate statistical relevance, the tests in this practice can be used to establish the setting and meeting of relevant performance specifications. This practice is not necessarily meant for the comparison of different instruments with each other, even if the instruments are of the same type and model. This practice is not meant for the comparison of the performance of different instruments operated under conditions differing from those specified for a particular test. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and reporting the performance of Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (FT-NMRs) using liquid samples. 1.2 This practice is not directly applicable to FT-NMR spectrometers outfitted to measure gaseous, anisotropically structured liquid, semi-solid, or solid samples; those set up to work with flowing sample streams; or those used to make hyperpolarization measurements. 1.3 This practice was expressly developed for FT-NMR spectrometers operating with proton resonance frequencies between 200 and 1200 MHz. 1.4 This practice is not directly applicable to continuous wave (scanning) NMR spectrometers. 1.5 This practice is not directly applicable to instruments using single-sideband detection. 1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 40;FT-NMR41; Spectrometers for Liquid Samples

ASTM D7042-14 用Stabinger粘度计(和动粘度计算)测定液体动态粘滞度和密度的标准试验方法

5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. 5.2 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products. 5.3 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C. 1.1 This test method covers and specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, η, and the density, ρ, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, ν, can be obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, η, by the density, ρ, obtained at the same test temperature. 1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). 1.3 The precision has only been determined for those materials, viscosity ranges, density ranges, and temperatures as indicated in Section 15 on Precision and Bias. The test method can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Section 15 on Precision and Bias, the precision and bias may not be applicable. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer 40;and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity41;

ASTM E100-14 ASTM液体比重计的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in which they are used. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

ASTM D7483-13a 采用摆动活塞粘度计测定液体动力粘度和衍生运动粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 Many petroleum products, as well as non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic equipment, etc. Proper operation of this equipment depends upon the viscosity of these liquids. 5.2 Oscillating piston viscometers allow viscosity measurement of a broad range of materials including transparent, translucent and opaque liquids. The measurement principle and stainless steel construction makes the Oscillating Piston Viscometer resistant to damage and suitable for portable operations. The measurement itself is automatic and does not require an operator to time the oscillation of the piston. The electromagnetically driven piston mixes the sample while under test. The instrument requires a sample volume of less than 5 mL and typical solvent volume of less than 10 mL which minimizes cleanup effort and waste. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of dynamic viscosity and derivation of kinematic viscosity of liquids, such as new and in-service lubricating oils, by means of an oscillating piston viscometer. 1.2 This test method is applicable to Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids; however the precision statement was developed using Newtonian liquids. 1.3 The range of dynamic viscosity covered by this test method is from 0.2 mPa·s to 208201;000 mPa·s (which is approximately the kinematic viscosity range of 0.2 mm2/s to 228201;000 mm2/s for new oils) in the temperature range between –40 to 190°C; however the precision has been determined only for new and used oils in the range of 34 to 1150 mPa·s at 40°C, 5.7 to 131 mPa·s at 100°C, and 46.5 to 436 mm2/s at 40°C. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Oscillating Piston Viscometer

ASTM D2162-13 标准粘度计和粘性油标准的基本校正的标准实施规程

5.1 Because there are surface tension or kinematic viscosity differences, or both, between the primary standard (7.4) and kinematic viscosity standards (7.5), special procedures using master viscometers are required to “step-up” from the kinematic viscosity of the primary standard to the kinematic viscosities of oil standards. 5.2 Using master viscometers calibrated according to this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446. 5.3 Using viscosity oil standards established in this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446. 1.1 This practice covers the calibration of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be used to calibrate routine viscometers as described in Test Method D445 and Specifications D446 over the temperature range from 15 to 100°C. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 The SI-based units for calibration constants and kinematic viscosities are mm2/s2 and mm 2/s, respectively. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

Standard Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards

ASTM E126-13 ASTM流体比重计检验, 校准和验证的标准试验方法

4.1 The purpose of this test method is to establish a common method by which manufacturers, calibration laboratories, and users of hydrometers may inspect, verify, or calibrate them. 4.2 The goal is to provide a standard method that is simple, easily understood, and will produce reliable results. 1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedures for the inspection, calibration, and verification of ASTM glass hydrometers. This test method is applicable to ASTM hydrometers and may be used for other general hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type.Note 1— User must determine the applicability of this method for hydrometers other than ASTM hydrometers. Method studies were completed for ASTM hydrometers only and the precision and bias statements were developed using ASTM hydrometers only. References to other types of hydrometers are for user information only. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers

ASTM D5931-13 用数字密度计测定发动机冷冻剂浓缩物和含水发动机冷冻剂密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants. 5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of these products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 20°C (68°F). 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants. 1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty. 1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter

ASTM D1545-13 用起泡时间法测定透明液体粘度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids. 1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method

ASTM E126-13a 检验, 校准和鉴定ASTM比重计的标准试验方法

4.1 The purpose of this test method is to establish a common method by which manufacturers, calibration laboratories, and users of hydrometers may inspect, verify, or calibrate them. 4.2 The goal is to provide a standard method that is simple, easily understood, and will produce reliable results. 1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedures for the inspection, calibration, and verification of ASTM glass hydrometers. This test method is applicable to ASTM hydrometers and may be used for other general hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers

ASTM D6703-13 自动Heithaus滴定分析法的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended primarily as a laboratory diagnostic tool for estimating the colloidal stability of bitumen asphalt, asphalt cross blends, aged asphalt, and heavy oil residuum. Historically, bituminous asphalt and heavy oil residua have been modeled as colloidal suspensions in which a polar associated asphaltene moiety (the dispersed phase) is suspended in a maltene solvent moiety (the dispersing medium) (refer to Test Methods D3279, D4124, and D5546 for further definition of asphalt fraction materials). The extent to which these two moieties remain in state of peptization is a measure of the compatibility (colloidal stability) of the suspension. Compatibility influences the physical properties of these materials, including rheological properties, for example, phase angle and viscosity. This test method and other similar test methods, along with the classical Heithaus test, measures the overall compatibility of a colloidal system by determining a parameter referred to as the state of peptization, P. The value of P commonly varies between 2.5 to 10 for unmodified or neat asphalts. Materials calculated to have low values of P are designated incompatible. Materials calculated to have high P values are designated compatible. Values in P are calculated as a function of two parameters that relate to the peptizability of the asphaltene moiety (the asphaltene peptizability parameter, pa) and the solvent power of the maltene moiety (the maltene peptizing power parameter, po). Values of pa and po are calculated as functions of the quantities Cmin and FRmax. Values of Cmin and FRmax are determined from experimental variables, the weight of asphalt (Wa), the volume of solvent (VS) to dissolve the weight of asphalt, and the volume of titrant (VT) added to initiate flocculation. 1.1 This test method describes a procedure for quantifying three Heithaus compatibility parameters that quantify the colloidal stability of asphalts and asphalt cross blends and aged asphalts. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Automated Heithaus Titrimetry