71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1634-02(2007) 溅射焰口深度测量标准导则

Sputter crater depth measurements are performed in order to determine a sputter rate (depth/time) for each matrix sputtered during a sputter depth profile or similar in-depth type analyses. From sputter rate values, a linear depth scale can be calculated and displayed for the sputter depth profile. Data obtained from surface profilometry are useful in monitoring instrumental parameters (for example, raster size, shape, and any irregularities in topography of the sputtered crater) used for depth profiles.1.1 This guide covers the preferred procedure for acquiring and post-processing of sputter crater depth measurements. This guide is limited to stylus-type surface profilometers equipped with a stage, stylus, associated scan and sensing electronics, video system for sample and scan alignment, and computerized system.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Performing Sputter Crater Depth Measurements

ASTM E2227-02(2008) 司法鉴定用薄层色谱法对纺织品纤维中非活性染料检测指南

Forensic analysis of fiber colorants using TLC should be considered for single fiber comparisons only when it is not possible to discriminate between the fibers of interest using other techniques, such as comparison microscopy (brightfield and fluorescence) and microspectrophotometry in the visible range. The extraction procedures carried out prior to TLC analysis can provide useful information about dye classification. TLC can provide useful qualitative information about dye components. Similar colors made up of different dye components can be differentiated using this technique. The application of TLC may serve to discriminate between fibers, or it may confirm their similarity. TLC may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable in some circumstances. Short lengths of fibers or pale colored fibers may not have an adequate concentration of colorant present to be examined, dye extraction from some fibers may be impossible. The desire to preserve evidence for possible analysis by another examiner may preclude removing the color for analysis. Dye from the known material should first be characterized and eluent systems evaluated to achieve optimum separation of the extract. Dye is then extracted from single known and questioned fibers, using an equivalent amount of material. The development of each individual TLC plate will show some variability as a result of the coating and conditioning of the plate, solvent condition, and temperature. It is important to evaluate the performance of each TLC plate by spotting known materials along with the questioned samples. See Ref (16). Examples for the preparation of Standard dye mixtures are given in Appendix X1.1.1 Metameric coloration of fibers can be detected using UV/visible spectrophotometry. If spectrophotometry is restricted to the visible spectral range only, differences in dye components may remain undetected. One method of detecting additional components is to use thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TLC is an inexpensive, simple, well-documented technique that, under certain conditions, can be used to complement the use of visible spectroscopy in comparisons of fiber colorants. The principle of the method is that the dye components are separated by their differential migration caused by a mobile phase flowing through a porous, adsorptive medium. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Guide for Forensic Examination of Non-Reactive Dyes in Textile Fibers by Thin-Layer Chromatography

ASTM C1307-02(2008) 用(III)钚数组分光光度法鉴定钚的标准试验方法

p>This test method is designed to determine whether a given material meets the purchaser's specification for plutonium content.1.1 This test method describes the determination of total plutonium as plutonium(III) in nitrate and chloride solutions. The technique is applicable to solutions of plutonium dioxide powders and pellets (Test Methods C 697), nuclear grade mixed oxides (Test Methods C 698), plutonium metal (Test Methods C 758), and plutonium nitrate solutions (Test Methods C 759). Solid samples are dissolved using the appropriate dissolution techniques described in Practice C 1168. The use of this technique for other plutonium-bearing materials has been reported (1-5), but final determination of applicability must be made by the user. The applicable concentration range for plutonium sample solutions is 10–200 g Pu/L. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Plutonium Assay by Plutonium (III) Diode Array Spectrophotometry

ASTM D5015-02(2008) 大气湿沉积物的样品中PH值的电子测试方法

The accurate measurement of pH in atmospheric wet deposition is an essential and critically important component in the monitoring of atmospheric wet deposition for trends in the acidity and overall air quality. Atmospheric wet deposition is, in general, a low ionic strength, unbuffered solution. Special precautions, as detailed in this test method, are necessary to ensure accurate pH measurements (1). Special emphasis must be placed on minimizing the effect of the residual liquid junction potential bias. This test method is applicable only to the measurement of pH in atmospheric wet deposition. Its use in other applications may result in inaccuracies. Fig. 1 provides a frequency distribution of precipitation pH values measured in conjunction with a national monitoring program within the United States. These data are an indication of the range of pH values common to atmospheric wet deposition. FIG. 1 Frequency Distribution of Measured Laboratory pH of Atmospheric Wet Deposition From the 1984 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network (NTN)1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of pH in atmospheric wet deposition samples by electrometric measurement using either a pH half cell with a reference probe or a combination electrode as the sensor. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for pH of Atmospheric Wet Deposition Samples by Electrometric Determination

ASTM E1184-02 电热(石墨加热炉)原子吸收分析的标准实施规程

This practice is intended for spectroscopists who are attempting to establish electrothermal atomic absorption procedures. Used in conjunction with Practice E 663, it should be helpful for establishing a complete atomic absorption analysis program.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the determination of microgram per milliliter (956;g/mL) or lower concentrations of elements in solution using an electrothermal atomization device attached to an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A general description of the equipment is provided. Recommendations are made for preparing the instrument for measurements, establishing optimum temperature conditions and other criteria which should result in determining a useful calibration concentration range, and measuring and calculating the test solution analyte concentration.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

Standard Practice for Electrothermal (Graphite Furnace) Atomic Absorption Analysis

ASTM E2193-02a 单乙二醇的紫外线透射率的标准试验方法(紫外线光谱测定法)

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the transmittance of monoethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol; MEG) at wavelengths in the region 220 to 350 nm. The results provide a measure of the purity of the sample with respect to ultraviolet absorbing compounds.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Transmittance of Monoethylene Glycol (Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method)

ASTM E827-02 通过 Auger 电子光谱测定中的峰值识别元素的标准实施规程

Auger analysis is used to determine the elemental composition of the first few atomic layers, typically 0.5 to 2.0 nm thick, of a specimen surface. In conjunction with inert gas ion sputtering, it is used to determine the sputter depth profile to a depth of a few micrometres. The specimen is normally a solid conductor, semiconductor, or insulator. For insulators, provisions may be required for control of charge accumulation at the surface (see Guide E 1523). Typical applications include the analysis of thin film deposits or segregated overlayers on metallic or alloy substrates. The specimen topography may vary from a smooth, polished specimen to a rough fracture surface. Auger analysis of specimens with volatile species that evaporate in the ultra-high vacuum environment of the Auger chamber and substances which are susceptible to electron or X-ray beam damage, such as organic compounds, may require special techniques not covered herein. (See Guide E 983.)1.1 This practice outlines the necessary steps for the identification of elements in a given Auger spectrum obtained using conventional electron spectrometers. Spectra displayed as either the electron energy distribution (direct spectrum) or the first derivative of the electron energy distribution are considered.1.2 This practice applies to Auger spectra generated by electron or X-ray bombardment of the specimen surface and can be extended to spectra generated by other methods such as ion bombardment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Indentifying Elements by the Peaks in Auger Electron Spectroscopy

ASTM D6807-02 反向渗透率为2-100S/cm的连续电去电离作用系统的操作性能的标准试验方法

CEDI devices can be used to produce deionized water from feeds of pretreated water. This test method permits the measurement of key performance capabilities of CEDI devices using a standard set of conditions. The data obtained can be analyzed to provide information on whether changes may have occurred in operating characteristics of the device independently of any variability in feed water characteristics or operating conditions. Under specific circumstances, the method may also provide sufficient information for plant design.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating characteristics of continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) devices, indicative of deionization performance when a device is applied to production of highly deionized water from the product water of a reverse osmosis system. This test method is a procedure applicable to feed waters containing carbonic acid and/or dissolved silica and other solutes, with a conductivity range of approximately 2 to 100 microsiemens-cm-1.1.2 This test method covers the determination of operating characteristics under standard test conditions of CEDI devices where the electrically active transfer media therein is predominantly regenerated.1.3 The method is not necessarily indicative of:1.3.1 Long term performance on feed waters containing foulants and/or sparingly soluble solutes;1.3.2 Performance on feeds of brackish water, sea water, or other high salinity feeds;1.3.3 Performance on synthetic industrial feed solutions, pharmaceuticals, or process solutions of foods and beverages; or,1.3.4 Performance on feed waters less than 2 S/cm, particularly performance relating to organic solutes, colloidal or particulate matter, or biological or microbial matter.1.4 The test method, subject to the limitations described, can be applied as either an aid to predict expected deionization performance for a given feed water quality, or as a method to determine whether performance of a given device has changed over some period of time. It is ultimately, however, the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for their specific applications.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Reverse Osmosis Permeates from2 to 100 S/cm

ASTM D6844-02 橡胶组分(双-(三乙氧甲硅烷丙基)硫烷)中使用的硅烷的标准试验方法:高效液相色谱法表征

The average sulfur chain length is an important parameter in determining the behavior of the silane in a rubber mixture.1.1 This test method covers the characterization of silanes, or of admixtures of silane and carbon black (see 10.4), of the type bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)sulfane by high performance liquid chromatography.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Silanes Used in Rubber Formulations (bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)sulfanes): Characterization by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

ASTM E1634-02 溅射焰口深度测量标准导则

1.1 This guide covers the preferred procedure for acquiring and post-processing of sputter crater depth measurements. This guide is limited to stylus-type surface profilometers equipped with a stage, stylus, associated scan and sensing electronics, video system for sample and scan alignment, and computerized system.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Performing Sputter Crater Depth Measurements

ASTM D6806-02(2012) 通过气相色析法对卤代有机溶剂及其混合物分析的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers the determination of impurities, stabilizers and assay of halogenated organic solvents and their admixtures by gas chromatography. 1.2 It is not the intent of this practice to provide a specific method of gas chromatography. The intent of this practice is to define what is required for a user to demonstrate that a method to be used is valid. The reason for this approach, as opposed to stating a method, is that gas chromatography is such a dynamic field that methods are often obsolete by the time they are validated. The use of this practice allows the user to use most effective technology and demonstrate that the method in use complies with a standard practice and is valid for the analysis of halogenated organic solvents and their admixtures. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Analysis of Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D1976-02 通过电感耦合氩等离子体原子发射光谱法测定水中元素的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved, total-recoverable, or total elements in drinking water, surface water, domestic, or industrial wastewaters. 1.2 It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 Table 1 lists elements for which this test method applies, with recommended wavelengths and typical estimated instrumental detection limits using conventional pneumatic nebulization. Actual working detection limits are sample dependent and as the sample matrix varies, these detection limits may also vary. In time, other elements may be added as more information becomes available and as required. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2 and Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM E1361-02 X射线光谱测定分析中共存元素效应校正的标准指南

1.1 This guide is an introduction to mathematical procedures for correction of interelement (matrix) effects in quantitative X-ray spectrometric analysis. 1.1.1 The procedures described correct only for the interelement effect(s) arising from a homogeneous chemical composition of the specimen. Effects related to either particle size, or mineralogical or metallurgical phases in a specimen are not treated. 1.1.2 These procedures apply to both wavelength and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry where the specimen is considered to be infinitely thick, flat, and homogeneous with respect to the depth of penetration of the exciting X rays (1). 1.2 This document is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of the many different techniques employed to compensate for interelement effects. Consult References (2-5) for descriptions of other commonly used techniques such as standard addition, internal standardization, etc.

Standard Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis

ASTM E1683-02 扫描拉曼分光仪性能试验的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice is designed for routine testing of scanning Raman spectrometer performance and to assist in locating problems when performance has degraded. It is also intended as a guide for obtaining and reporting Raman spectra.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see 7.2.1. 1.3 Because of the significant dangers associated with the use of lasers, ANSI Z136.1 should be followed in conjunction with this practice.

Standard Practice for Testing the Performance of Scanning Raman Spectrometers

ASTM E1792-02 表层粉尘中铅清除取样材料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipe materials that are used to collect settled dusts on hard surfaces for the subsequent determination of lead. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust

ASTM D5015-02 电测法测定大气湿沉积物样品pH值的标准试验方法

The accurate measurement of pH in atmospheric wet deposition is an essential and critically important component in the monitoring of atmospheric wet deposition for trends in the acidity and overall air quality. Atmospheric wet deposition is, in general, a low ionic strength, unbuffered solution. Special precautions, as detailed in this test method, are necessary to ensure accurate pH measurements (1).3 Special emphasis must be placed on minimizing the effect of the residual liquid junction potential bias. This test method is applicable only to the measurement of pH in atmospheric wet deposition. Its use in other applications may result in inaccuracies. Fig. 1 provides a frequency distribution of precipitation pH values measured in conjunction with a national monitoring program within the United States. These data are an indication of the range of pH values common to atmospheric wet deposition. FIG. 1 Frequency Distribution of Measured Laboratory pH of Atmospheric Wet Deposition From the 1984 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network (NTN)1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of pH in atmospheric wet deposition samples by electrometric measurement using either a pH half cell with a reference probe or a combination electrode as the sensor. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for pH of Atmospheric Wet Deposition Samples by Electrometric Determination

ASTM D6806-02(2007)e1 利用气相色析法对卤化有机溶剂及其混合物分析的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the determination of impurities, stabilizers and assay of halogenated organic solvents and their admixtures by gas chromatography.1.2 It is not the intent of this practice to provide a specific method of gas chromatography. The intent of this practice is to define what is required for a user to demonstrate that a method to be used is valid. The reason for this approach, as opposed to stating a method, is that gas chromatography is such a dynamic field that methods are often obsolete by the time they are validated. The use of this practice allows the user to use most effective technology and demonstrate that the method in use complies with a standard practice and is valid for the analysis of halogenated organic solvents and their admixtures.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Analysis of Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D6806-02 利用气相色析法对卤化有机溶剂及其混合物分析的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the determination of impurities, stabilizers and assay of halogenated organic solvents and their admixtures by gas chromatography.1.2 It is not the intent of this practice to provide a specific method of gas chromatography. The intent of this practice is to define what is required for a user to demonstrate that a method to be used is valid. The reason for this approach, as opposed to stating a method, is that gas chromatography is such a dynamic field that methods are often obsolete by the time they are validated. The use of this practice allows the user to use most effective technology and demonstrate that the method in use complies with a standard practice and is valid for the analysis of halogenated organic solvents and their admixtures.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Analysis of Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D6802-02 用光谱法测定矿质绝缘油中可溶解的衰减产品相对含量的试验方法

The content of dissolved decay products in insulating oils is made up of a variety of compounds, such as peroxides, aldehydes, ketones, and organic acids. Each of them is partially adsorbed on the large surface of paper insulation leading to the premature aging of power transformers. The relative assessment of byproduct formation, therefore, can be used as an indicator of the aging of the mineral oil.1.1 This test method characterizes by spectrophotometry the relative level of dissolved decay products in mineral insulating oils of petroleum origin. While new oil is almost transparent to a monochromatic beam of light in the visible spectrum, the increasing concentration of dissolved decay products shift the absorbance curve to longer wavelengths.1.2 This test method is applicable to compare the extent of dissolved decay products for oils in service. It can assess the effectiveness of used or stored oil purification during the reclamation process, as well.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Test Method for Determination of the Relative Content Of Dissolved Decay Products in Mineral Insulating Oils by Spectrophotometry

ASTM E2206-02 热机械分析仪的力校验的标准方法

1.1 This method describes the calibration or performance confirmation of the electronically applied force signal for thermomechanical analyzers over the range of 0 to 1 N.1.2 SI units are the standard.1.3 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Method for Force Calibration Of Thermomechnical Analyzers