71.080.01 (Organic chemicals in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E502-06a 用于通过闭杯方法测定化学品闪点的ASTM标准的选择和使用的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below 10 to 370176;C (16 to 700176;F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D 56, D 93, D 3278, D 3828, and D 3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference.1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Append X2).1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods

ASTM E502-06 用于通过闭杯方法测定化学品闪点的ASTM标准的选择和使用的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below 10 to 370176;C (16 to 700176;F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D 56, D 93, D 3278, D 3828, and D 3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference.1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2).1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods

ASTM D1078-05 挥发性有机液体馏程的标准试验方法

This test method provides a method of measurement of distillation range of volatile organic liquids. The relative volatility of organic liquids can be used with other tests for identification and measurement of quality. Therefore, this test method provides a test procedure for assessing compliance with a specification. This test method also provides an empirical value of residue, solvent recovery capacity, and loss (or non-recovery) on heating. Organic liquids are used as solvents in many chemical processes. As the relative volatility, residual matter and recovery capability affect the efficiency of these processes, this test method is useful in manufacturing control.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the distillation range of liquids boiling between 30 and 350C, that are chemically stable during the distillation process, by manual or automatic distillation procedures.1.2 This test method is applicable to organic liquids such as hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, chemical intermediates, and blends thereof.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.5 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids

ASTM D1016-05 通过冻结点测定烃纯度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the sampling and determination of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given. The compounds to which the test method is applicable are: ( Warning-Extremely flammable liquids and liquefied gases.)n-butane1,3-butadieneisobutaneisoprene(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene)n-pentanebenzeneisopentanetoluene (methylbenzene)n-hexaneethylbenzenen-heptaneo-xylene (1,2-dimethylbenzene)n-octanem-xylene (1,3-dimethylbenzene)2,2,4-trimethylpentanep-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)methylcyclohexanestyrene (ethenylbenzene)isobutene1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections , , , and .Note 1This test method covers systems in which the impurities form with the major component a substantially ideal or sufficiently dilute solution, and also systems which deviate from the ideal laws, provided that, in the latter case, the lowering of the freezing point as a function of the concentration is known for each most probable impurity in the given substance.

Standard Test Method for Purity of Hydrocarbons from Freezing Points

ASTM E1064-05 由库仑计卡耳.费歇尔滴定法测定有机液体中水的标准试验方法

The coulometric technique is especially suited for determining low concentrations of water in organic liquids that would yield small titers by the Karl Fischer volumetric procedure. The precision and accuracy of the coulometric technique decreases for concentrations of water much greater than 2.0 % because of the difficulty in measuring the small size of sample required. The test method assumes 100 % efficiency of coulombs in iodine production. Provision is made for verifying this efficiency. (See Table 1 and Note 6.) TABLE 1 Sample Size Estimation Expected Water ContentSample Size, mL 0 to 500 mg/kg5 500 to 1000 mg/kg2 1000 to 2000 mg/kg1 0.2 to 0.5 % mass0.5 0.5 to 2.0 % mass0.1 1.1 This test method covers the determination of water from 0 to 2.0 % mass in liquid organic chemicals, with Karl Fischer reagent, using an automated coulometric titration procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 Review the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D5386-05 用三色激励比色法测试液体色度的标准试验方法

The major objective of the visual platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) method of color measurement, as defined in Test Method D 1209, is to rate specific materials for yellowness. This yellowness is frequently the result of the undesirable tendency of liquid hydrocarbons to absorb blue light due to contamination in processing, storage or shipping. Clear liquids can be rated for light absorbing yellowish or brownish contaminants, using scales that simulate the long-established visual-comparison method just cited. Where needed, dimensions of color can be reported to identify any pinkness or greenness (one dimension), or grayness.1.1 This test method covers an instrumental method for the CIE (Commission International de l'Eclairage) tristimulus measurement of the color of near-clear liquid samples. The measurement is converted to color ratings in the platinum-cobalt system.1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the color measurement of clear, liquid samples, free of haze, with nominal platinum cobalt color values in the 0 to 100 range. It is applicable to nonfluorescent liquids with light absorption characteristics similar to those of the platinum cobalt color standard solutions. Test Methods D 1686, D 2108, and E 450 deal with the visual and instrumental measurement of near-clear liquids.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded in accordance with the rounding off methods of Practice E 29.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section .

Standard Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry

ASTM D1016-05e1 通过冻结点测定烃纯度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the sampling and determination of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given. The compounds to which the test method is applicable are: ( Warning-Extremely flammable liquids and liquefied gases.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 1, 6, 8, and 10-26.Note 1This test method covers systems in which the impurities form with the major component a substantially ideal or sufficiently dilute solution, and also systems which deviate from the ideal laws, provided that, in the latter case, the lowering of the freezing point as a function of the concentration is known for each most probable impurity in the given substance.

Standard Test Method for Purity of Hydrocarbons from Freezing Points

ASTM D1016-05(2010) 通过冻结点测定烃纯度的标准试验方法

The experimental procedures and physical constants provided by this test method, when used in conjunction with Test Method D1015, allow the determination of the purity of the material under test. A knowledge of the purity of these hydrocarbons is often needed to help control their manufacture and to determine their suitability for use as reagent chemicals or for conversion to other chemical intermediates or finished products. 1.1 This test method covers the sampling and determination of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given. The compounds to which the test method is applicable are: (WarningExtremely flammable liquids and liquefied gases.) n-butane1,3-butadiene isobutaneisoprene(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) n-pentanebenzene isopentanetoluene (methylbenzene) n-hexaneethylbenzene n-heptaneo-xylene (1,2-dimethylbenzene) n-octanem-xylene (1,3-dimethylbenzene) 2,2,4-trimethylpentanep-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene) methylcyclohexanestyrene (ethenylbenzene) isobutene 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 1, 6, 8, and 10-26. Note 18212;This test method covers systems in which the impurities form with the major component a substantially ideal or sufficiently dilute solution, and also systems which deviate from the ideal laws, provided that, in the latter case, the lowering of the freezing point as a function of the concentration is known for each most probable impurity in the given substance.

Standard Test Method for Purity of Hydrocarbons from Freezing Points

ASTM D1015-05(2010) 高纯度烃冻结点的标准试验方法

The freezing point measured by this test method, when used in conjunction with the physical constants for the hydrocarbons listed in Test Method D1016, allows the determination of the purity of the material under test. A knowledge of the purity of these hydrocarbons is often needed to help control their manufacture and to determine their suitability for use as reagent chemicals or for conversion to other chemical intermediates or finished products.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the precise measurement of the freezing points of high-purity hydrocarbons. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 5.1, 6.1 and 6.2. Note 18212;For the calculation of the molal purity of essentially pure compounds from measured freezing points and for procedures to be used for the sampling and determination of purity of certain specific compounds, see Test Method D1016.

Standard Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Purity Hydrocarbons

ASTM D1015-05 高纯度烃冻结点的标准试验方法

The freezing point measured by this test method, when used in conjunction with the physical constants for the hydrocarbons listed in Test Method D 1016, allows the determination of the purity of the material under test. A knowledge of the purity of these hydrocarbons is often needed to help control their manufacture and to determine their suitability for use as reagent chemicals or for conversion to other chemical intermediates or finished products.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the precise measurement of the freezing points of high-purity hydrocarbons.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 5.1, 6.1 and 6.2 . Note 1For the calculation of the molal purity of essentially pure compounds from measured freezing points and for procedures to be used for the sampling and determination of purity of certain specific compounds, see Test Method D 1016.

Standard Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Purity Hydrocarbons

ASTM D1016-05(2015) 通过冻结点测定烃纯度的标准试验方法

4.1 The experimental procedures and physical constants provided by this test method, when used in conjunction with Test Method D1015, allow the determination of the purity of the material under test. A knowledge of the purity of these hydrocarbons is often needed to help control their manufacture and to determine their suitability for use as reagent chemicals or for conversion to other chemical intermediates or finished products. 1.1 This test method covers the sampling and determination of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given.2 The compounds to which the test method is applicable are: (Warning—Extremely flammable liquids and liquefied gases.) n-butane 1,3-butadiene isobutane isoprene(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) n-pentane benzene isopentane toluene (methylbenzene) n-hexane ethylbenzene n-heptane o-xylene (1,2-dimethylbenzene) n-octane m-xylene (1,3-dimethylbenzene) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)

Standard Test Method for Purity of Hydrocarbons from Freezing Points

ASTM E1064-04 用库仑计卡尔费歇尔滴定法测定有机液体中水含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water from 0 to 2.0 % mass in liquid organic chemicals, with Karl Fischer reagent, using an automated coulometric titration procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 Review the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .

Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D5386-04 使用三色激励测色法的液体颜色的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers an instrumental method for the CIE (Commission International de l'Eclairage) tristimulus measurement of the color of near-clear liquid samples. The measurement is converted to color ratings in the platinum-cobalt system.1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the color measurement of clear, liquid samples, free of haze, with nominal platinum cobalt color values in the 0 to 30 range. It is applicable to nonfluorescent liquids with light absorption characteristics similar to those of the platinum cobalt color standard solutions. Test Methods D 1686, D 2108, and E 450 deal with the visual and instrumental measurement of near-clear liquids.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry

ASTM D1078-03 挥发性有机液体馏程的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the distillation range of liquids boiling between 30 and 350C, that are chemically stable during the distillation process, by manual or automatic distillation procedures.1.2 This test method is applicable to organic liquids such as hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, chemical intermediates, and blends thereof.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids

ASTM D6875-03 用热敏电阻测定工业用有机化学品凝固点的标准试验方法

This test method may be used for process control during the manufacture of organic chemicals described in Section 1, for setting specifications, for development and research work, and to determine if contamination was introduced during shipment.1.1 This test method covers a general procedure for determining the solidification point of most organic chemicals having appreciable heats of fusion and solidification points between 4 and 41176;C.Note 18212;Other test methods for determining freeze point and solidification point of aromatic hydrocarbons include Test Methods D 852, D 1015, D 1016, D 1493, D 3799, D 4493, and D 6269.1.2 This test method is applicable to relatively pure compounds only. Solidification point depression is dependent on impurity concentrations.1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with applicable specifications using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the "rounding-off method" of Practice E 29.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8, Hazards.

Standard Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor

ASTM D5236-03(2007) 重型烃类混合物蒸馏的标准试验方法(真空罐式蒸馏法)

This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges. The fractions made by this test method can be used alone or in combination with other fractions to produce samples for analytical studies and quality evaluations. Residues to be used in the manufacture of asphalt can also be made but may not always be suitable. The long heat soaking that occurs in this test method may alter some of the properties. Note 18212; While the practice of reblending distillates with residue can be done to produce a lighter residue, it is not recommended because it produces blends with irregular properties. Details of cutpoints must be mutually agreed upon before the test begins. This is a complex procedure involving many interacting variables. It is most important that at the time of first use of a new apparatus, its components be checked as detailed in Annex A1 and Annex A2 and that the location of the vapor temperature sensor be verified as detailed in 6.5.3 and Fig. 1.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150°C (300°F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated. 1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation. 1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565°C (1050°F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples. 1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400°C (752°F) AET is Test Method D 2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150°C (302°F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable. 1.5 This test method contains the following annexes: 1.5.1 Annex A18212;Test Method for Determination of Temperature Response Time, 1.5.2 Annex A28212;Practice for Calibration of Sensors, 1.5.3 Annex A38212;Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet Sample of Oil, 1.5.4 Annex A48212;Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), and 1.5.5 Annex A58212;Test Method for Determination of Wettage.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

ASTM E300-03(2009) 工业化学品抽样的的标准实施规程

Representative samples of industrial chemicals are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications. The objective of sampling is to obtain a small portion (spot sample) of material from a selected area within a container which is representative of the material in the area or, in the case of running or all-level samples, a sample whose composition is representative of the total material in the container. A series of spot samples may be combined to create a representative sample. Manual and Automatic Sampling Considerations8212;The selection of manual or automatic sampling devices is part of establishing a sampling plan applied under all conditions within the scope of this practice provided that the proper sampling procedures are followed. Both types of sampling are commonly used for liquid, solid, and slurry sampling and require adherence to the following: An adequate frequency of sampling must be selected. The equipment to support manual or automatic sampling systems may be obtained commercially, fabricated from the designs presented in this practice, or constructed as needed to satisfy process design or other specific requirements. The sampling equipment must be maintained on a regular basis, and the sampling plan adopted must be strictly followed.1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling several classes of industrial chemicals. It also includes recommendations for determining the number and location of such samples, to ensure their being representative of the lot in accordance with accepted probability sampling principles. 1.2 Although this practice describes specific procedures for sampling various liquids, solids, and slurries, in bulk or in packages, these recommendations only outline the principles to be observed. They should not take precedence over specific sampling instructions contained in other ASTM product or method standards. 1.3 These procedures are covered as follows: Sections Statistical Considerations 7-11 Simple Liquids 12-27 Solids 28-35 Slurries 36-41 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 6, 19, 20, 30, 34 and 37.

Standard Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals

ASTM D1218-02(2007) 液态烃的折射率和折射分散度的标准试验方法

Refractive index and refractive dispersion are fundamental physical properties, which can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive index, accurate to four decimal places or better, of transparent and light-colored hydrocarbons in the range of 1.3300 to 1.5000 at temperatures from 20 to 30°C by manual (optical-mechanical) or automatic (digital) procedure. 1.2 The manual (optical-mechanical) procedure also covers the measurement of refractive dispersion accurate to the fourth decimal place or better. Note 18212;The test method may be suitable for measuring the refractive indices of liquids above 1.5000 and at temperatures both below 20°C and above 30°C; however, the test method precision may not apply. Verification of the accuracy of such measurements will depend upon the availability of reliable, certified reference standards that demonstrate the performance of the instrument used under the particular measuring conditions. 1.3 The test method may not be applicable to liquids that are strongly colored, or that have bubble points so near the test temperature that a reading cannot be obtained before substantial weathering takes place. Liquid color should be limited to No. 4 ASTM Color or lighter, as determined by Test Method D 1500. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids

ASTM D5236-02 重型烃类混合物蒸馏的标准试验方法(真空罐式蒸馏法)

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150176;C (300176;F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residua. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation. 1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565176;C (10570176;F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400176;C (752176;F) AET is Test Method D 2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 1508212;C (302176;F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:1.5.1 Annex A18212;Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.5.2 Annex A28212;Practice for Calibration of Sensors,1.5.3 Annex A38212;Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet Sample of Oil,1.5.4 Annex A48212;Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), and1.5.5 Annex A58212;Test Method for Determination of Wettage.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.6 and A2.3.1.3.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

ASTM E1148-02 水溶解度测量用标准试验方法

The solubility of organics is a basic physical parameter needed for the prediction of the fate of a chemical in the environment (6). 4.1.1 The ionic strength and organic content of natural waters may cause an apparent decrease or increase from the value obtained in pure water. Data on this can be obtained in the laboratory by modifying the reagent water to simulate natural waters.1.1 This test method covers procedures for measurement of the solubility of organic compounds in water. Three procedures are described which will work over a variety of solubility ranges. These procedures are not appropriate for compounds that react with water or air at ambient conditions.1.2 The procedure chosen will depend on the estimated solubility of the compound. This may be obtained from literature values (see Refs 1, 2, 3) by correlation with other parameters (4) or by analogy with the solubility of similar compounds.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurements of Aqueous Solubility