71.100.40 (Surface active agents) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4921-95(2006) 室温下发动机冷却剂发泡倾向的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method applies to a simple shake test for evaluating the tendency of an aqueous solution of engine coolant to foam at room temperature. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants at Room Temperature

ASTM G127-95(2000) 氧气装置用清洗剂的选择标准导则

The purpose of this guide is to provide information that may be considered when selecting and qualifying a cleaning agent for an oxygen system. Insufficient cleanliness can result in the ignition of contaminants or components by a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, an acceptable level of contamination for each condition of use in oxygen service should be defined. The acceptable level of contamination may depend on various factors, such as: 3.2.1 The nature and type of the contaminants, 3.2.2 The location and degree of contamination, 3.2.3 The type of substrate material, 3.2.4 The configuration and end use of the equipment or part to be cleaned, and 3.2.5 The operating parameters of the oxygen system (pressure, temperature, phase, concentration, fluid velocity, etc.).1.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a procedure to select cleaning agents, both solvents and water-based detergents, for oxygen service. This includes of laboratory-scale tests for cleaning effectiveness, materials compatibility and oxygen compatibility. 1.2 The effectiveness of a particular cleaning agent depends upon the method by which it is used, the nature and type of the contaminants, and the characteristics of the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and production processes. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen Systems

ASTM D1782-95(2001) 粒状阳离子交换材料使用性能的标准试验方法

Cation exchange materials are frequently used in the sodium form to exchange divalent and trivalent ions in the influent water for sodium ions on the resin sites. This process is commonly referred to as softening water since it removes those ions that form a “hard” curd of insoluble salts with the fatty acids used in some soaps and that also precipitate when water is boiled. In such a process, sodium chloride is used as the regenerant to return the cation-exchanging groups to the sodium form. This test method is intended to simulate the performance of such materials in actual usage. It may be used either to compare the performance of new materials or to compare the performance of a material that has been used with its original performance. Regenerant concentrations and dosages used herein are typical for the types of materials used in this application. If different concentrations or amounts of regenerant are agreed upon by parties using this test method, this fact should be stated when the results are reported. Similarly, the test water specified is the agreed upon standard. Where other test waters or the water to be treated are used in the test, the analysis of the water in terms of total solids, sodium, calcium, magnesium, other di- or trivalent metals as well as the major anions present should be reported with the test results. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating capacity of particulate cation-exchange materials when used for the removal of calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions from water. It is intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following two test methods are included: SectionsTest Method A-Sodium Cycle8 to 14Test Method B-Hydrogen Cycle15 to 211.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange Materials

ASTM D1172-95(2007) 肥皂和洗涤剂水溶液pH值的标准测试方法

1.1 This guide covers the preparation of aqueous solutions of soaps and detergents and the determination of their pH.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Guide for pH of Aqueous Solutions of Soaps and Detergents

ASTM D2667-95(2001) 烷基苯磺酸盐生物降解能力的标准试验方法

This test method is designed to determine whether the sulfonate tested will be removed sufficiently by usual methods of sewage treatment for the effluent to be safely discharged to the environment without further treatment. If the surfactant reduction in the presumptive test equals or exceeds 90 %, the material is considered to be adequately biodegradable without further testing. If the surfactant reduction in the presumptive test is between 80 and 90 %, the material should be subjected to the confirming test. If the surfactant reduction in the presumptive test is below 80 %, the material is considered inadequately biodegradable. If it is necessary to run the confirming test, the surfactant reduction in this test must be at least 90 % for the material to be considered adequately biodegradable. An example of data from both the presumptive and confirming test can be found in Appendix X4. PRESUMPTIVE TEST (SHAKE CULTURE) Top 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of biodegradability of alkylbenzene sulfonates. It serves as an index of the suitability of the sulfonate for general use as a surfactant. 1.2 In general, this test method distinguishes between sulfonates in which the alkyl side chains are linear and those in which they are branched, since the former are more readily biodegradable. If the alkylbenzene sulfonate in fully formulated products is to be examined, it must be extracted using the method noted in Annex A1. (See Appendix X1 for data.) 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Biodegradability of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates

ASTM D1290-95(2008) 用离心机测定水乳化抛光剂中沉积物的标准试验方法

This test method determines the amount of sediment in water-emulsion polishes. Sediment is generally believed to have negative effects on water-emulsion polish properties.^SCOPE: 1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in water-emulsion polishes by means of a centrifuge. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Water-Emulsion Polishes by Centrifuge

ASTM D4008-95(2009) 测量洗衣用洗涤剂防污物沉积性的标准试验方法(不适于洗涤剂的分级)

The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally soiled articles. A suggested procedure for comparing the performance of any two laundry detergents or naturally soiled family items in home laundry equipment, under controlled conditions on a paired comparison basis, is described in Method D2960.1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance. 1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience. 1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)

ASTM D5547-95(2009) 原子吸收法测定粉未洗涤剂中的粘土和沸石的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers atomic absorption tests applicable to powdered laundry detergents containing clay and zeolite. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Clay and Zeolite in Powdered Laundry Detergents by Atomic Absorption

ASTM D2187-94(1998) 微粒离子交换树脂的物理和化学性质的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. They are intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following thirteen test methods are included: Sections Test Method A--Pretreatment 6 to 10 Test Method B--Water Retention Capacity 11 to 17 Test Method C--Backwashed and Settled Density 18 to 24 Test Method D--Particle Size Distribution 25 to 32 Test Method E--Salt-Splitting Capacity of Cation- 33 to 41 Exchange Resins Test Method F--Total Capacity of Cation-Exchange 42 to 50 Resins Test Method G--Percent Regeneration of Hydrogen- 51 to 58 Form Cation-Exchange Resins Test Method H--Total and Salt-Splitting Capacity of 59 to 66 Anion-Exchange Resins Test Method I--Percent Regeneration of Anion Ex- 67 to 75 change Resins Test Method J--Ionic Chloride Content of Anion- 76 to 83 Exchange Resins Test Method K--Carbonate Content of Anion-Ex- 84 to 91 change Resins Test Method L--Sulfate Content of Anion Exchange 92 to 99 Resins Test Method M--Total Anion Capacity of Anion- 100 to 108 Exchange Resins 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1.

Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange Resins

ASTM D2187-94(2004) 粒状离子交换树脂的物理化学特性的标准试验方法

The ionic form of an ion-exchange material affects both its equivalent mass and its equilibrium water content. These in turn influence the numerical values obtained in exchange capacity determinations, in density measurements, and in the size of the particles. To provide a uniform basis for comparison, therefore, the sample should be converted to a known ionic form before analysis. This procedure provides for the conversion of cation-exchange materials to the sodium form and anion-exchange materials to the chloride form prior to analysis. These forms are chosen since they permit samples to be weighed and dried without concern for air contamination or decomposition. If other ionic forms are used this fact should be noted in reporting the results.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. They are intended for use in testing both new and used materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1.

Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange Resins

ASTM D2187-94(2009) 粒状离子交换树脂的物理化学特性的标准试验方法

The ionic form of an ion-exchange material affects both its equivalent mass and its equilibrium water content. These in turn influence the numerical values obtained in exchange capacity determinations, in density measurements, and in the size of the particles. To provide a uniform basis for comparison, therefore, the sample should be converted to a known ionic form before analysis. This procedure provides for the conversion of cation-exchange materials to the sodium form and anion-exchange materials to the chloride form prior to analysis. These forms are chosen since they permit samples to be weighed and dried without concern for air contamination or decomposition. If other ionic forms are used this fact should be noted in reporting the results.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. They are intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following thirteen test methods are included: Sections Test Method A—Pretreatment 6-10 Test Method B—Water Retention Capacity11-17 Test Method C—Backwashed and Settled Density18-24 Test Method D—Particle Size Distribution25-32 Test Method E—Salt-Splitting Capacity of Cation- Exchange Resins33-41 Test Method F—Total Capacity of Cation-Exchange Resins42-50 Test Method G—Percent Regeneration of Hydrogen- Form Cation-Exchange Resins51-58 Test Method H—Total and Salt-Splitting Capacity of Anion-Exchange Resins59-66 Test Method I—Percent Regeneration of Anion Exchange Resins67-75 Test Method J—Ionic Chloride Content of Anion- Exchange Resins76-83 Test Method K—Carbonate Content of Anion- Exchange Resins84-91 Test Method L—Sulfate Content of Anion Exchange Resins92-99 Test Method M—Total Anion Capacity of Anion- Exchange Resins 100-108 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ......

Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange Resins

ASTM D2187-94(2009)e1 粒状离子交换树脂的物理化学特性的标准试验方法

The ionic form of an ion-exchange material affects both its equivalent mass and its equilibrium water content. These in turn influence the numerical values obtained in exchange capacity determinations, in density measurements, and in the size of the particles. To provide a uniform basis for comparison, therefore, the sample should be converted to a known ionic form before analysis. This procedure provides for the conversion of cation-exchange materials to the sodium form and anion-exchange materials to the chloride form prior to analysis. These forms are chosen since they permit samples to be weighed and dried without concern for air contamination or decomposition. If other ionic forms are used this fact should be noted in reporting the results.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. They are intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following thirteen test methods are included: 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.8.

Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange Resins

ASTM D820-93(2003) 含合成洗涤剂肥皂的化学分析标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order: SectionsMoisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105176;C (Oven Method)5 and 6Free Alkali or Free Acid7 and 8Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap9-12Alcohol-Soluble Matter13 and 14Matter Insoluble in Water15Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)16 and 17Sodium Silicate18-20Phosphates21-28Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)29-34Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter35-39Free Fatty Matter40Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter41-43Rosin (McNicoll Method)44-47Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)48Neutral, Inorganic Salts491.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents

ASTM D4009-92(2011) 手洗餐具洗涤剂泡沫稳定性的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides guidelines for several techniques of measuring the foam stability of light-duty hand dishwashing detergent products in the presence of artificially applied test-food soils. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of products, for quality control and as a basis between the formulator and supplier in standardizing specific products' performance. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents

ASTM D1681-92(1997) 用阳离子滴定程序对洗涤剂中合成阴离子活性成分的标准试验方法

1.1 Direct titration of an anionic surfactant with a standardized cationic reagent is a simple and convenient method for the quantitative determination of the content of active ingredient. The end point is detected by the transfer of a colored complex from an organic solvent phase to an aqueous phase. The relationship between anionic and cationic agents is not always stoichiometric, and for maximum accuracy the anionic type of interest should first be characterized and then used to standardize the cationic reagent. In most cases, however, the different anionic surfactants likely to be encountered react in the same proportions. That is, a cationic titrating solution standardized against a characterized anionic agent can be used to analyze other anionics of known molecular weights. 1.2 This test method is applicable to alkylaryl sulfonates and fatty alkyl sulfates. Low results are obtained with alkyl- benzene sulfonates having the alkyl chain length less than eight carbon atoms. Low results are also obtained for alkyl sulfates with the alkyl chain length of less than twelve carbon atoms. The anionic surfactants characterized in accordance with Sections 16 to 22 should be the sodium salt and not amine, ammonium, or potassium salts. In case only amine or ammonium salts are available, they should be first converted to the sodium salt before proceeding with this analysis. 1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order: Sections Separation of Alcohol-Soluble Matter 7 and 8 Separation of Oil-Free Sulfonate 9 and 10 Determination of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Content 11 to 16 Characterization of Anionic Surfactant Standard: Part I. Determination of Surfactant, SO3 Content, and 17 to 19 Solution Molarity Part II. Determination of Surfactant, SO3 and Active 20 to 23 Ingredient Contents Combining Weight, and Solution Molarity Standardization of Cationic Reagent 24 to 28 Quantitative Determination of Anionic Surfactant by Cationic 29 to 32 Titration

Standard Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Active Ingredient in Detergents by Cationic Titration Procedure

ASTM D4009-92(2006) 人工洗碗用洗涤剂泡沫的稳定性

1.1 This guide provides guidelines for several techniques of measuring the foam stability of light-duty hand dishwashing detergent products in the presence of artificially applied test-food soils. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of products, for quality control and as a basis between the formulator and supplier in standardizing specific products' performance.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents

ASTM D4009-92(1997) 手洗餐具洗涤剂泡沫稳定性的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides guidelines for several techniques of measuring the foam stability of light-duty hand dishwashing detergent products in the presence of artificially applied test-food soils. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of products, for quality control and as a basis between the formulator and supplier in standardizing specific products'' performance. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents

ASTM D5217-91(2004) 微粒离子交换材料污染和降解的检测

Resins used in demineralization systems may deteriorate due to many factors including chemical attack, fouling by organic and inorganic materials, mishandling, or the effects of aging. Detection of degradation or fouling may be important in determining the cause of poor demineralizer performance.1.1 This guide presents a series of tests and evaluations intended to detect fouling and degradation of particulate ion exchange materials. Suggestions on reducing fouling and on cleaning resins are given.1.2 This guide is to be used only as an aid in the evaluation of particulate ion exchange material performance and does not purport to address all possible causes of unsatisfactory performance. The evaluations of mechanical and operational problems are not addressed.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Detection of Fouling and Degradation of Particulate Ion Exchange Materials

ASTM D460-91(2014) 皂和皂制品的化学分析取样试验方法

3.1 Soap and soap products are widely used. These test methods are suitable for setting specifications and performing quality control on soap and soap products. 1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of cake, powdered, flake, liquid, and paste soaps, and soap products. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order: Sampling   Section General Requirements  4 Cake Soaps, Flake and Powdered Soap Products when Packed in Cans or Cartons  5 Flake and Powdered Soap Products when in Bulk  6 Liquid Soap  7 Paste Soap Products  8 Preparation of Samples  9 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis Safety Precautions 10 Purity of Reagents 11 Duplicate Tests 12 Moisture: 8199;Choice of Method 13 8199;Meth......

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Soaps and Soap Products

ASTM D460-91(2005) 皂和皂制品的化学分析取样试验方法

Soap and soap products are widely used. These test methods are suitable for setting specifications and performing quality control on soap and soap products.1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of cake, powdered, flake, liquid, and paste soaps, and soap products.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 10. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Soaps and Soap Products