71.100.40 (Surface active agents) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D3087-91(1998) 清除强酸用阴离子交换材料使用性能的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating capacity of anion-exchange materials when used for the removal of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid from water. It is designed to simulate operating conditions for strong acid removal and is intended for use in testing both new and used materials. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1.

Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal

ASTM D3087-91(2009) 清除强酸用阴离子交换材料使用性能的标准试验方法

This test method can be used for evaluating performance of commercially available anion-exchange materials regardless of the basic strength of the ion exchange groups. When previous operating history is known, a good interpretation of resin fouling or malfunction can be obtained by comparison against a reference sample of unused ion-exchange material evaluated in the same way. While resistivity has been chosen as the preferred analytical method for defining the exhaustion end point, with titration as the alternative, it is understood that observation of pH during rinse and the service run can yield useful information. The variations in pH observed with an ion exchange material suspected of having degraded, can be helpful in interpretation of performance when compared with similar data for a reference sample of unused material exhausted in the same way.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating capacity of anion-exchange materials when used for the removal of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid from water. It is designed to simulate operating conditions for strong acid removal and is intended for use in testing both new and used materials. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note .

Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Anion-Exchange Materials for Strong Acid Removal

ASTM D5217-91(1998) 检测微粒离子交换材料结垢和降解的标准指南

1.1 This guide presents a series of tests and evaluations intended to detect fouling and degradation of particulate ion exchange materials. Suggestions on reducing fouling and on cleaning resins are given. 1.2 This guide is to be used only as an aid in the evaluation of particulate ion exchange material performance and does not purport to address all possible causes of unsatisfactory performance. The evaluations of mechanical and operational problems are not addressed. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Detection of Fouling and Degradation of Particulate Ion Exchange Materials

ASTM D5042-90(2009) 估计微粒阴离子交换树脂有机污垢的标准试验方法

One of the major factors in the unsatisfactory performance of anion exchange resins is their fouling by organic material. Knowledge of the degree of fouling can be used to assess the condition of the resin and may indicate the need for pretreatment of the influent, remedial cleaning procedures, or resin replacement. It is recognized that this test method may not remove and detect cation sloughage products or declumping agents. It is not intended to remove all organic compounds from the resin. Since the chemical structures of organics compounds fouling the resin are generally unknown and are expressed only on the basis of their carbon content, interpretation of test results to form a basis for predictions for resin performance or cleaning procedures should be approached with caution. Samples may be taken before or after plant regeneration, or both, depending on the type of information desired. This decision is left to the judgment of the user.1.1 This test method provides a general estimate of the organic fouling of an anion exchange resin based upon total organic carbon measurements. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 8.3.

Standard Test Method for Estimating the Organic Fouling of Particulate Anion Exchange Resins

ASTM D5042-90(1998) 估计微粒阴离子交换树脂有机污垢的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides a general estimate of the organic fouling of an anion exchange resin based upon total organic carbon measurements. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Note 1.

Standard Test Method for Estimating the Organic Fouling of Particulate Anion Exchange Resins

ASTM D4954-89(2009) 洗涤剂中测定次氮基三乙酸酯的标准试验方法

This test method is suitable in research, development, and manufacturing control to monitor the level of NTA, a sequestering agent, in powder and liquid detergents. Accurate determination of a sequestering agent is important in evaluating cost and performance of detergent products.1.1 This test method describes the determination of nitrilotriacetates (NTA) in detergents. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see 6.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrilotriacetates in Detergents

ASTM D3598-89(2009) 合成清洁剂中的柠檬酸盐的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the enzymatic determination of citrate in both liquid and solid synthetic detergents. The test method is applicable to most detergents containing citrate at a minimum concentration of approximately 5 % (1-8). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Citrate in Synthetic Detergents

ASTM D4251-89(2009) 用电势滴定法测定阴离子表面活化剂中活性物质的标准试验方法

Anionic surfactants are the most widely used of the synthetic detergents. ASTM methods in current use for their determination involve two-phase aqueous/chloroform titrations with the organic dyes methylene blue (Test Method D1681) or disulphine blue/dimidium bromide (Test Method D3049) as indicators. One advantage of the potentiometric method is that it eliminates the use of chloroform whose use is restricted for environmental and toxicological reasons. This test method is intended for use as described in 1.1.1.1 This test method describes a potentiometric titration procedure for determining the anionic active matter in detergents. It is intended for the analysis of anionic surfactants such as detergent range alkylbenzenesulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, and alcohol ethosulfates. It has not been tested for surfactant formulations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Active Matter in Anionic Surfactants by Potentiometric Titration

ASTM D4337-89(2009) 直链洗涤剂烷基化物分析的标准试验方法

These test methods are suitable for setting specifications on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufacturing process. The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufacturing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently identified to allow determination of tetralins, and small unidentified components are reported as tetralins and unidentifieds. Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may be used to ensure that the chloride content of the alkylate is not excessive for a particular end use. The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining that the color of the linear detergent alkylate will not contribute to the color of the end use product. The refractive index and specific gravity tests are possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants. The water test is suitable for determining that linear detergent alkylates do not contain amounts of water deleterious to further processing.1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those properties which characterize linear detergent alkylates with respect to its suitability for desired uses. Note 18212;Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate characteristics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.

Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates

ASTM D4608-89(2009) 洗涤剂中柠檬酸的标准试验方法

This test method is suitable in research, development, and manufacturing control to monitor the level of citrate, a sequestering agent, in powder and liquid detergents. Accurate determination of sequestering agent is important in evaluating cost and performance of detergent products.1.1 This test method covers a potentiometric titration procedure for the determination of citrate in liquid and powder detergents. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Citrate in Detergents

ASTM D4608-89(2003) 洗涤剂中柠檬酸的试验方法

This test method is suitable in research, development, and manufacturing control to monitor the level of citrate, a sequestering agent, in powder and liquid detergents. Accurate determination of sequestering agent is important in evaluating cost and performance of detergent products.1.1 This test method covers a potentiometric titration procedure for the determination of citrate in liquid and powder detergents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Citrate in Detergents

ASTM D2358-89(2009) 剂和合成洗涤剂中活性组分分离的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the separation and purification of active ingredient from surfactants and syndet compositions. The separated active ingredient may be used for qualitative examinations. This test method also permits the estimation of total active ingredient level present in the sample under test. 1.2 This test method yields the active ingredient together with other alcohol-soluble materials and therefore is useful only in estimating the actual active ingredient level. Correction for the amount of the most common contaminant, sodium chloride, is shown by a separate determination. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Separation of Active Ingredient from Surfactant and Syndet Compositions

ASTM D2023-89(2009) 洗涤剂中甲苯磺酸钠分析的标准试验方法

This test method is of use to anyone engaged in compositional analysis of detergent formulations. This would include formulators, and analysts employed by companies that manufacture the components usually included in such formulations.1.1 This test method covers the analysis for the apparent sodium toluene sulfonate (NaTS) content of detergents. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method of Analysis for Sodium Toluene Sulfonate in Detergents

ASTM D1768-89(2009) 用紫外线吸收法对合成洗涤剂中烷基苯磺酸钠含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers commercial synthetic detergents and built detergent formulations that do not contain organic additives such as amides. Optical dyes and materials normally found in formulated detergents do not interfere; however, materials other than sulfonates that possess strong ultraviolet absorptions must be absent. The indicated sample size and aliquoting scheme is based on samples containing 30 to 40% of active ingredient. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption

ASTM D4337-89(2003) 直链洗涤剂烷基化物的分析试验方法

These test methods are suitable for setting specifications on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufacturing process. The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufacturing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently identified to allow determination of tetralins, and small unidentified components are reported as tetralins and unidentifieds. Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may be used to ensure that the chloride content of the alkylate is not excessive for a particular end use. The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining that the color of the linear detergent alkylate will not contribute to the color of the end use product. The refractive index and specific gravity tests are possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants. The water test is suitable for determining that linear detergent alkylates do not contain amounts of water deleterious to further processing. FIG. 1 Typical Gas Chromatic Scan of an Alkylate1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those properties which characterize linear detergent alkylates with respect to its suitability for desired uses.Note 18212;Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate characteristics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.1.2 The test methods appear as follows: SectionComposition by Gas Chromatography7-15Chlorides16-27Color28-30Refractive Index31-33Specific Gravity34-36Water37-391.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. See also NOTE 1 and Section 21.

Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates

ASTM D3048-89(2003) 碱性朊酶的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the assay of alkaline protease enzymes. This procedure is applicable to enzyme preparations with high activity but is inapplicable to formulated detergent products or air samples.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method of Assay for Alkaline Protease

ASTM D3049-89(2003) 用氧离子滴定法合成阴离子配合剂的测试方法

This test method offers a means of determining anionic detergents commonly found in laundry, dishwashing, and other cleaning materials. Accurate determination of the anionic active substance is highly important in assessing the cost and effectiveness of such cleaning substances. This test method is not affected by low molecular weight sulfonates, such as those of toluene and xylene commonly found in detergent formulations, when these substances are present up to 15 weight % of active material.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of synthetic anionic ingredient in a surfactant by direct titration with a standardized cationic reagent. The test method is a simple and convenient means for the quantitative estimation of the anionic material. The end point is detected by the transfer of a colored complex from an organic solvent phase to an aqueous phase. The colored complex is formed by the addition of a solution of dye to a solution of the anionic surfactant. This complex is soluble in the organic-solvent phase and insoluble in the aqueous phase. When this solution is titrated with a standardized solution of a cationic reagent, the dye is displaced from the colored complex and, being water-soluble, migrates to the aqueous phase. Therefore, a cationic titrating solution that has been standardized against a characterized anionic agent can be used to analyze for other anionics of known molecular mass.1.2 This test method is applicable to alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and hydroxy-sulfates, alkylphenol- and fatty alcohol ethoxy-sulfates and dialkylsulfosuccinates. It applies to active materials containing one hydrophilic group per molecule.1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:SectionsReagents6Primary Standard8Purity8.2Alcohols8.3Free Acid or Alkali8.4Preparation of Mixed Indicator Solution9Preparation of Hyamine Solution10 Standardization of Hyamine Solution11General Procedure for Anionic-Active Material121.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A precautionary statement appears in Section 7. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Ingredient by Cationic Titration

ASTM D1768-89(2003) 用紫外线吸收法对合成洗涤剂中烷基苯磺酸钠含量的测试方法

1.1 This test method covers commercial synthetic detergents and built detergent formulations that do not contain organic additives such as amides. Optical dyes and materials normally found in formulated detergents do not interfere; however, materials other than sulfonates that possess strong ultraviolet absorptions must be absent. The indicated sample size and aliquoting scheme is based on samples containing 30 to 40% of active ingredient.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption

ASTM D4954-89(2003) 洗涤剂中测定次氮基三乙酸酯的试验方法

This test method is suitable in research, development, and manufacturing control to monitor the level of NTA, a sequestering agent, in powder and liquid detergents. Accurate determination of a sequestering agent is important in evaluating cost and performance of detergent products.1.1 This test method describes the determination of nitrilotriacetates (NTA) in detergents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see 6.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrilotriacetates in Detergents

ASTM D4251-89(2003) 用电势滴定法测定阴离子表面活性剂中活性物质含量的标准试验方法

Anionic surfactants are the most widely used of the synthetic detergents. ASTM methods in current use for their determination involve two-phase aqueous/chloroform titrations with the organic dyes methylene blue (Test Method D 1681) or disulphine blue/dimidium bromide (Test Method D 3049) as indicators. One advantage of the potentiometric method is that it eliminates the use of chloroform whose use is restricted for environmental and toxicological reasons. This test method is intended for use as described in 1.1.1.1 This test method describes a potentiometric titration procedure for determining the anionic active matter in detergents. It is intended for the analysis of anionic surfactants such as detergent range alkylbenzenesulfonates, 945;-olefin sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, and alcohol ethosulfates. It has not been tested for surfactant formulations.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Active Matter in Anionic Surfactants by Potentiometric Titration