75.080 (Petroleum products in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D189-05 石油产品康拉孙残碳的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 0) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D 482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 0 and Note 0). Note 0The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.Note 0Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see ), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.Note 4The test results are equivalent to Test Method D 4530, (see ).Note 0In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D 4046.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products

ASTM D6450-05(2010) 连续密封杯测闪点(CCCFP)试验器的标准试验方法

The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and classify them. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline.1.1 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available, and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method. Note 18212;Flash point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different from that specified. 1.2 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuel oils, lube oils, solvents, and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester. The measurement is made on a test specimen of 1 mL. 1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber. 1.4 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 10 to 250°C. Note 28212;Flash point determinations below 10°C and above 250°C can be performed; however, the precision has not been determined below and above these temperatures. 1.5 If the user''s specification requires a defined flash point method other than this test method, neither this test method nor any other method should be substituted for the prescribed method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, and pressure is in kilo-pascals. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the standard.

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed Cup (CCCFP) Tester

ASTM D7213-05 气体色谱法确定沸程在100至615℃的石油馏份的沸程划分标准试验方法

The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties. This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include light and medium petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D 2887 (538°C) and below Test Method D 6352 (700°C). Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are theoretically equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D 2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D 86 or D 1160.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. This test method is applicable to petroleum distillates having an initial boiling point greater than 100176;C and a final boiling point less than 615176;C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.1.2 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum distillates containing low molecular weight components (for example, naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example, alcohols, ethers, acids or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D 3710, D 2887, D 6352, or D 5307.1.3 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615176;C by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D6450-05 用连续闭杯闪点(CCCFP)试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法

The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and classify them. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline.1.1 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available, and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.Note 1Flash point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different from that specified.1.2 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuel oils, lube oils, solvents, and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester. The measurement is made on a test specimen of 1 mL.1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.1.4 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 10 to 250C.Note 2Flash point determinations below 10176;C and above 250176;C can be performed; however, the precision has not been determined below and above these temperatures.1.5 If the user's specification requires a defined flash point method other than this test method, neither this test method nor any other method should be substituted for the prescribed method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Temperatures are in degree Celsius, and pressure is in kilo-pascals.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the standard.

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed Cup (CCCFP) Tester

ASTM D5762-05 用蒸发皿入口化学发光法测定石油和石油产品中镍含量的标准试验方法

Many nitrogen compounds can contaminate refinery catalysts. They tend to be the most difficult class of compounds to hydrogenate, so the nitrogen content remaining in the product of a hydrotreator is a measure of the effectiveness of the hydrotreating process. In lubricating oils the concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen containing additives. This test method is intended for use in plant control and in research.1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen in liquid hydrocarbons, including petroleum process streams and lubricating oils in the concentration range from 40 to 10 000 g/g nitrogen. For light hydrocarbons containing less than 100 g/g nitrogen, Test Method D 4629 can be more appropriate.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6, 7.1, 8.2, and 8.2.2.

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence

ASTM D5304-05 氧超压条件下评定中间馏出燃料储存稳定性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for assessing the potential storage stability of middle distillate fuels such as Grade No. 1D and Grade No. 2D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D 975.1.2 This test method is applicable to either freshly refined fuels or fuels already in storage.1.3 This test method is suitable for fuels containing stabilizer additives as well as fuels containing no such additives.1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on other suggested test times and temperatures for which this test method may be used.1.5 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 4.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.4, 10.1, and 10.2.

Standard Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure

ASTM D5772-05 石油产品始凝点的标准试验方法(线性冷却率法)

For petroleum products and diesel fuels, the cloud point is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Wax crystals of sufficient quantity can plug filters used in some fuel systems. Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the cloud point. This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen at which wax crystals have formed sufficiently to be observed as a cloud, with a resolution of 0.1°C. This test method provides results that when rounded to the next lower integer are equivalent to Test Method D 2500. This test method is more precise than Test Method D 2500.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the cloud point of petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness by an automatic instrument using a linear cooling rate.1.2 This test method covers the range of temperatures from 60 to 49oC with temperature resolution of 0.1oC, however, the range of temperatures included in the 1997 interlaboratory cooperative test program only covered the temperature range of -56 to +34oC.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Linear Cooling Rate Method)

ASTM D808-05 新的和使用过的石油产品中氯的标准试验方法(氧弹法)

This test method may be used to measure the level of chlorine-containing compounds in petroleum products. This knowledge can be used to predict performance or handling characteristics of the product in question. This test method can also serve as a qualitative tool for the presence or non-detection of chlorine in petroleum products. In light of the efforts in the industry to prepare chlorine free products, this test method would provide information regarding the chlorine levels, if any, in such products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of chlorine in lubricating oils and greases, including new and used lubricating oils and greases containing additives, and in additive concentrates. Its range of applicability is 0.1 to 50 m% chlorine. The procedure assumes that compounds containing halogens other than chlorine will not be present.1.2 The preferred units are mass percent. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Attention is called to specific warning statements incorporated in the test method.

Standard Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (Bomb Method)

ASTM D7171-05 用低分辨率脉冲核磁共振光谱法测定中间馏份石油产品氢含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of middle distillate petroleum products using a low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The boiling range of distillates covered by the test method is 150 to 390176;C. While this test method may be applicable to middle distillates outside this boiling range, in such cases the precision statements may not apply. The test method is generally based on Test Methods D 3701 and D 4808, with a major difference being the use of a pulsed NMR spectrometer instead of a continuous wave NMR spectrometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred units are mass %.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

ASTM D2622-05 用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定石油产品中硫含量的标准试验方法

le-phase and either liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosine, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded gasoline, M-85 and M-100.1.2 Interlaboratory studies on precision covered a variety of materials with sulfur concentrations ranging from approximately 3 mg/kg to 5.3 mass %. For a subset of these samples, with sulfur concentrations below 60 mg/kg, the repeatability standard deviation (S r) was 1.5 mg/kg. An estimate of the limit of detection is 3 Sr, and an estimate of the limit of quantitation is 10 S r. However, because instrumentation covered by this test method can vary in sensitivity, the applicability of the test method at sulfur concentrations below approximately 20 mg/kg must be determined on an individual basis.1.3 Samples containing more than 5.0 mass % sulfur can be diluted to bring the sulfur concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.1.4 Volatile samples (such as high vapor pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons) may not meet the stated precision because of selective loss of light materials during the analysis.1.5 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrix are well matched. Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards (see ) or by the presence of other heteroatoms (see ).1.6 The values stated in either SI units or angstrom units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM D2896-05 用高氯酸电位滴定法测定石油产品碱值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products by titration with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid.1.2 Procedures A and B use different titration solvent volumes and sample weights. Note 1-A round robin on a series of new and used oils and additive concentrates has shown that the two procedures give statistically equivalent results.1.3 provides the use of an alternative solvent system which eliminates the use of chlorobenzene in this test method. The use of the alternative solvent gives statistically equivalent results; however, the precision is worse. Paragraph provides guidance when comparing results using the two different solvents.1.4 The constituents that may be considered to have basic characteristics include organic and inorganic bases, amino compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, and salts of heavy metals. Note 2-This test method is applicable to both fresh oils and used oils as described in Sections , , and and .1.5 This test method can be used to determine base number >300 mg KOH/g. However, the precision statement in Section has been obtained only on base number 300 mg KOH/g.1.6 solely-SI-units;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section , Section , and .

Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration

ASTM D6708-05 测量材料相同性质的两种试验方法间预期一致性统计学评估和改进的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice covers statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two standard test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement. It is intended for use with results collected from an interlaboratory study meeting the requirement of Practice D 6300 or equivalent (for example, ISO 4259). The interlaboratory study must be conducted on at least ten materials that span the intersecting scopes of the test methods, and results must be obtained from at least six laboratories using each method.Note 1Examples of standard test methods are those developed by voluntary consensus standards bodies such as ASTM, IP/BSI, DIN, AFNOR, CGSB.1.2 The statistical methodology is based on the premise that a bias correction will not be needed. In the absence of strong statistical evidence that a bias correction would result in better agreement between the two methods, a bias correction is not made. If a bias correction is required, then the parsimony principle is followed whereby a simple correction is to be favored over a more complex one.Note 2Failure to adhere to the parsimony principle generally results in models that are over-fitted and do not perform well in practice.1.3 The bias corrections of this practice are limited to a constant correction, proportional correction or a linear (proportional + constant) correction.1.4 The bias-correction methods of this practice are method symmetric, in the sense that equivalent corrections are obtained regardless of which method is bias-corrected to match the other.1.5 A methodology is presented for establishing the 95 % confidence limit (designated by this practice as the cross-method reproducibility) for the difference between two results where each result is obtained by a different operator using different apparatus and each applying one of the two methods X and Y on identical material, where one of the methods has been appropriately bias-corrected in accordance with this practice.Note 3Users are cautioned against applying the cross-method reproducibility as calculated from this practice to materials that are significantly different in composition from those actually studied, as the ability of this practice to detect and address sample-specific biases (see ) is dependent on the materials selected for the interlaboratory study. When sample-specific biases are present, the types and ranges of samples may need to be expanded significantly from the minimum of ten as specified in this practice in order to obtain a more comprehensive and reliable 95 % confidence limits for cross method reproducibility that adequately cover the range of sample specific biases for different types of materials.1.6 This practice is intended for test methods which measure quantitative (numerical) properties of petroleum or petroleum products.1.7 Software program CompTM Version 1.0.21 (ADJ6708) performs the necessary computations prescribed by this practice.

Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of the Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material

ASTM D7171-05(2011) 低分辩核磁共振光谱仪对中间馏分石油产品中含氢量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of middle distillate petroleum products using a low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The boiling range of distillates covered by the test method is 150 to 390176;C. While this test method may be applicable to middle distillates outside this boiling range, in such cases the precision statements may not apply. The test method is generally based on Test Methods D 3701 and D 4808, with a major difference being the use of a pulsed NMR spectrometer instead of a continuous wave NMR spectrometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred units are mass %.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

ASTM D7152-05e1 计算石油产品混合物粘性的标准实施规程

Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem. The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method. The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature. Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations. The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3 1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residua with kerosine, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10, used herein. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

ASTM D7152-05 计算石油产品混合物粘性的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residua with kerosine, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates. 1.4 The values stated in Si units are to be regarded as stnadard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(215;), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10215:, used herein. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

ASTM D3339-04 半微量颜色指示剂滴定法测定石油产品酸值的标准试验方法

This test method measures the acid number of oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D 974 or D 664. It has specific application in Test Method D 943 in which small aliquots of oil are periodically removed for testing by Test Method D 3339. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of oils, by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under the various oxidizing test conditions. FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Typical Apparatus1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidic constituents in new or used petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene, and isopropyl alcohol. The test method is especially intended for cases in which the amount of sample available to be analyzed is too small to allow accurate analysis by Test Methods D 974 or D 664. It is applicable for the determination of acids having dissociation constants in water larger than 109. Extremely weak acids having dissociation constants smaller than 109 do not interfere. Salts titrate if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 109.1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes in acid number that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the method does not measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid number is known.1.3 Since this test method requires substantially less sample than Test Methods D 974 or D 664, it provides an advantageous means of monitoring an oxidation test by changes in acid number by (1) minimizing test sample depletion for acid number analyses and thus minimizing the disturbance of the test or (2) allowing additional acid number analyses to be made while maintaining the same test sample depletion and thus providing additional data. Note 1Some oils, such as many cutting oils, rust-proofing oils, and similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, may be more difficult to analyze by this test method due to obscurity of the color-indicator end point. These oils can be analyzed by Test Method D 664 provided sufficient sample is available. However, this situation is much less likely using Test Method D 3339 than using Test Method D 974 due to the use of a more highly dilute sample during the titration and due to the greater stability of the end point color change. The acid numbers obtained by Test Method D 3339 may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 664 but they should be of the same order of magnitude.Note 2The results obtained using this method have been found to be numerically the same as those obtained using Test Method D 974, within the precision of the two methods, for new or oxidized lubricants of the type primarily intended for hydraulic or steam turbine type service. The oxidized lubricants were obtained using the Test Method D 943 oxidation test. This correlation is shown by the correlation coefficient r = 0.989 with slope s = + 1.017 and intercept y = + 0.029, calculated using the acid numbers obtained using both titration methods for the samples used for the precision statement ().1.4 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate ......

Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration

ASTM D97-04 石油产品倾点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is intended for use on any petroleum product. A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in . A procedure for testing the fluidity of a residual fuel oil at a specified temperature is described in Appendix X1.1.2 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D 97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

ASTM D86-04a 大气压下石油产品蒸馏的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as natural gasolines, light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D and 2-D regular and low sulfur diesel fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.Note 1Interlaboratory consensus test data have been obtained in the last few years under the CS92 program. The statistical equivalency between the manual and the automated procedure is currently under study, based on data from this program obtained between 1994 and 1998.1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

ASTM D7094-04 用改良的连续闭杯试验仪测量闪点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels, lube oils, solvents and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5176;C per minute.1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5176;C per minute must be run according to Test Method D 6450.1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.Note 18212;Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified.1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.1.4 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 35 to 225176;C.Note 28212;Flash point determinations below 35176;C and above 225176;C may be performed; however, the precision has not been determined below and above these temperatures.1.5 If the users specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.1.6 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in kilo-Pascals.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 8.5, and 10.1.2.

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester

ASTM D6352-04(2009) 用气相色谱法测试174℃-700℃沸腾范围内石油馏出物沸腾范围分布的标准试验方法

The boiling range distribution of medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining processes (for example, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, visbreaking, or deasphalting). The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties. This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D 2887 (538°C). Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method have not been analyzed for correlation to those obtained by low efficiency distillation, such as with Test Method D 86 or D 1160.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum distillate fractions. The test method is applicable to petroleum distillate fractions having an initial boiling point greater than 174°C (345°F) and a final boiling point of less than 700°C (1292°F) (C10 to C90) at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. 1.2 The test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D 3710, D 2887, or D 5307 for possible applicability to analysis of these types of materials. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only and may be included as parenthetical values. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 to 700176;C by Gas Chromatography