75.080 (Petroleum products in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6892-03(2014) 石油产品倾点40;自动倾斜法41的标准试验方法

5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations. FIG. 1 Schematic of Cooling/Heating Block and Cooling Circulating Bath 5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point. 5.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C intervals. 5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97 or IP8201;15, when the 3°C interval results are reported.Note 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97 or IP8201;15 (in 3°C intervals) the precision data were derived for the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97 or IP8201;15, see the research report. 5.5 This test method has comparable repeatability and better reproducibility relative to Test Method D97 or IP8201;15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory program (see Section 13). 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that tilts the test jar to detect movement of the surface of the test specimen with an optical device, after being removed from a regulated, stepped-bath cooling jacket. 1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −51 to −11°C. 1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C testing intervals. 1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.Note 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to 13.4. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products 40;Robotic Tilt Method41;

ASTM D6895-03 100鳦时放出的重型柴油滑油旋转粘度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rotational viscosity and the shear thinning properties of heavy duty diesel engine drain oils at 100176;C, in the shear rate range of approximately 10 to 300 s-1, in the shear stress range of approximately 0.1 to 10 Pa and the viscosity range of approximately 12 to 35 mPas. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of 100 s-1 by this test method.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100176;C

ASTM D6378-03 测定石油产品、烃和烃氧化剂混合物蒸气压力(VPx)的标准试验方法(三级膨胀法)

1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by volatile, liquid petroleum products, hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures. This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0176;C (32176;F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 150 kPa (1.0 and 21psi) at 37.8176;C (100176;F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mL.Note 18212;The test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of volatile, liquid petroleum products at temperatures from 0 to 100 C at vapor to liquid ratios of 4:1 to 1.1 (X = 4 to 1) and pressures up to 500 kPa (70 psi), but the precision statement (see Section ) may not be applicable.1.2 The VPX determined by this test method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (X = 4) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends at 37.8176;C can be correlated to the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) value determined by Test Method D 5191 (see Section 15.2).1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VP_x) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)

ASTM D4530-03 碳残留物测定的标准试验方法(微量法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (see Note 1) formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of petroleum materials under certain conditions and is intended to provide some indication of the relative coke forming tendency of such materials. 1.2 The test results are equivalent to the Conradson Carbon Residue test (see Test Method D 189). Note18212;This procedure is a modification of the original method and apparatus for carbon residue of petroleum materials, where it has been demonstrated that thermogravimetry is another applicable technique. However, it is the responsibility of the operator to establish operating conditions to obtain equivalent results when using thermogravimetry.1.3 This test method is applicable to petroleum products that partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure and was tested for carbon residue values of 0.10 to 30 % (m/m). Samples expected to be below 0.10 weight % (m/m) residue should be distilled to remove 90 % (V/V) of the flask charge (see Section ). The 10 % bottoms remaining is then tested for carbon residue by this test method.1.4 Ash-forming constituents, as defined by Test Method D 482, or non-volatile additives present in the sample will add to the carbon residue value and be included as part of the total carbon residue value reported.1.5 Also in diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates, such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate, causes a higher carbon residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which may lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke-forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel may be detected by Test Method D 4046.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.2.3 and 8.4.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)

ASTM D482-03 石油产品灰分的标准试验方法

Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming material present in a product can provide information as to whether or not the product is suitable for use in a given application. Ash can result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust.1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in the range 0.001-0.180 mass %, from distillate and residual fuels, gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants (Note 1). The test method is limited to petroleum products which are free from added ash-forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds (Note 2).Note 18212;In certain types of samples, all of the ash-forming metals are not retained quantitatively in the ash. This is particularly true of distillate oils, which require a special ash procedure in order to retain metals quantitatively.Note 28212;This test method is not intended for the analysis of unused lubricating oils containing additives; for such samples use Test Method D 874. Neither is it intended for the analysis of lubricating oils containing lead nor for used engine crankcase oils.1.2 SI units are regarded as the standard. The preferred expression of the property is mass %.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products

ASTM D3427-03 石油脱气特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the ability of turbine, hydraulic, and gear oils to separate entrained air.Note 18212;This test method was developed for mineral based oils. It may be used for some synthetic fluids; however, the precision statement applies only to petroleum oils.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils

ASTM D5304-03 用氧超压条件下评定蒸出燃料储存稳定性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for assessing the potential storage stability of middle distillate fuels such as Grade No. 1D and Grade No. 2D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D 975.1.2 This test method is applicable to either freshly refined fuels or fuels already in storage.1.3 This test method is suitable for fuels containing stabilizer additives as well as fuels containing no such additives.1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on other suggested test times and temperatures for which this test method may be used.1.5 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 4.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.4, 10.1, and 10.2.

Standard Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure

ASTM D4625-03 馏分燃料在43℃(110°F)贮存稳定性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points above 38176;C (100176;F) and 90 % distilled points below 340176;C (644176;F).Note 18212;ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D 396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D 975, Grades 1-D and 2-D; and Specification D 2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten storage time relative to that required at ambient storage temperatures.1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D 4625 results with sediment formation in actual field storage.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43176;C (110176;F)

ASTM D524-03 石油产品中兰氏残炭的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensity. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming contituents as determined by Test Method D 482, will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Notes 2 and 3). Note 18212;The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed during evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage. Note 28212;Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D189, or Test Method D4530. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X2.1) but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applicable to a wide variety of petroleum products. The Ramsbottom Carbon Residue test method is limited to those samples that are mobile below 90176C. Note 38212;In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate, causes a higher carbon residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke-forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products

ASTM D341-03 液体石油产品用粘温图的标准试验方法

1.1 The kinematic viscosity-temperature charts covered by this standard are a convenient means to ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, provided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are known. 1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kinematic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The charts here presented provide a significant improvement in linearity over the charts previously available under Method D341-43. This increases the reliability of extrapolation to higher temperatures.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products

ASTM D4294-03 用能量扩散X-射线荧光光度法测定石油和石油产品中硫含量的标准试验方法

This test method provides rapid and precise measurement of total sulfur in petroleum products with a minimum of sample preparation. A typical analysis time is 2 to 4 min per sample. The quality of many petroleum products is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of sulfur concentration is necessary for processing purposes. There are also regulations promulgated in federal, state, and local agencies that restrict the amount of sulfur present in some fuels. This test method provides a means of compliance with specifications or limits set by regulations for sulfur content of petroleum products. If this test method is applied to petroleum matrices with significantly different composition than the white oil calibration materials specified in this test method, the cautions and recommendations in Section 5 should be observed when interpreting the results. Compared to other test methods for sulfur determination, Test Method D 4294 has high throughput, minimal sample preparation, good precision, and is capable of determining sulfur over a wide range of concentrations. The equipment specified is in most cases less costly than that required for alternative methods. Consult the ASTM website2 or ASTM Subject Index3 for names of alternative test methods.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of sulfur in hydrocarbons, such as diesel, naphtha, kerosine, residuals, lubricating base oils, hydraulic oils, jet fuels, crude oils, gasoline (all unleaded), and other distillates. In addition, sulfur in other products, such as M-85 and M-100, may be analyzed using this technique. The applicable concentration range is 0.0150 to 5.00 mass % sulfur.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred concentration units are mass % sulfur.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM D5304-02a 氧超压条件下评定蒸馏燃料储存耐久性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for assessing the potential storage stability of middle distillate fuels such as Grade No. 1D and Grade No. 2D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D 975.1.2 This test method is applicable to either freshly refined fuels or fuels already in storage.1.3 This test method is suitable for fuels containing stabilizer additives as well as fuels containing no such additives.1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on other suggested test times and temperatures for which this test method may be used.1.5 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and are only approximate equivalents.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see 4.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.4, 10.1, and 10.2.

Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure

ASTM D5772-02 用线性降温速率测定石油制品始凝点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the determination of the cloud point of petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness by an automatic instrument using a linear cooling rate.1.2 This test method covers the range of temperatures from -40 to 49176;C with temperature resolution of 0.1176;C.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Linear Cooling Rate Method)

ASTM D5762-02 船用入口化学光的石油和石油产品的氮的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen in liquid hydrocarbons, including petroleum process streams and lubricating oils in the concentration range from 40 to 10 000 956;g/g nitrogen. For light hydrocarbons containing less than 100 956;g/g nitrogen, Test Method D 4629 can be more appropriate.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6, 7.1, 8.2, and 8.2.2.

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence

ASTM D482-02 石油产品灰分的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in the range 0.001-0.180 mass %, from distillate and residual fuels, gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants (Note 1). The test method is limited to petroleum products which are free from added ash-forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds (Note 2). Note 18212;In certain types of samples, all of the ash-forming metals are not retained quantitatively in the ash. This is particularly true of distillate oils, which require a special ash procedure in order to retain metals quantitatively.Note 28212;This test method is not intended for the analysis of unused lubricating oils containing additives; for such samples use Test Method D 874. Neither is it intended for the analysis of lubricating oils containing lead nor for used engine crankcase oils.1.2 SI units are regarded as the standard. The preferred expression of the property is mass %.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products

ASTM D2887-02 气相色谱法测定石油馏分的沸腾区域分布的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538176;C (1000176;F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55176;C (100176;F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D 3710.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D4294-02 利用能量扩散 X-射线荧光光度法测定石油产品中硫含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of sulfur in hydrocarbons, such as diesel, naphtha, kerosine, residuals, lubricating base oils, hydraulic oils, jet fuels, crude oils, gasoline (all unleaded), and other distillates. In addition, sulfur in other products, such as M-85 and M-100, may be analyzed using this technique. The applicable concentration range is 0.0150 to 5.00 mass % sulfur.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred concentration units are mass % sulfur.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

ASTM D5950-02 石油产品倾点的标准测试方法(自动倾斜法)

The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating oil systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations. Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point. This test method can determine the pour point of the test specimen with a resolution of 1.0°C. Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C intervals. This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D 97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are reported. Note 38212;Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D 97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived for the temperatures rounded to the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D 97, see 13.3. This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility relative to Test Method D 97/IP15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory test program.5 1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that tilts the test jar during cooling and detects movement of the surface of the test specimen with an optical device.1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from -57 to +51176;C; however, the range of temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from -39 to +6176;C, and the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program was -51 to -11176;C. (see 13.4).1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at 1 or 3176;C intervals.1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.Note 18212;The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4.1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)

ASTM D2421-02 C5和轻质烃类气体体积、液体体积或重量基准的分析互变现象用标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes the procedure for the interconversion of the analysis of C 5 and lighter hydrocarbon mixtures to gas-volume (mole), liquid-volume, or weight in vacuum basis. 1.2 The computation procedures described assume that gas-volume percentages have already been corrected for nonideality of the components as a part of the analytical process by which they have been obtained. These are numerically the same as mole percentages. 1.3 The procedure assumes the absence of nonadditivity corrections for mixtures of the pure liquid compounds. This is approximately true only for mixtures of hydrocarbons of the same number of carbon atoms, and in the absence of diolefins and acetylenic compounds. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C₅ and Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or Weight Basis

ASTM D6749-02(2007) 石油产品倾点的标准测试方法(自动气压法)

The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations. Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point. Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C intervals. This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D 97/IP 15 when the 3°C interval results are reported. However, when specification requires Test Method D 97/IP 15, do not substitute this test method. Note 28212;Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D 97/IP 15 (in 3°C intervals), the precision data were derived for the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D 97/IP 15, see 13.3.1. This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility relative to Test Method D 97/IP 15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory test program (see Section 13).1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic apparatus that applies a slightly positive air pressure onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled.1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from -57 to +51176;C; however, the range of temperatures included in the (1998) interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from -51 to 11176;C.1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3176;C testing intervals.1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.Note 1The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to 13.4.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)