75.080 (Petroleum products in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7662-13 炭黑原料油中碳含量的标准试验方法

4.1 Measuring the total carbon content of feedstock oil is often a necessary component in calculations for carbon dioxide emissions, estimating yield of a process, or assessing product quality. 4.2 The carbon black industry measures carbon content of feedstock oils along with carbon content of carbon black products per Test Method D7633 for Carbon Black-Carbon Content in calculations to determine carbon dioxide emissions for compliance with governmental greenhouse-gas-reporting requirements. 1.1 This test method covers the instrumental determination of carbon content in samples of carbon black feedstock oils. Values obtained represent the total carbon content. 1.2 This test method is applicable to carbon black feedstock oils derived from petroleum, coal, and other sources which include fuel oils, residues, tars, pitches, reclaimed oils, and similar materials that are normally handled as liquids. This test method is applicable to products that typically contain 75 to 94 mass % carbon. 1.3 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon. 1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Carbon Content in Carbon Black Feedstock Oils

ASTM D1160-13 石油产品减压蒸馏标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used for the determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum products, biodiesel, and fractions that may decompose if distilled at atmospheric pressure. This boiling range, obtained at conditions designed to obtain approximately one theoretical plate fractionation, can be used in engineering calculations to design distillation equipment, to prepare appropriate blends for industrial purposes, to determine compliance with regulatory rules, to determine the suitability of the product as feed to a refining process, or for a host of other purposes. 5.2 The boiling range is directly related to viscosity, vapor pressure, heating value, average molecular weight, and many other chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Any of these properties can be the determining factor in the suitability of the product in its intended application. 5.3 Petroleum product specifications often include distillation limits based on data by this test method. 5.4 Many engineering design correlations have been developed on data by this test method. These correlative methods are used extensively in current engineering practice. 1.1 This test method covers the determination, at reduced pressures, of the range of boiling points for petroleum products and biodiesel that can be partially or completely vaporized at a maximum liquid temperature of 400°C. Both a manual method and an automatic method are specified. 1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee test method is the manual test method at a mutually agreed upon pressure. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.4, 6.1.8.1, 10.11, and A3.2.1.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure

ASTM D482-13 石油产品灰分的标准试验方法

4.1 Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming material present in a product can provide information as to whether or not the product is suitable for use in a given application. Ash can result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in the range 0.001–0.180 mass %, from distillate and residual fuels, gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants (Note 1). The test method is limited to petroleum products which are free from added ash-forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds (Note 2). Note 1—In certain types of samples, all of the ash-forming metals are not retained quantitatively in the ash. This is particularly true of distillate oils, which require a special ash procedure in order to retain metals quantitatively.Note 2—This test method is not intended for the analysis of unused lubricating oils containing additives; for such samples use Test Method D874. Neither is it intended for the analysis of lubricating oils containing lead nor for used engine crankcase oils. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The preferred expression of the property is mass %. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products

ASTM D129-13 石油产品硫含量的标准试验方法(一般高压分解装置方法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in petroleum products, including lubricating oils containing additives, additive concentrates, and lubricating greases that cannot be burned completely in a wick lamp. The test method is applicable to any petroleum product sufficiently low in volatility that it can be weighed accurately in an open sample boat and containing at least 0.18201;% sulfur. Note 1—This test method is not applicable to samples containing elements that give residues, other than barium sulfate, which are insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and would interfere in the precipitation step. These interfering elements include iron, aluminum, calcium, silicon, and lead which are sometimes present in greases, lube oil additives, or additive oils. Other acid insoluble materials that interfere are silica, molybdenum disulfide, asbestos, mica, and so forth. The test method is not applicable to used oils containing wear metals, and lead or silicates from contamination. Samples that are excluded can be analyzed by Test Method D1552. 1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with the sulfur in the range 0.09 to 5.5 mass8201;%. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)

ASTM D5191-13 石油产品蒸气压力的标准试验方法(小型法)

5.1 Vapor pressure is a very important physical property of volatile liquids. 5.2 The vapor pressure of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends is regulated by various government agencies. 5.3 Specifications for volatile petroleum products generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. 5.4 This test method is more precise than Test Method D4953, uses a small sample size (18201;mL to 10 mL), and requires about 7 min to complete the test. 1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the total vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by air-containing, volatile, liquid petroleum products, including automotive spark-ignition fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1). This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 08201;°C (328201;°F) that exert a vapor pressure between 78201;kPa and 130 kPa (1.08201;psi and 18.68201;psi) at 37.88201;°C (1008201;°F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. Measurements are made on liquid sample sizes in the range from 18201;mL to 10 mL. No account is made for dissolved water in the sample. Note 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 volume %, 50 volume %, and 75 volume % ethanol. The results indicated that the repeatability limits of these samples are with in the published repeatability of this test method. on this basis, it can be concluded that D5191 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) and other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR: D02–1694 filed with ASTM for supporting data.2Note 2—Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios, temperatures, and pressures, but the precision and bias statements need not apply.Note 3—The interlaboratory studies conducted in 1988, 1991, and 2003 to determine the precision statements in Test Method D5191 did not include any crude oil in the sample sets. Test Method D6377, as well as IP 481, have been shown to be suitable for vapor pressure measurements of crude oils. 1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 08201;°C to 18201;°C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 15). 1.2 This test method is suitable for calculation of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see Eq 1 in 14.2). The calculated DVPE very closely approximates the dry vapor pressure that would be obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.

Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)

ASTM D7777-12 便携式数字密度计测定液体石油的密度,相对密度和API度的标准试验方法

The density, relative density, or API gravity of petroleum products are important quality indicators and are used in quantity calculations or to satisfy application, transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements. This test method should not be used to determine density for custody transfer quantity calculations, particularly where mass or weight is the unit of quantity measurement. Test Method D4052 is appropriate for these applications.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, or API gravity of liquid petroleum products using portable digital density meters at test temperatures between 0 and 40°C (32 to 104°F). Its application is restricted to samples with a dry vapor pressure equivalent up to 80 kPa (11.6 psi) and a viscosity below 100 mm2/s (cSt) at the test temperature. 1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the density to the nearest 1 kg/m3. To determine the density to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3, use Test Method D4052. 1.3 This test method is easily calibrated and primarily suitable for field applications. It is important for the user to know and understand the electrical classification of the area in which the analyzer is to be used and to select an analyzer appropriate for that classification. 1.4 Test Methods D287 and D1298 are used in field applications. This test method provides an alternative field method that is easily calibrated and does not pose the hazard and breakage of current field methods. 1.5 Portable digital density meters measure the density and temperature of the filled-in sample at the sample temperature. The measured density and temperature are automatically converted into: Density at 15°C / density at 60°F Relative density 15°C/15°C / relative density 60°F/60°F API gravity 15°C / API gravity 60°Fby the instrument using the calculation routines for Generalized Products as defined in Guide D1250. 1.6 If the density meter does not have in-built software to calculate the density at the reference temperature, this is calculated from the observed density at test temperature using the Petroleum Measurement Tables. 1.7 The accepted units of measure for density are kilograms per cubic metre (SI unit) or grams per cubic centimetre. Values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only. Both SI and customary units have been rounded; they may not be exactly equivalent. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Liquid Petroleum by Portable Digital Density Meter

ASTM D287-12 蒸气压力计测定液体的蒸气压力-温度关系及起始分解温度的标准试验方法

Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60°F (15.56°C). This procedure is most suitable for determining the API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect before correcting to the reference temperature. 5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature as close to reference temperature as feasible. 5.4 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion. 5.5 Gravity is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F, by means of Adjunct to Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics. Note 18212;The international version of this test method is described in Test Method . 1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume correction tables. 1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination). 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

ASTM D4629-12 用注射/引入氧化燃烧和化学发光检测法测定液态石油烃中痕量氮的标准试验方法

Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining may be poisoned when even trace amounts of nitrogenous materials are contained in the feedstocks. This test method can be used to determine bound nitrogen in process feeds and may also be used to control nitrogen compounds in finished products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the trace total nitrogen naturally found in liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the range from approximately 50 to 400°C, with viscosities between approximately 0.2 and 10 cSt (mm2/s) at room temperature. This test method is applicable to naphthas, distillates, and oils containing 0.3 to 100 mg/kg total nitrogen. For liquid hydrocarbons containing more than 100 mg/kg total nitrogen, Test Method D5762 can be more appropriate. This test method has been successfully applied, during interlaboratory studies, to sample types outside the range of the scope by dilution of the sample in an appropriate solvent to bring the total nitrogen concentration and viscosity to within the range covered by the test method. However, it is the responsibility of the analyst to verify the solubility of the sample in the solvent and that direct introduction of the diluted sample by syringe into the furnace does not cause low results due to pyrolysis of the sample or solvent in the syringe needle. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.9, and Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence Detection

ASTM D2008-12 石油产品紫外线吸收率和吸收系数的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to 4008201;nm of the spectrum. 1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement???wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and sample concentration???are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measurement. 1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated in parentheses, are for information only. 1.5 Warning???Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA???s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.

Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products

ASTM D6367-12 阿尔法-甲基苯乙烯 (AMS) 的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers AMS (??-Methylstyrene). 1.2 The following applies to all limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off ???to the nearest unit??? in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers' Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.

Standard Specification for AMS (alpha;-Methylstyrene)

ASTM D5759-12 有潜在用途的煤飞灰和净煤燃烧飞灰特性表征的标准指南

1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characterization of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash. 1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be negotiated between the producer and the user according to the potential end use. 1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of this guide do not include the following: 1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, portland cement, activated clays, etc.; 1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and 1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or other non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or some combination thereof. 1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect performance or potential end use. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses

ASTM D7213-12e1 用气体色谱法确定沸程在100至615℃的石油馏份的沸程划分的标准试验方法

5.1 The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties. 5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include light and medium petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D2887 (538°C) and below Test Method D6352 (700°C). 5.3 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are theoretically equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. This test method is applicable to petroleum distillates having an initial boiling point greater than 100°C and a final boiling point less than 615°C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. 1.2 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum distillates containing low molecular weight components (for example, naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example, alcohols, ethers, acids or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D3710, D2887, D6352, or D5307. 1.3 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615deg;C by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D287-12b 原油和石油产品的美国石油协会(API)燃油比重度数的标准试验方法(液体比重计法)

Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60°F (15.56°C). This procedure is most suitable for determining the API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect before correcting to the reference temperature. 5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature as close to reference temperature as feasible. 5.4 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion. 5.5 Gravity is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics. 1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume correction tables. 1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination). 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

ASTM D5950-12a 石油产品的倾点的标准试验方法(自动倾斜法)

5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating oil systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations. 5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point. 5.3 This test method can determine the pour point of the test specimen with a resolution of 1.0°C. 5.4 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C intervals. 5.5 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are reported.Note 3—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived for the temperatures rounded to the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97, see 13.3. 5.6 This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility relative to Test Method D97/IP15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory test program. (See Section 13.) 1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that tilts the test jar during cooling and detects movement of the surface of the test specimen with an optical device. 1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −66 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −39 to +6°C, and the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program was −51 to −11°C. (See Section 13.) 1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at 1 or 3°C intervals. 1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.Note 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4.......

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)

ASTM D2887-12 利用气相色谱法测定石油馏分沸点范围分布的标准试验方法

5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties. 5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538°C (1000°F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5°C (100°F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.Note 1—Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8°F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another. 1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D3710. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D1657-12 用压力液体比重计测定轻烃类的密度或相对密度的标准试验方法

The density or relative density of light hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum gases is used in custody transfer quantity calculations or to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of light hydrocarbons including liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) having Reid vapor pressures exceeding 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi). 1.2 The prescribed apparatus should not be used for materials having vapor pressures higher than 1.4 MPa (200 psi) at the test temperature. This pressure limit is dictated by the type of equipment. Higher pressures can apply to other equipment designs. 1.3 The initial pressure hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of calculations and Adjunct to ASTM /API MPMS Chapter 11.1. 1.4 Values determined as density or relative density can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternative reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures, or Adjunct to ASTM Guide /API MPMS Chapter 11.1, or both, or tables as applicable. 1.5 The calculations required in Section 11 shall be applied to the initial pressure hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination). 1.6 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method. 1.7 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. US Customary values shown in adjacent parentheses are for information only and may not be exactly equivalent. Both SI and customary units have been rounded so that they may not be exactly equivalent. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer

ASTM D156-12 石油产品赛波特(Saybolt)比色的标准试验方法(赛波特比色计法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils. Note 1???For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color8201;???8201;16, see Test Method D1500. 1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, ???Saybolt Color units.??? 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 2???Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)

ASTM D287-12a 蒸气压力计测定液体的蒸气压力-温度关系及起始分解温度的标准试验方法

Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60°F (15.56°C). This procedure is most suitable for determining the API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect before correcting to the reference temperature. 5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature as close to reference temperature as feasible. 5.4 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion. 5.5 Gravity is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F, by means of Adjunct to Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics. Note 18212;The international version of this test method is described in Test Method . 1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume correction tables. 1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination). 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

ASTM D665-12 有水存在时油封矿物油防锈特性的标准试验方法

4.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.Note 3—This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation. 1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.Note 1—For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of a chemically resistant material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4-6.6.

Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

ASTM D6352-12 用气体色谱法确定沸程在174至700℃的石油馏份的沸程划分的标准试验方法

5.1 The boiling range distribution of medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining processes (for example, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, visbreaking, or deasphalting). The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties. 5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D2887 (538°C). 5.3 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method have not been analyzed for correlation to those obtained by low efficiency distillation, such as with Test Method D86 or D1160. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum distillate fractions. The test method is applicable to petroleum distillate fractions having an initial boiling point greater than 174°C (345°F) and a final boiling point of less than 700°C (1292°F) (C10 to C90) at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. 1.2 The test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D3710, D2887, or D5307 for possible applicability to analysis of these types of materials. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only and may be included as parenthetical values. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 to 700deg;C by Gas Chromatography