75.080 (Petroleum products in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D287-12b 原油和石油产品的美国石油协会(API)燃油比重度数的标准试验方法(液体比重计法)

Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60°F (15.56°C). This procedure is most suitable for determining the API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect before correcting to the reference temperature. 5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature as close to reference temperature as feasible. 5.4 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion. 5.5 Gravity is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics. 1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume correction tables. 1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination). 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

ASTM D5759-12 有潜在用途的煤飞灰和净煤燃烧飞灰特性表征的标准指南

1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characterization of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash. 1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be negotiated between the producer and the user according to the potential end use. 1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of this guide do not include the following: 1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, portland cement, activated clays, etc.; 1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and 1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or other non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or some combination thereof. 1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect performance or potential end use. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses

ASTM D1160-12 石油产品减压蒸馏标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used for the determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum products and fractions that may decompose if distilled at atmospheric pressure. This boiling range, obtained at conditions designed to obtain approximately one theoretical plate fractionation, can be used in engineering calculations to design distillation equipment, to prepare appropriate blends for industrial purposes, to determine compliance with regulatory rules, to determine the suitability of the product as feed to a refining process, or for a host of other purposes. 5.2 The boiling range is directly related to viscosity, vapor pressure, heating value, average molecular weight, and many other chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Any of these properties can be the determining factor in the suitability of the product in its intended application. 5.3 Petroleum product specifications often include distillation limits based on data by this test method. 5.4 Many engineering design correlations have been developed on data by this test method. These correlative methods are used extensively in current engineering practice. 1.1 This test method covers the determination, at reduced pressures, of the range of boiling points for petroleum products that can be partially or completely vaporized at a maximum liquid temperature of 400°C. Both a manual method and an automatic method are specified. 1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee test method is the manual test method at a mutually agreed upon pressure. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.4, 6.1.8.1, 10.11, and A3.2.1.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure

ASTM D2008-12 石油产品紫外线吸收率和吸收系数的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to 4008201;nm of the spectrum. 1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement???wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and sample concentration???are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measurement. 1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated in parentheses, are for information only. 1.5 Warning???Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA???s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.

Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products

ASTM D5950-12 石油产品倾点的标准试验方法(自动倾斜法)

The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, like pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating oil systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations. Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point. This test method can determine the pour point of the test specimen with a resolution of 1.0°C. Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C intervals. This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are reported. Note 38212;Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived for the temperatures rounded to the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97, see 13.3. This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility relative to Test Method D97/IP15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory test program. (See Section 13.)1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that tilts the test jar during cooling and detects movement of the surface of the test specimen with an optical device. 1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −66 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −39 to +6°C, and the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program was −51 to −11°C. (See Section 13.) 1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at 1 or 3°C intervals. 1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils. Note 18212;The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)

ASTM D7094-12e1 采用经改良连续闭杯试验仪测定闪点40;MCCCFP41的标准试验方法

5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. 5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and for classification purposes. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. 5.3 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 5.4 Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline. This test method was designed to be more sensitive to potential contamination than Test Method D6450. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels, lube oils, solvents and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5°C per minute. 1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5°C per minute must be run according to Test Method D6450. 1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.Note 1—Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified. 1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber. 1.4 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 35 to 225°C.Note 2—Flash point determinations below 35°C and above 225°C may be performed; however, the precision has not been determined below and above these temperatures. 1.5 If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test......

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup 40;MCCCFP41; Tester

ASTM D1657-12 用压力液体比重计测定轻烃类的密度或相对密度的标准试验方法

The density or relative density of light hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum gases is used in custody transfer quantity calculations or to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of light hydrocarbons including liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) having Reid vapor pressures exceeding 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi). 1.2 The prescribed apparatus should not be used for materials having vapor pressures higher than 1.4 MPa (200 psi) at the test temperature. This pressure limit is dictated by the type of equipment. Higher pressures can apply to other equipment designs. 1.3 The initial pressure hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of calculations and Adjunct to ASTM /API MPMS Chapter 11.1. 1.4 Values determined as density or relative density can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternative reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures, or Adjunct to ASTM Guide /API MPMS Chapter 11.1, or both, or tables as applicable. 1.5 The calculations required in Section 11 shall be applied to the initial pressure hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination). 1.6 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method. 1.7 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. US Customary values shown in adjacent parentheses are for information only and may not be exactly equivalent. Both SI and customary units have been rounded so that they may not be exactly equivalent. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer

ASTM D3339-12 半微量颜色指示剂滴定法测定石油产品酸值的标准试验方法

This test method measures the acid number of oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D974 or D664. It has specific application in Test Method D943 in which small aliquots of oil are periodically removed for testing by Test Method D3339. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of oils, by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under the various oxidizing test conditions. FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Typical Apparatus1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidic constituents in new or used petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene, and isopropyl alcohol. The test method is especially intended for cases in which the amount of sample available to be analyzed is too small to allow accurate analysis by Test Methods D974 or D664. It is applicable for the determination of acids having dissociation constants in water larger than 10−9. Extremely weak acids having dissociation constants smaller than 10−9 do not interfere. Salts titrate if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 10−9. 1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes in acid number that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the method does not measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid number is known. 1.3 Since this test method requires substantially less sample than Test Methods D974 or D664, it provides an advantageous means of monitoring an oxidation test by changes in acid number by (1) minimizing test sample depletion for acid number analyses and thus minimizing the disturbance of the test or (2) allowing additional acid number analyses to be made while maintaining the same test sample depletion and thus providing additional data. Note 18212;Some oils, such as many cutting oils, rust-proofing oils, and similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, may be more difficult to analyze by this test method due to obscurity of the color-indicator end point. These oils can be analyzed by Test Method D664 provided sufficient sample is available. However, this situation is much less likely using Test Method D3339 than using Test Method D974 due to the use of a more highly dilute sample during the titration and due to the greater stability of the end point color change. The acid numbers obtained by Test Method D3339 may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method

Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration

ASTM D6560-12 原油和石油产品中沥青质(庚烷不溶物)测定的标准试验方法

Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest molecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring in crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual material. They may give problems during storage and handling if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through excess stress or incompatibility. They are also the last molecules in a product to combust completely, and thus may be one indicator of black smoke propensity. Their composition normally includes a disproportionately high quantity of the sulfur, nitrogen, and metals present in the crude petroleum or petroleum product.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil, diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of 260°C (see A1.2.1.1). 1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and 30.0 % m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid but may not give the same precision values. 1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products

ASTM D7778-12 开展实验室间研究以确定试验方法精度的标准指南

1.1 Qualitative tests such as Test Method D130 copper corrosion may not require an ILS. 1.1 This guide describes the procedures for planning and conducting an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method used in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Committee D02 of ASTM for the purpose of estimating repeatability and reproducibility of the test method in accordance with ASTM Form and Style requirements. 1.2 This guide is concerned with the management of the ILS and intended to provide guidance for the planning stage and ensure the process, logistics, and tools are identified and agreed upon in advance. 1.2.1 Selection of the samples and the impact of sample selection on the final scope of the test method???both the range of materials covered in the scope and precision sections and the measurement range covered in the precision section???are important, and careful consideration needs to be given to these aspects before an ILS is launched. 1.3 This guide does not concern itself with the development of test methods but rather with gathering the information needed for a test method precision statement. 1.4 This guide is concerned with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the result of a calculation from a set of measurements. 1.5 This guide is designed for tests of properties that are stable, such that bulk samples can be homogenized and sub-samples can be prepared that will be identical and stable for the duration of the ILS testing period. This guide is not designed for unstable properties or for properties that make it difficult to obtain stable, representative samples for an ILS conducted at multiple laboratory sites. 1.6 This guide represents the suggested practices for a typical precision study. Individual subcommittees may modify this approach as their expertise directs. 1.7 This guide is voluntary, and thus, is not required for an approved precision study.

Standard Guide for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ASTM D156-12 石油产品赛波特(Saybolt)比色的标准试验方法(赛波特比色计法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils. Note 1???For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color8201;???8201;16, see Test Method D1500. 1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, ???Saybolt Color units.??? 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 2???Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)

ASTM D5762-12 用舟进样化学发光法测定石油和石油产品中氮的标准试验方法

Many nitrogen compounds can contaminate refinery catalysts. They tend to be the most difficult class of compounds to hydrogenate, so the nitrogen content remaining in the product of a hydrotreator is a measure of the effectiveness of the hydrotreating process. In lubricating oils the concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen containing additives. This test method is intended for use in plant control and in research.1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen in liquid hydrocarbons, including petroleum process streams and lubricating oils in the concentration range from 40 to 10 000 μg/g nitrogen. For light hydrocarbons containing less than 100 μg/g nitrogen, Test Method D4629 can be more appropriate. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 6, 7.1, 8.2, and 8.2.2.

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence

ASTM D4629-12 用注射/引入氧化燃烧和化学发光检测法测定液态石油烃中痕量氮的标准试验方法

Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining may be poisoned when even trace amounts of nitrogenous materials are contained in the feedstocks. This test method can be used to determine bound nitrogen in process feeds and may also be used to control nitrogen compounds in finished products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the trace total nitrogen naturally found in liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the range from approximately 50 to 400°C, with viscosities between approximately 0.2 and 10 cSt (mm2/s) at room temperature. This test method is applicable to naphthas, distillates, and oils containing 0.3 to 100 mg/kg total nitrogen. For liquid hydrocarbons containing more than 100 mg/kg total nitrogen, Test Method D5762 can be more appropriate. This test method has been successfully applied, during interlaboratory studies, to sample types outside the range of the scope by dilution of the sample in an appropriate solvent to bring the total nitrogen concentration and viscosity to within the range covered by the test method. However, it is the responsibility of the analyst to verify the solubility of the sample in the solvent and that direct introduction of the diluted sample by syringe into the furnace does not cause low results due to pyrolysis of the sample or solvent in the syringe needle. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.9, and Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence Detection

ASTM D97-12 石油产品倾点的标准试验方法

5.1 The pour point of a petroleum specimen is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. 1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any petroleum product.2 A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8. The cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now appears as Test Method D2500. 1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated Test Method D97 pour point measurements. 1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for testing the pour point of crude oils is described in Test Method D5853. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

ASTM D6367-12 阿尔法-甲基苯乙烯 (AMS) 的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers AMS (??-Methylstyrene). 1.2 The following applies to all limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off ???to the nearest unit??? in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers' Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.

Standard Specification for AMS (alpha;-Methylstyrene)

ASTM D7094-12 用经改良的连续闭杯 (CCCFP) 试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法

5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. 5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and for classification purposes. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. 5.3 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 5.4 Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline. This test method was designed to be more sensitive to potential contamination than Test Method D6450. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels, lube oils, solvents and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5°C per minute. 1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5°C per minute must be run according to Test Method D6450. 1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.Note 1—Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified. 1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber. 1.4 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 35 to 225°C.

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester

ASTM D6045-12 用自动三色法测定石油产品颜色的标准试验方法

5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic because color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range may indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications. 1.1 This test method covers the automatic determination of color of a wide variety of petroleum products such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, naphthas, kerosine, pharmaceutical white oils, diesel fuel oils, heating oils, and lubricating oils by the automatic tristimulus method. This test method correlates to Test Method D156 and Test Method D1500 as calculated by the instrumentation. Note 1—With the appropriate sample handling, this test method would apply to petroleum waxes, but they were not used in the round robin, and the precision of this test method with regard to waxes is unknown. 1.2 This test method reports results in terms of Test Method D156 or Test Method D1500. 1.3 This test method has a one-to-one correlation for the entire range of Test Method D1500 ASTM Color and for the range from 0 to8201;+30 for Test Method D156 Saybolt color. 1.4 This test method does not apply to solid samples, petroleum products containing dye, and petroleum products having extreme fluorescence. 1.5 This test method does not apply to cloudy samples. Such samples shall be filtered so they are clear before measuring. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus Method

ASTM D86-12 大气压下石油产品蒸馏的标准试验方法

5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes. 5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors. 5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits. 5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints. 5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules. 1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 208201;%, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.Note 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 v%, 50 v%, and 75 v% ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75% ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2 1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

ASTM D1093-11 液态烃和它们的蒸馏残余物酸度的标准试验方法

Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the distillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquid is an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation residues. (WarningMany hydrocarbon liquids are extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can cause a flash fire.) 1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3, but substitute 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity. 1.3 The results obtained by this test method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues

ASTM D86-11b 大气压下石油产品蒸馏的标准试验方法

The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes. The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors. The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits. Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints. Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels. Note 18212;An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 v%, 50 v%, and 75 v% ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75% ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data. 1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material. 1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments. 1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.5 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm......

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure