75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related pr 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6891-13a 评估IVA序列火花点火发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive lubricant’s effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overhead valve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.Note 1—This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3. 1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single source equipment specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D6894-13 评估直喷式涡轮增压汽车柴油发动机中机油透气阻力的标准试验方法

5.1 Background—In the HEUI fuel system, the engine oil from the oil sump not only lubricates the engine, it also supplies a high-pressure oil system that takes oil from the main gallery and pressurizes it up to 20.7 MPa in a plunger pump (see Fig. A1.1). This oil is used to operate unit injectors that, when used in combination with intensifiers, increase the fuel injection pressure up to 145 MPa, independent of engine speed. The electronic controls permit varied injection timing and duration to provide optimum fuel economy and emissions. This system may, however, circulate all the oil in the sump in approximately 8 s; as a consequence, aeration of the oil can occur with some engine oils. International determined that 88201;% oil aeration was the limit beyond which engine operation and performance would be impaired in actual service. 5.1.1 Prior to 1994, the ability of an engine lubricant to resist aeration was measured by Test Method D892. During the development of the API CG-4 category in 1994, however, it was found11 that this bench test did not correlate with aeration in the International T 444E engine. The EOAT was developed, therefore, to provide a better measurement of the ability of a lubricant to resist aeration during engine operation. This test has been included in API CG-4, CH-4, and CI-4 categories for heavy-duty diesel engine oils. 5.2 Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the aeration resistance of engine oils used in medium- and heavy-duty truck diesel engines. 5.3 Use—The tendency of engine oils to aerate in direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engines is influenced by a variety of factors, including engine oil formulation variables, oil temperature, sump design and capacity, residence time of the oil in the sump, and the design of the pressurized oil systems. In some engine-oil-activated injection systems, the residence time of the oil in the sump is insufficient to allow dissipation of aeration from the oil. As a consequence, aerated oil can be circulated to the injector intensifiers, adversely affecting the injection timing characteristics and engine operation. 1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate an engine oil's resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonly referred to as the Engine Oil Aeration Test (EOAT). The test is conducted using a specified 7.38201;L, direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engine on a dynamometer test stand. This test method was developed as a replacement for Test Method D892 after it was determined that this bench test did not correlate with oil aeration in actual service. The EOAT was first included in API Service Category CG-4 in 1995.Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine

ASTM D4289-13 润滑脂及润滑液弹性体相容性的标准试验方法

5.1 Measurement of the changes in the volume and hardness of an elastomer that occur from immersion in a lubricating grease or fluid provides a means for evaluating relative compatibility. Much of this test method was derived from procedures described in Test Method D471 and Federal Test Method8201;791C/3603.5. In contrast to these two test methods, which emphasize the evaluation of rubber and rubber-like compounds, Test Method D4289 was developed specifically to evaluate lubricating greases and fluids, especially those used in automotive applications, although the test method can be applied to lubricants used in industrial applications as well. Excepting the Shore Durometer A, this test method requires no specialized, rubber-testing equipment. Virtually all other equipment and supplies specified in the procedure are stock items in lubricants laboratories. 5.2 The volume and hardness-change values determined by this test method do not duplicate similar changes that occur in elastomeric seals under actual service conditions. However, they can be correlated in many instances. In one such instance, the volume-change values determined by the antecedent of this test method correlated (r 28201;=8201;0.99) with those that occurred during a vehicle test.7 Because of wide variations in service conditions and differences in grease and elastomer formulations, correlations between the results obtained with this test method and particular applications should be determined on an individual basis. 5.3 When the optional Reference Elastomers AMS 3217/2C (acrylonitrile-butadiene, NBR-L) and AMS 3217/3A (chloroprene, CR) are used to evaluate compatibility, the results can be used to judge a service characteristic of lubricants. In this respect, this test method is useful for lubricant specifications (for example, Specification D4950). Similarly, this test method can be used in specifications for lubricating fluids as well. 5.4 With specifications requiring elastomers other than Reference Elastomers AMS 3217/2C or AMS 3217/3A, coupons cut from standard sheets (Practice D3182) should be used. When the preparation of such coupons is not feasible, or the lubricant specification requires the use of rubber products that do not have a suitable size or configuration for use in preparing coupons for testing (Practice D3183), this test method can be used as a guide for evaluating compatibility.Note 5—Inasmuch as the precision values apply only to the elastomers specified in Annex A1 of Test Method D4289, when a lubricant specification requires some other elastomer, the user and supplier of the lubricant should agree to the values of acceptable precision. Such values may or may not be the same as those of Test Method D4289. It is recommended that the agreed upon precision values be stated in the user's lubricant specification. 5.5 The results of this test method are most applicable to the use of lubricating greases and fluids in contact with elastomeric seals, boots, O-rings, and similar products, where the physical demands on the elastomer are not extreme. In critical applications where the lubricant will be in contact with rubber parts subject to severe flexing, extreme temperatures, or similar stresses, other rubber properties, such as tensile strength and elongation, should also be evaluated as they may be more indicative of the true compatibility characteristics.

Standard Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids

ASTM D6922-13 测定汽车发动机油均质性和可混合性的标准试验方法

5.1 It is important that engine oils from different manufacturers be homogeneous and miscible with each other, because operators of automotive engines often do not have prior knowledge of the manufacturer of the oil that is currently used in their application, and engine failure can occur if oils are combined that do not stay homogeneous and function properly. 1.1 This test method covers the determination if an automotive engine oil is homogeneous and will remain so, and if it is miscible with certain standard reference oils after being submitted to a prescribed cycle of temperature changes. This test method is very similar to the homogeneity and miscibility test described in FED–STD–791/3470.1. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Homogeneity and Miscibility in Automotive Engine Oils

ASTM D7593-13 采用气相色谱法测定在用发动机油燃料稀释的标准试验方法

5.1 Some fuel dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive fuel dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of fuel dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action. This test method does not purport to accurately quantify the specific fuel present in the in-service lubricant samples due to limitations associated with the aging and degradation of the fuel in the crankcase. Rather, quantification of diesel fuel is normalized using a simulated aged fuel. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of fuel dilution for in-service engine oil by gas chromatography. 1.2 Analysis can be performed directly by this test method without pretreatment or dilution of the sample. 1.3 There is no limitation for the determination of the dilution range, provided the amount of sample is within the linear range of the gas chromatograph detector. However, sample dilution can add potential error to the result and may affect the precision obtained as compared to the values presented in Section 14, which were obtained with no dilution. 1.4 This test method covers a quantitation range up to 108201;% (m/m) for diesel and biodiesel, and up to 58201;% (m/m) for gasoline. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where non-SI units are provided, they are shown in parentheses. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D4683-13 高剪切速率下和高温用TBS粘度150℃测量新的和用过的发动机机油粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 Viscosity values at the shear rate and temperature of this test method have been indicated to be related to the viscosity providing hydrodynamic lubrication in automotive and heavy duty engines in severe service.4 5.2 The viscosities of engine oils under such high temperatures and shear rates are also related to their effects on fuel efficiency and the importance of high shear rate, high temperature viscosity has been addressed in a number of publications and presentations.4 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 1508201;°C and 1.0·1068201;s−1 using a viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer.2 1.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 1.28201;mPa·s to 7.7 mPa·s at 1508201;°C. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.478201;mPa·s to 5.09 mPa·s at 1508201;°C for the materials listed in the precision section. 1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1.0·1068201;s−1 for this test method has a viscosity closely held to 3.55 mPa·s at 1508201;°C by using the absolute viscometry of the TBS. 1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated TBS viscometers were used in developing the precision statement for this test method. 1.5 Application to petroleum products such as base oils and formulated engine oils was determined in preparing the viscometric information for this test method. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6.1 This test method uses the milliPascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. This unit is equivalent to the centipoise (cP). 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150?deg;C

ASTM D7874-13 在用润滑剂试验失效模式与效果分析(FMEA)应用标准指南

5.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for fluid analysis programs and serves as an initial justification for selecting fluid tests and sampling frequencies. Plant operating experience along with the review and benchmarking of similar applications is required to ensure that lessons learned are implemented. 5.2 Selection of proper fluid tests for assessing in-service component condition may have both safety and economic implications. Some failure modes may cause component disintegration, increasing the safety hazard. Thus, any fluid test that can predict such conditions should be included in the condition-monitoring program. Conversely, to maintain a sustainable and successful fluid-monitoring program, the scope of the fluid tests and their frequency should be carefully balanced between the associated risks versus expected program cost savings and benefits. 5.3 The failure modes monitored may be similar from one application to the next, but the risk and consequences of failure may differ. 5.4 This analysis can be used to determine which in-service lubricant analysis tests would be of highest value and which would be ineffective for the failure modes of interest. This information can also be used to determine the best monitoring strategy for a suite of failure modes and how often assessment is needed to manage the risk of failure. 1.1 This guide describes a methodology to select tests to be used for in-service lubricant analysis. The selection of fluid tests for monitoring failure mode progression in industrial applications applies the principles of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). 1.2 Although typical FMEA addresses all possible product failure modes, the focus of this guide is not intended to address failures that have a very high probability of unsafe operation as these should immediately be addressed by other means. 1.3 This guide is limited to components selected for condition-monitoring programs by providing a methodology to choose fluid tests associated with specific failure modes for the purpose of identifying their earliest developing stage and monitoring fault progression. The scope of this guide is also focused on those failure modes and their consequences that can effectively be detected and monitored by fluid analysis techniques. 1.4 This guide pertains to a process to be used to ensure an appropriate amount of condition monitoring is performed with the objective of improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing fluid analysis monitoring of industrial machinery. This guide can also be used to select the monitoring frequencies needed to make the failure determinations and provide an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a current condition-monitoring program. 1.5 This guide does not eliminate the programmatic requirements for appropriate assembly, operational, and maintenance practices. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Applying Failure Mode and Effect Analysis lpar;FMEArpar; to In-Service Lubricant Testing

ASTM D4741-13 高温和高剪切速率下用锥塞粘度计测量粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 Viscosity measured under the conditions of this test method is considered to be representative of that at the temperatures and shear rates but not the pressures in the journal bearings of internal combustion engines under operating conditions. 5.2 The relevance of these conditions to the measurement of engine-oil viscosity has been discussed in many publications.6 1.1 This test method2 covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of oils at 1508201;°C and 1 × 106s–1 and at 1008201;°C and 1 × 106s–1, using high shear rate tapered-plug viscometer models BE/C or BS/C. 1.2 Newtonian calibration oils are used to adjust the working gap and for calibration of the apparatus. These calibration oils cover a range from approximately 1.48201;mPa·s to 5.9 mPa·s (cP) at 1508201;°C and 4.28201;mPa·s to 18.9 mPa·s (cP) at 1008201;°C. This test method should not be used for extrapolation to higher viscosities than those of the Newtonian calibration oils used for calibration of the apparatus. If it is so used, the precision statement will no longer apply. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.488201;mPa·s to 5.07 mPa·s at 150 °C and from 4.98201;mPa·s to 11.8 mPa·s at 1008201;°C for the materials listed in the precision section. 1.3 A non-Newtonian reference oil is used to check that the working conditions are correct. The exact viscosity appropriate to each batch of this oil is established by testing on a number of instruments in different laboratories. The agreed value for this reference oil may be obtained from the chairman of the Coordinating European Council (CEC) Surveillance Group for CEC L-36-A90, or from the distributor. 1.4 Applicability to products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method. 1.5 This test method uses the millipascal seconds, mPa·s, as the unit of viscosity. For information, the equivalent cgs unit, centipoise, cP, is shown in parentheses. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer

ASTM D1743-13 测定润滑脂防腐蚀性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method differentiates the relative corrosion-preventive capabilities of lubricating greases under the conditions of the test. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosion preventive properties of greases using grease-lubricated tapered roller bearings stored under wet conditions. This test method is based on CRC Technique L 412 that shows correlations between laboratory results and service for grease lubricated aircraft wheel bearings. 1.2 Apparatus Dimensions—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 All Other Values—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases

ASTM D7484-13a 评估Cummins ISB中型柴油发动机气门机构磨损性能用汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware. 5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results. 1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification. 1.2.2 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions. 1.4 Table of Contents:   Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

ASTM D6681-13 卡特皮勒1P试验程序评价高速单缸柴油发动机中发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development. 1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:   Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

ASTM D6138-13 在动态潮湿条件下测定润滑脂防腐蚀性能的标准试验方法 (Emcor试验)

5.1 This test method is used to assess the ability of grease to prevent corrosion in rolling bearings operated in the presence of distilled water, sodium chloride solution, or synthetic sea water. It is used for development and specification purposes. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of corrosion- preventive properties of greases using grease- lubricated ball bearings under dynamic wet conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion-Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases Under Dynamic Wet Conditions (Emcor Test)

ASTM D6984-13 评估IIIF序列火花点火发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service. 5.2 The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test method indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures. 5.3 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine. 5.4 The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test method provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact. 5.5 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test method. 5.6 The Sequence IIIF engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIE test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as: 5.6.1 Specification D4485, 5.6.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and 5.6.3 SAE Classification J183. 1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in inches for ring gap measurements are to be regarded as standard, and where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source supply equipment specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Subject

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D7038-13 评定汽车齿轮润滑剂抗湿腐蚀性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion. 5.2 The test method described in this standard may be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without the assistance of anyone not associated with that laboratory. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A7). By this means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection with several Army lubricating oil specifications. 5.3 The L-33-1 test procedure is used or referred to in the following documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A,8 SAE J308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E. 1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly.2 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—(1) where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and (2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for the definitions in 12.2, and for SI units where there are no direct inch-pounds equivalent units. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants

ASTM D6794-13 在用不同量的水处理和加热6小时后测量对发动机油过滤性影响的标准试验方法

5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it. 5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state. 5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run. 5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined. 5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available. 5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.Note 1—When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Various Amounts of Water and a Long (6?h) Heating Time

ASTM D6795-13 在用水和干冰处理和加热30分组后测量对发动机油过滤性影响的标准试验方法

5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it. 5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state. 5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run. 5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined. 5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available. 5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.Note 1—When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating Time

ASTM D4304-13 汽轮机或燃气轮机用矿物润滑油标准规格

1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbine lubrication systems where the performance requirements demand highly refined mineral or synthetic base oils compounded with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency. 1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics. 1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil before it is installed in the machinery. 1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may perform satisfactorily in some turbines. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

ASTM E2275-13 评估水可混金属加工液抗生物作用和抗微生物杀虫剂性能的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice provides laboratory procedures for rating the relative bioresistance of metalworking fluid formulations, for determining the need for microbicide addition prior to or during fluid use in metalworking systems and for evaluating microbicide performance. General considerations for microbicide selection are provided in Practice E2169. 5.2 The factors affecting challenge population numbers, taxonomic diversity, physiological state, inoculation frequency and biodeterioration effects in recirculating metalworking fluid systems are varied and only partially understood. Consequently, the results of tests completed in accordance with this practice should be used only to compare the relative performance of products or microbicide treatments included in a test series. Results should not be construed as predicting actual field performance. 1.1 This practice addresses the evaluation of the relative inherent bioresistance of water-miscible metalworking fluids, the bioresistance attributable to augmentation with antimicrobial pesticides or both. It replaces Methods D3946 and E686. 1.2 In this practice relative bioresistance is determined by challenging metalworking fluids with a biological inoculum that may either be characterized (comprised of one or more known biological cultures) or uncharacterized (comprised of biologically contaminated metalworking fluid or one or more unidentified isolates from deteriorated metalworking fluid). Challenged fluid bioresistance is defined in terms of resistance to biomass increase, viable cell recovery increase, chemical property change, physical property change or some combination thereof. 1.3 This practice is applicable to antimicrobial agents that are incorporated into either the metalworking fluid concentrate or end-use dilution. It is also applicable to metalworking fluids that are formulated using non-microbicidal, inherently bioresistant components. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide Performance

ASTM D7889-13 采用IR光谱法现场测定进行中流体特性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides a means for obtaining useful in-service fluid analysis properties in the field. It is not to be confused with laboratory or portable FTIR devices which provide measurements per the existing Test Methods listed in 4.1.1.1. Each of these monitored properties has been shown over time to indicate either contamination in the fluid system or a particular breakdown modality of the fluid, which is critical information to assess the health of the fluid as well as the machinery. By utilizing the field device, it is possible for those operating machinery, in locations and situations where it is not practical to gather a sample for the laboratory, to obtain quality in-service fluid analysis. This may be due to the need to have an analysis done in real-time, on-the-spot to maximize the operational hours of equipment, or to have the analysis performed at a location where no laboratory analysis is available. 1.1 This test method describes the use of a grating spectrometer to analyze properties of an in-service fluid sample which are indicative of the status of that fluid and related machinery. 1.2 This test method provides a means for the assessment of in-service fluid properties using infrared spectroscopy. It describes a methodology for sampling, performing analysis, and providing key in-service fluid properties with a self-contained unit that is meant for field use. It provides analysis of in-service fluids at any stage of their useful life, including newly utilized fluid. 1.3 In particular, these key in-service fluid properties include oxidation, nitration, sulfation, soot, and antiwear additives. They are applicable for hydrocarbon type (API Group I-IV) fluids from machinery lubricants, including reciprocating engine oils, turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and gear oils. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4.1 Exception—The unit for wavenumbers is in cm-1. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Field Determination of In-Service Fluid Properties Using IR Spectroscopy

ASTM D5481-13 用多孔毛细管粘度计在高温高剪切率下测量表面粘性的标准试验方法

5.1 Viscosity is an important property of fluid lubricants. The viscosity of all fluids varies with temperature. Many common petroleum lubricants are non-Newtonian: their viscosity also varies with shear rate. The usefulness of the viscosity of lubricants is greatest when the viscosity is measured at or near the conditions of shear rate and temperature that the lubricants will experience in service. 5.2 The conditions of shear rate and temperature of this test method are thought to be representative of those in the bearing of automotive engines in severe service. 5.3 Many equipment manufacturers and lubricant specifications require a minimum high-temperature high-shear viscosity at 1508201;°C and 106 s−1. The shear rate in capillary viscometers varies across the radius of the capillary. The apparent shear rate at the wall for this test method is increased to compensate for the variable shear rate.3 5.4 This test was evaluated in an ASTM cooperative program.6 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of high-temperature high-shear (HTHS) viscosity of engine oils at a temperature of 1508201;°C using a multicell capillary viscometer containing pressure, temperature, and timing instrumentation. The shear rate for this test method corresponds to an apparent shear rate at the wall of 1.4 million reciprocal seconds (1.48201;×8201;10 6 s−1).3 This shear rate has been found to decrease the discrepancy between this test method and other high-temperature high-shear test methods3 (Test Methods D4683 and D4741) used for engine oil specifications. Viscosities are determined directly from calibrations that have been established with Newtonian oils with nominal viscosities from 1.48201;mPa·s to 5.0 mPa·s at 1508201;°C. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.458201;mPa·s and 5.05 mPa·s at 150 °C for the materials listed in the precision section. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 The centiPoise (cP) is a non-SI metric unit of viscosity that is numerically equal to the milliPascal-second (mPa·s). 1.2.2 Pounds per square inch (psi) is a non-SI unit of pressure that is approximately equal to 6.895 kPa. These units are provided for information only in 6.1.1, 7.3, 9.1.2.1, and the tables. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer