75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related pr 标准查询与下载

ASTM G208-12 使用射流冲击器评测油田和精炼厂腐蚀抑制剂的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a generally accepted procedure to use the jet impingement (JI) apparatus for evaluating corrosion inhibitors for oilfield and refinery applications in defined flow conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using Jet Impingement Apparatus

ASTM D5133-12 用温度扫描技术测定润滑油与低温的关系、润滑油与低切变率的关系、润滑油与粘度的关系、润滑油与温度的关系的标准试验方法

5.1 Significance of Low-Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Engine Oil Rheology—The low-temperature, low-shear viscometric behavior of an engine oil determines whether the oil will flow to the sump inlet screen, then to the oil pump, then to the sites in the engine requiring lubrication in sufficient quantity to prevent engine damage immediately or ultimately after cold temperature starting. 5.1.1 Two forms of flow problems have been identified,4 flow-limited and air-binding behavior. The first form of flow restriction, flow-limited behavior, is associated with the oil's viscosity; the second, air-binding behavior, is associated with gelation. 5.2 Significance of the Test Method—The temperature-scanning technique employed by this test method was designed to determine the susceptibility of the engine oil to flow-limited and air-binding response to slow cooling conditions by providing continuous information on the rheological condition of the oil over the temperature range of use.4 ,5,7 In this way, both viscometric and gelation response are obtained in one test.Note 1—This test method is one of three related to pumpability related problems. Measurement of low-temperature viscosity by the two other pumpability Test Methods D3829 and D4684, hold the sample in a quiescent state and generate the apparent viscosity of the sample at shear rates ranging up to 15 sec-1 and shear stresses up to 525 Pa at a previously selected temperature. Such difference in test parameters (shear rate, shear stress, sample motion, temperature scanning, and so forth) can lead to differences in the measured apparent viscosity among these test methods with some test oils, particularly when other rheological factors associated with gelation are present. In addition, the three methods differ considerably in cooling rates. 5.3 Gelation Index and Gelation Index Temperature—This test method has been further developed to yield parameters called the Gelation Index and Gelation Index temperature. The first parameter is a measure of the maximum rate of torque increase caused by the rheological response of the oil as the oil is cooled slowly. The second parameter is the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures. 1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s-1 is produced at shear stresses below 100 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 1°C/h over the range −5 to −40°C, or to the temperature at which the viscosity exceeds 40 000 mPa·s (cP). 1.3 The measur......

Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique

ASTM D7320-12 评估顺序IIIG火花点火式发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service. The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures. The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine. The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact. The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test. The Sequence IIIG engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIF test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following: Specification D4485, Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and SAE Classification J183.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines. 1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a IIIGA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), a IIIGVS Test (EOT viscosity increase measurement), or a IIIGB Test (phosphorous retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendixes Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, respectively. Note 18212;Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception8212;Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 6.14.1.1 and 7.1. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Section Introduction Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D7303-12 用感应耦合等离子体原子发射分光光谱测定法测定润滑脂中金属的标准试验方法

Lubricating greases are used in almost all bearings used in any machinery. Lubricating grease is composed of ~90 % additized oil and soap or other thickening agent. There are over a dozen metallic elements present in greases, either blended as additives for performance enhancements or as thickeners, or in used greases present as contaminants and wear metals. Determining their concentrations can be an important aspect of grease manufacture. The metal content can also indicate the amount of thickeners in the grease. Additionally, a reliable analysis technique can also assist in the process of trouble shooting problems with new and used grease in the field. Although widely used in other sectors of the oil industry for metal analysis, ICP-AES based Test Methods D4951 or D5185 cannot be used for analyzing greases because of their insolubility in organic solvents used in these test methods. Hence, grease samples need to be brought into aqueous solution by acid decomposition before ICP-AES measurements. Test Method D3340 has been used to determine lithium and sodium content of lubricating greases using flame photometry. This technique is no longer widely used. This new test method provides a test method for multi-element analysis of grease samples. This is the first DO2 standard available for simultaneous multi-element analysis of lubricating greases.1.1 This test method covers the determination of a number of metals such as aluminum, antimony, barium, calcium, iron, lithium, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, silicon, sodium, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating greases by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique. 1.1.1 The range of applicability for this test method, based on the interlaboratory study conducted in 2005, is aluminum (10–600), antimony (10–2300), barium (50–800), calcium (20–50 000), iron (10–360), lithium (300–3200), magnesium (30–10 000), molybdenum (50–22 000), phosphorus (50–2000), silicon (10–15 000), sodium (30–1500), sulfur (1600–28 000), and zinc (300–2200), all in mg/kg. Lower levels of elements may be determined by using larger sample weights, and higher levels of elements may be determined by using smaller amounts of sample or by using a larger dilution factor after sample dissolution. However, the test precision in such cases has not been determined, and may be different than the ones given in Table 1. 1.1.2 It may also be possible to determine additional metals such as bismuth, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, potassium, titanium, etc. by this technique. However, not enough data is available to specify the precision for these latter determinations. These metals may originate into greases through contamination or as additive elements. 1.1.3 During sample preparation, the grease samples are decomposed with a variety of acid mixture(s). It is beyond the scope of this test method to specify appropriate acid mixtures for all possible combination of metals present in the sample. But if the ash dissolution results in any visible insoluble material, the test method may not be applicab......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals in Lubricating Greases by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D7452-12 在高速和冲击荷重条件下评定单级主减速器驱动桥用润滑油承载性能的标准试验方法

Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants. This test method is used or referred to in the following documents: American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560. SAE J308 and SAE J2360.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions8212;SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of Lubricants Used for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speed and Shock Loading

ASTM D3828-12 小刻度闭杯试验器测定液体闪点的标准试验方法

Flash point measures the response of the test specimen to heat and ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and classify them. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes. Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. These test methods use a smaller sample (2 to 4 mL) and a shorter test time (1 to 2 min) than traditional test methods. Method A, IP 524 and EN ISO 3680 are similar methods for flash no-flash tests. Method B, IP 523 and EN ISO 3679 are similar methods for flash point determination.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for flash point tests, within the range of –30 to 300°C, of petroleum products and biodiesel liquid fuels, using a small scale closed cup tester. The procedures may be used to determine, whether a product will or will not flash at a specified temperature (flash/no flash Method A) or the flash point of a sample (Method B). When used in conjunction with an electronic thermal flash detector, these test methods are also suitable for flash point tests on biodiesels such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. See also the Material Safety Data Sheets for the product being tested.

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester

ASTM D6984-12 评估顺序IIIF火花点火式发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service. The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test method indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures. The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine. The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test method provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact. The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test method. The Sequence IIIF engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIE test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as: Specification D4485, Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and SAE Classification J183.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines. Note 18212;Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions8212;The values stated in inches for ring gap measurements are to be regarded as standard, and where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source supply equipment specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: SubjectSection Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus6 Laboratory6.1 Drawings6.2 Specified Equipment

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D5704-12 手动变速箱和最终传动轴用润滑油的热稳定性和氧化稳定性能评定的标准试验方法

This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies. This test method is used or referred to in the following documents: American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles, STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service, SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions8212;The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard. 1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles

ASTM D5967-12 评估T-8柴油机中柴油机油的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to evaluate the viscometric performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines. Results are obtained from used oil analysis. The test method is used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed. TABLE 1 PC-9 Reference Diesel Fuel PropertyTest Method MinAMaxA Sulfur, mass %D26220.040.05 Gravity, °APID287 or D405234.536.5 (37) Hydrocarbon composition, % vol AromaticsD1319 (FIA)(27) 2833 OlefinD1319 (FIA) Report Cetane numberD613 40 (42)48 Cetane indexD976 and D4737Report Copper strip corrosionD1301 Flash point, °CD9354 Pour point, °CD97

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine

ASTM D5579-12 在循环耐久性试验中手动变速箱润滑油热稳定性评定的标准试验方法

This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance. This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following: (final API designation of PG-1), Military Specification MIL-L-2105, SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures. 1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range. 1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer. 1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5.1 Exception8212;When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This test method is arranged as follows: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6 Test Transmission 6.2 Transmission Mounts 6.3 Oil-Circulating System 6.4 Oil Return Hole 6.5 Air Pressure Controls 6.6 Drive System 6.7 Instrumentation 6.8 Thermocouple Placement 6.9

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

ASTM D1092-12 润滑脂表观粘度测量的标准试验方法

5.1 Apparent viscosity versus shear rate information can be useful in predicting pressure drops in grease distribution systems under steady-state flow conditions at constant temperature. 1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature range from −54 to 38°C (−65 to 100°F). Measurements are limited to the range from 25 to 1008201;000 P at 0.1 s−1 and 1 to 100 P at 158201;000 s−1.Note 1—At very low temperatures the shear rate range may be reduced because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10 s−1. 1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI (acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig. A1.1 and Fig. A1.2 are standard. 1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.3.1 In addition, temperature measuring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, or platinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that cover the temperature range for ASTM thermometer 49C, may be used. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases

ASTM D6121-12 在低速和高扭矩条件下最终双曲面齿轮传动轴用润滑剂的承载能力评估的标准试验方法

This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both. This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents: American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560. STP-512A. SAE J308. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E. SAE J2360.1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test. This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation. 1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A6. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A6 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions8212;In Table A9.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Under Conditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for Final Hypoid Drive Axles

ASTM D7373-12 用生物动力学模型预测润滑油生物可降解性的标准试验方法

This procedure is able to predict the biodegradability of lubricants within a day without dealing with microorganisms. Excellent correlation is established between the test results and the conventional biodegradation tests (see Test Method D5864 and Test Method D6731).1.1 This test method covers a procedure for predicting biodegradability of lubricants using a bio-kinetic model. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Predicting Biodegradability of Lubricants Using a Bio-kinetic Model

ASTM D6082-12 润滑油高温发泡特性的标准试验方法

The tendency of oils to foam at high temperature can be a serious problem in systems such as high-speed gearing, high volume pumping, and splash lubrication. Foaming can cause inadequate lubrication, cavitation, and loss of lubricant due to overflow, and these events can lead to mechanical failure. Correlation between the amount of foam created or the time for foam to collapse, or both, and actual lubrication failure has not been established. Such relations should be empirically determined for foam sensitive applications.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils (specifically transmission fluid and motor oil) at 150°C. 1.2 Foaming characteristics of lubricating oils at temperatures up to 93.5°C are determined by Test Method D892 or IP 146. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

ASTM D893-12 用过的润滑油中不溶物质的标准试验方法

Pentane insolubles can include oil-insoluble materials and some oil-insoluble resinous matter originating from oil or additive degradation, or both. Toluene insoluble materials can come from (1) external contamination, (2) fuel carbon and highly carbonized materials from degradation of fuel, oil, and additives, or (3) engine wear and corrosion materials. A significant change in pentane insolubles, toluene insolubles (with or without coagulant), and insoluble resins indicates a change in oil which could lead to lubrication system problems. Insolubles measured can also assist in evaluating the performance characteristics of a used oil or in determining the cause of equipment failure.1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane and toluene insolubles in used lubricating oils. 1.2 Procedure A covers the determination of insolubles without the use of coagulant in the pentane. It provides an indication of the materials that can readily be separated from the oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging. 1.3 Procedure B covers the determination of insolubles in oils containing detergents and employs a coagulant for both the pentane and toluene insolubles. In addition to the materials separated by using Procedure A, this coagulation procedure separates some finely divided materials that may be suspended in the oil. Note 18212;Results obtained by Procedures A and B should not be compared since they usually give different values. The same procedure should be employed when comparing values obtained periodically on an oil in use or when comparing results determined by two or more laboratories. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 9.1.1.

Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils

ASTM D7500-12 用气体色谱法确定沸程在100至735℃的石油馏份和润滑油基础油的沸程划分的标准试验方法

5.1 The boiling range distribution of medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining processes (for example, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, visbreaking, or deasphalting). The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties. 5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include distillates (IBP8201;gt;8201;100°C) and heavy petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D2887 (538°C). 5.3 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method have not been analyzed for correlation to those obtained by low efficiency distillation, such as with Test Method D86 or D1160. This test method does not claim agreement between these physical distillations and simulated distillation. Efforts to resolve this question will continue. When successful resolutions of the questions are determined, this test method will be revised accordingly. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. This standard test method has been developed through the harmonization of two test methods, Test Method D6352 and IP 480. As both of these methods cover the same scope and include very similar operating conditions, it was agreed that a single standard method would benefit the global simulated distillation community. 1.2 This test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, diesel). Components containing hetero atoms (for example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D7096, D2887, or D7213 for possible applicability to analysis of these types of materials. This method is also not suitable for samples that will not elute completely from the gas chromatographic column, leaving residues. For such samples as crude oils and residues, see Test Methods D5307 and D7169. 1.3 This test method is applicable to distillates with initial boiling points above 100ºC and final boiling points below 735ºC (carbon 110); for example, distilla......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oilsmdash;in Boiling Range from 100 to 735deg;C by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D3829-12 预测发动机油边界泵送温度的标准试验方法

5.1 Borderline pumping temperature is a measure of the lowest temperature at which an engine oil can be continuously and adequately supplied to the oil pump inlet of an automotive engine. 1.1 This test method covers the prediction of the borderline pumping temperature (BPT) of engine oils through the use of a 16-h cooling cycle over the temperature range from 0 to −40°C. The precision is stated for temperatures from -34 to -15°C. 1.2 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity, which is equivalent to centipoise (cP). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping Temperature of Engine Oil

ASTM D7320-12a 评估顺序IIIG火花点火式发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service. 5.2 The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures. 5.3 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine. 5.4 The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact. 5.5 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test. 5.6 The Sequence IIIG engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIF test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following: 5.6.1 Specification D4485, 5.6.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and 5.6.3 SAE Classification J183. 1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines. 1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a IIIGA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), a IIIGVS Test (EOT viscosity increase measurement), or a IIIGB Test (phosphorous retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendixes Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, respectively.Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values sta......

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D5967-12a T-8柴油机用柴油机油评估的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the viscometric performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines. Results are obtained from used oil analysis. 5.2 The test method is used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed. 1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2 This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-8. 1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for running an extended length T-8 test, which is commonly referred to as the T-8E and an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as T-8A. The procedures for the T-8E and the T-8A are identical to the T-8 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 respectively. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the T-8 procedure. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, sole source equipment suppliers, and oil consumption in grams per kilowatthour. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions. 1.5 A Table of Contents follows: Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine

ASTM D4684-12 发动机油在低温下表观粘度和弯曲应力测定的试验方法

5.1 When an engine oil is cooled, the rate and duration of cooling can affect its yield stress and viscosity. In this laboratory test, a fresh engine oil is slowly cooled through a temperature range where wax crystallization is known to occur, followed by relatively rapid cooling to the final test temperature. These laboratory test results have predicted as failures the known engine oils that have failed in the field because of lack of oil pumpability.4 These documented field failing oils all consisted of oils normally tested at –25°C. These field failures are believed to be the result of the oil forming a gel structure that results in either excessive yield stress or viscosity of the engine oil, or both. 5.2 Cooling Profiles: 5.2.1 For oils to be tested at8201;−20°C or colder, Table X1.1 applies. The cooling profile described in Table X1.1 is based on the viscosity properties of the ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils (PRO). This series of oils includes oils with normal low-temperature flow properties and oils that have been associated with low-temperature pumpability problems (1-5).5 Significance for the8201;−35 and −40°C temperature profiles is based on the data collected from the “Cold Starting and Pumpability Studies in Modern Engines” conducted by ASTM (6,7). 5.2.2 For oils to be tested at8201;−15 or8201;−10°C, Table X1.2 applies. No significance has been determined for this temperature profile because of the absence of appropriate reference oils. Similarly, precision of the test method using this profile for the8201;−10°C test temperature is unknown. The temperature profile of Table X1.2 is derived from the one in Table X1.1 and has been moved up in temperature, relative to Table X1.1, in consideration of the expected higher cloud points of the viscous oils tested at8201;−15 and8201;−10°C. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over a period exceeding 45 h to a final test temperature between –10 and –40°C. The precision is stated for test temperatures from –40 to –15°C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 to 15 s–1. The viscosity as measured at this shear stress was found to produ......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature