75.140 (Waxes, bituminous materials and other petr 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5581-96(2001) 用马歇尔仪器(6英寸直径样本)测试沥青混合料的抗塑料流动性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of bituminous paving mixture loaded on the lateral surface by means of the Marshall apparatus. This test method is for use with mixtures containing asphalt cement and aggregate up to 1 1/2 in. (37.5 mm) nominal maximum size. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard except for reference to sieve sizes and size of aggregate as measured by testing sieves in which SI units are standard according to Specification E11. The SI equivalent shown in parentheses may be approximate. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (6 inch-Diameter Specimen)

ASTM D5801-95(2006)e1 沥青材料粘油和挠性的标准试验方法

This test method is useful in confirming that an asphalt cement has been modified with a material that provides a significant elastomeric component. Elastomer modified asphalts can be characterized by their ability to be stretched to a large elongation while at the same time resisting further stretching. Toughness and tenacity are two parameters for measuring this ability.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for measuring the toughness and tenacity of bituminous materials. Typically, the test method has been used to characterize elastomer modified asphalts, although values for toughness and tenacity may be obtained for any type of polymer-modified or non-modified asphalt.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in inch-pound units in parentheses are for informational purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Toughness and Tenacity of Bituminous Materials

ASTM D5869-95(2002) 沥青材料的黑炉热暴露标准实施规程

1.1 This practice establishes a procedure and conditions of temperature and time for heat exposure of bituminous materials in the presence of air. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Dark Oven Heat Exposure of Bituminous Materials

ASTM D5801-95(2001) 沥青材料粘油和挠性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the procedure for measuring the toughness and tenacity of bituminous materials. Typically, the test method has been used to characterize elastomer modified asphalts, although values for toughness and tenacity may be obtained for any type of polymer-modified or non-modified asphalt. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in inch-pound units in parentheses are for informational purposes only.

Standard Test Method for Toughness and Tenacity of Bituminous Materials

ASTM D4893-94(2009) 沥青挥发性的标准试验方法

This test is useful in evaluating and characterizing pitch physical properties in comparing the consistency of shipments and sources of supply.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent of pitch volatility. 1.2 Since this test method is empirical, strict adherence to the procedure is necessary. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility

ASTM D4893-94(1999) 沥青挥发性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent of pitch volatility. 1.2 Since this test method is empirical, strict adherence of the procedure is necessary. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility

ASTM D4893-94(2015)e1 沥青挥发性的标准试验方法

3.1 This test is useful in evaluating and characterizing pitch physical properties in comparing the consistency of shipments and sources of supply. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent of pitch volatility. 1.2 Since this test method is empirical, strict adherence to the procedure is necessary. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only. 1.3.1 Exceptions—The diameter of a special aluminum block is measured in inches. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility

ASTM D4893-94(2004) 测定硬沥青挥发性的标准试验方法

This test is useful in evaluating and characterizing pitch physical properties in comparing the consistency of shipments and sources of supply.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent of pitch volatility. 1.2 Since this test method is empirical, strict adherence of the procedure is necessary.1.3 The values stated in the SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Pitch Volatility

ASTM D5442-93(1998) 采用气相色谱法分析石油石蜡的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the range from n-C17 through n-C44 by gas chromatography using internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and non-normal hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also determined. Material with a carbon number above n-C44 is determined by difference from 100 mass% and reported as C 45+ . 1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not applicable to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethylene glycols (for example, Carbowax ), or natural products such as beeswax or carnauba. 1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with oil content greater than 10% as determined by Test Method D721. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Notes 1 and 2.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D5442-93(2013) 采用气相色谱法分析石油石蜡的标准试验方法

5.1 The determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes and the normal and non-normal hydrocarbons in each can be used for control of production processes as well as a guide to performance in many end uses. 5.2 Data resulting from this test method are particularly useful in evaluating petroleum waxes for use in rubber formulations. 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the range from n-C17 through n-C 44 by gas chromatography using internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and non-normal hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also determined. Material with a carbon number above n -C44 is determined by its difference from 100 mass % and reported as C45+. 1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not applicable to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethylene glycols (for example, Carbowax2), or natural products such as beeswax or carnauba. 1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with oil content greater than 108201;% as determined by Test Method D721. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D5442-93(2008) 用色谱法分析石油石蜡的标准试验方法

The determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes and the normal and non-normal hydrocarbons in each can be used for control of production processes as well as a guide to performance in many end uses. Data resulting from this test method are particularly useful in evaluating petroleum waxes for use in rubber formulations.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the range from n-C17 through n-C44 by gas chromatography using internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and non-normal hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also determined. Material with a carbon number above n-C44 is determined by its difference from 100 mass % and reported as C45+. 1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not applicable to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethylene glycols (for example, Carbowax ), or natural products such as beeswax or carnauba. 1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with oil content greater than 10 % as determined by Test Method D 721. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D938-92(1998)e1 石油蜡（包括矿脂）凝固点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the congealing point of petroleum waxes, including petrolatum.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;This test method is an alternative to Test Method D 127. Results obtained are usually lower than the results obtained by Test Method D 127 - IP 133, the amount of the deviation varying with the nature of the petroleum wax.

Standard Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including Petrolatum

ASTM D938-92(1998) 石油蜡（包括矿脂）凝固点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the congealing point of petroleum waxes, including petrolatum. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-This test method is an alternative to Test Method D127. Results obtained are usually lower than the results obtained by Test Method D127-IP133, the amount of the deviation varying with the nature of the petroleum wax.

Standard Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including Petrolatum

ASTM D1465-90(2000) 石油蜡封堵点标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the blocking point and picking point of petroleum wax. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax

ASTM D4419-90(2005) 差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量石油蜡转变温度的标准试验方法

DSC in a convenient and rapid method for determining the temperature limits within which a wax undergoes during transitions. The highest temperature transition is a solid-liquid transition associated with complete melting; it can guide the choice of wax storage and application temperatures. The solid-solid temperature transition is related to the properties of the solid, that is, hardness and blocking temperature. Note 28212;For a relatively narrow cut petroleum wax, the lowest transition will be a solid-solid transition. A narrow cut wax is one obtained by deoiling a single petroleum distillate with a maximum range of 120°F between its 5 % and 95 % vol in accordance with Test Method D 1160 boiling points (converted to 760 torr). The DSC method cannot differentiate between solid-liquid and solid-solid transitions. Such information must be predetermined by other techniques. In the case of blends, the lower temperature transition may be envelopes of both solid-liquid and solid-solid transitions. Since petroleum wax is a mixture of hydrocarbons with different molecular weights, its transitions occur over a temperature range. This range is one factor that influences the width, expressed in °C, of the DSC peaks. The highest temperature transition is a first-order transition. If, for a series of waxes, there is supporting evidence that the highest temperature transition of each wax is the major first-order transition, its relative width should correlate with the relative width of the waxrsquo;molecular weight distribution.1.1 This test method covers the transition temperatures of petroleum waxes, including microcrystalline waxes, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These transitions may occur as a solid-solid transition or as a solid-liquid transition.1.2 The normal operating temperature range extends from 15C to 150C (Note 1).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Petroleum Waxes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

ASTM D4419-90(2000) 通过差示扫描量热法测定石油蜡的转变温度的标准试验方法（DSC）

1.1 This test method measures the transition temperatures of petroleum waxes, including microcrystalline waxes, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These transitions may occur as a solid-solid transition or as a solid-liquid transition. 1.2 The normal operating temperature range extends from 15oC to 150oC (Note 1).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Petroleum Waxes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

ASTM D4419-90(2010) 用差示扫描量热法测定石油蜡转变温度的标准试验方法

DSC in a convenient and rapid method for determining the temperature limits within which a wax undergoes during transitions. The highest temperature transition is a solid-liquid transition associated with complete melting; it can guide the choice of wax storage and application temperatures. The solid-solid temperature transition is related to the properties of the solid, that is, hardness and blocking temperature. Note 28212;For a relatively narrow cut petroleum wax, the lowest transition will be a solid-solid transition. A narrow cut wax is one obtained by deoiling a single petroleum distillate with a maximum range of 120°F between its 5 % and 95 % vol in accordance with Test Method D1160 boiling points (converted to 760 torr). The DSC method cannot differentiate between solid-liquid and solid-solid transitions. Such information must be predetermined by other techniques. In the case of blends, the lower temperature transition may be envelopes of both solid-liquid and solid-solid transitions. Since petroleum wax is a mixture of hydrocarbons with different molecular weights, its transitions occur over a temperature range. This range is one factor that influences the width, expressed in °C, of the DSC peaks. The highest temperature transition is a first-order transition. If, for a series of waxes, there is supporting evidence that the highest temperature transition of each wax is the major first-order transition, its relative width should correlate with the relative width of the wax's molecular weight distribution.1.1 This test method covers the transition temperatures of petroleum waxes, including microcrystalline waxes, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These transitions may occur as a solid-solid transition or as a solid-liquid transition. 1.2 The normal operating temperature range extends from 15°C to 150°C (Note 1). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Petroleum Waxes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

ASTM D5018-89(2009) 煤焦油和石油硬沥青剪切粘度的标准试验方法

This test method is useful as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments. Viscosity is also valuable for rheological characterization of binder pitches. Binder pitch imparts consistency to carbonaceous mixes and affects their resistance to deformation. Binder pitch viscosity is important for assessing mix consistency and for evaluating the ease of mix extrusion or molding into artifacts.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent shear viscosity of coal-tar and petroleum-based pitches having a Mettler softening point (SP) range of approximately 95 to 120°C. 1.2 This test method is applicable only for rotational viscometers. 1.3 Since this test method is based on theoretical grounds, strict adherence to details of the procedure is necessary to comply with the theoretical requirements. 1.4 The values stated in conventional units (centipoise) are to be regarded as the standard. The SI unit is the pascal second (Pa·s) and one millipascal second (mPa·s) = one centipoise (cps); centipoise is in cgs units. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Shear Viscosity of Coal-Tar and Petroleum Pitches

ASTM D4924-89(1999) 用于橡胶复合的石油蜡的标准分类

1.1 This standard is intended to establish a classification system and test methods for petroleum waxes used in rubber compounding primarily as a static protective agent or material for unsaturated rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and polybutadiene rubber. These unsaturated rubbers are subject to ozone cracking. Under certain exposure conditions, waxes retard this cracking. 1.2 This classification is applicable to petroleum waxes used as process aids in rubber compounding. It is not applicable to nonpetroleum waxes such as carnuba wax, candelille wax, or ceresin wax, nor to synthetic hydrocarbon waxes such as polyethylene wax. These non-petroleum waxes display a different behavior on gas chromatographic analysis than do petroleum waxes. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Classification for Petroleum Waxes for Use in Rubber Compounding

ASTM D4924-89(2012) 橡胶配方用石蜡的标准分类

Petroleum waxes in rubber compounds are commonly used to provide protection from degradation by ozone under static conditions, that is, when there is little or no flexing of the rubber products. The mode of action for this protection is (1) migration of the wax through the rubber to the surface of the product and (2) the formation of an ozone impervious film on the surface. This standard classifies the petroleum waxes on the basis of molecular weight. In general, waxes of lower molecular weight (“paraffinic” or “crystalline”) migrate through the rubber more rapidly and form more brittle film than the higher molecular weight waxes (“microcrystalline”). Wax mixtures and blends are commonly used. No direct inference of suitability for use in a particular rubber compound is made or implied by the classifications herein.1.1 This classification is intended to establish a classification system and test methods for petroleum waxes used in rubber compounding primarily as a static protective agent or material for unsaturated rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and polybutadiene rubber. These unsaturated rubbers are subject to ozone cracking. Under certain exposure conditions, waxes retard this cracking. 1.2 This classification is applicable to petroleum waxes used as process aids in rubber compounding. It is not applicable to nonpetroleum waxes such as carnuba wax, candelille wax, or ceresin wax, nor to synthetic hydrocarbon waxes such as polyethylene wax. These non-petroleum waxes display a different behavior on gas chromatographic analysis than do petroleum waxes. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Classification for Petroleum Waxes for Use in Rubber Compounding