77.060 (Corrosion of metals) 标准查询与下载

ASTM G78-01 海水及其它含氯化物的水环境中铁基和镍基不锈合金的裂隙腐蚀试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides information for conducting crevice-corrosion tests and identifies factors that may affect results and influence conclusions. 1.2 These procedures can be used to identify conditions most likely to result in crevice corrosion and provide a basis for assessing the relative resistance of various alloys to crevice corrosion under certain specified conditions. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 7.1.1.

Standard Guide for Crevice Corrosion Testing of Iron-Base and Nickel-Base Stainless Alloys in Seawater and Other Chloride-Containing Aqueous Environments

ASTM G4-01(2008) 在工厂设备中进行腐蚀试验的标准指南

Note 18212;This guide is consistent with NACE Standard RP0497. Observations and data derived from corrosion testing are used to determine the average rate of corrosion or other types of attack, or both (see Terminology G 15), that occur during the exposure interval. The data may be used as part of an evaluation of candidate materials of construction for use in similar service or for replacement materials in existing facilities. The data developed from in-plant tests may also be used as guide lines to the behavior of existing plant materials for the purpose of scheduling maintenance and repairs. Corrosion rate data derived from a single exposure generally do not provide information on corrosion rate change versus time. Corrosion rates may increase, decrease, or remain constant, depending on the nature of the corrosion products and the effects of incubation time required at the onset of pitting or crevice corrosion.1.1 This guide covers procedures for conducting corrosion tests in plant equipment or systems under operating conditions to evaluate the corrosion resistance of engineering materials. It does not cover electrochemical methods for determining corrosion rates. 1.1.1 While intended primarily for immersion tests, general guidelines provided can be applicable for exposure of test specimens in plant atmospheres, provided that placement and orientation of the test specimens is non-restrictive to air circulation. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also 10.4.2.

Standard Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applications

ASTM G78-01(2007) 海水及其它含氯化物的水环境中铁基和镍基不锈合金的裂隙腐蚀试验的标准指南

This guide covers procedures for crevice-corrosion testing of iron-base and nickel-base stainless alloys in seawater. The guidance provided may also be applicable to crevicecorrosion testing in other chloride containing natural waters and various laboratory prepared aqueous chloride environments. This guide describes the use of a variety of crevice formers including the nonmetallic, segmented washer design referred to as the multiple crevice assembly (MCA) as described in 9.2.2. In-service performance data provide the most reliable determination of whether a material would be satisfactory for a particular end use. Translation of laboratory data from a single test program to predict service performance under a variety of conditions should be avoided. Terms, such as immunity, superior resistance, etc., provide only a general and relatively qualitative description of an alloyrsquo;corrosion performance. The limitations of such terms in describing resistance to crevice corrosion should be recognized. While the guidance provided is generally for the purpose of evaluating sheet and plate materials, it is also applicable for crevice-corrosion testing of other product forms, such as tubing and bars. The presence or absence of crevice corrosion under one set of conditions is no guarantee that it will or will not occur under other conditions. Because of the many interrelated metallurgical, environmental, and geometric factors known to affect crevice corrosion, results from any given test may or may not be indicative of actual performance in service applications where the conditions may be different from those of the test.1.1 This guide covers information for conducting crevice-corrosion tests and identifies factors that may affect results and influence conclusions.1.2 These procedures can be used to identify conditions most likely to result in crevice corrosion and provide a basis for assessing the relative resistance of various alloys to crevice corrosion under certain specified conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 7.1.1.

Standard Guide for Crevice Corrosion Testing of Iron-Base and Nickel-Base Stainless Alloys in Seawater and Other Chloride-Containing Aqueous Environments

ASTM G161-00 有关腐蚀失败分析的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers key issues to be considered when examining metallic failures when corrosion is suspected as either a major or minor causative factor. 1.2 Corrosion-related failures could include one or more of the following: change in surface appearance (for example, tarnish, rust, color change), pin hole leak, catastrophic structural failure (for example, collapse, explosive rupture, implosive rupture, cracking), weld failure, loss of electrical continuity, and loss of functionality (for example, seizure, galling, spalling, swelling).

Standard Guide for Corrosion-Related Failure Analysis

ASTM G123-00 沸腾酸化氯化钠溶液中不同镍合量不锈钢合金应力腐蚀裂纹评定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a procedure for conducting stress-corrosion cracking tests in an acidified boiling sodium chloride solution. This test method is performed in 25% (by mass ) sodium chloride acidified to pH 1.5 with phosphoric acid. This test method is concerned primarily with the test solution and glassware, although a specific style of U-bend test specimen is suggested. 1.2 This test method is designed to provide better correlation with chemical process industry experience for stainless steels than the more severe boiling magnesium chloride test of Practice G36. Some stainless steels which have provided satisfactory service in many environments readily crack in Practice G36, but have not cracked during interlaboratory testing using this sodium chloride test method. 1.3 This boiling sodium chloride test method was used in an interlaboratory test program to evaluate wrought stainless steels, including duplex (ferrite-austenite) stainless and an alloy with up to about 33% nickel. It may also be employed to evaluate these types of materials in the cast or welded conditions. 1.4 This test method detects major effects of composition, heat treatment, microstructure, and stress on the susceptibility of materials to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Small differences between samples such as heat-to-heat variations of the same grade are not likely to be detected. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution

ASTM G161-00(2006) 有关腐蚀失败分析的标准指南

This guide is intended to assist those encountering corrosion or possible corrosion as a causative factor in a failure analysis. This guide is not an absolute plan that will identify the cause of corrosion in all failure analyses. This guide is intended to help an investigator identify significant sources and types of corrosion information that may be available for failure analysis. Appendix X1 contains a checklist that is intended to assist in corrosion-related failure evaluations.1.1 This guide covers key issues to be considered when examining metallic failures when corrosion is suspected as either a major or minor causative factor.1.2 Corrosion-related failures could include one or more of the following: change in surface appearance (for example, tarnish, rust, color change), pin hole leak, catastrophic structural failure (for example, collapse, explosive rupture, implosive rupture, cracking), weld failure, loss of electrical continuity, and loss of functionality (for example, seizure, galling, spalling, swelling).1.3 Issues covered include overall failure site conditions, operating conditions at the time of failure, history of equipment and its operation, corrosion product sampling, environmental sampling, metallurgical and electrochemical factors, morphology (mode) or failure, and by considering the preceding, deducing the cause(s) of corrosion failure.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Corrosion-Related Failure Analysis

ASTM C692-00 评定热绝缘材料对奥氏体不锈钢外部应力腐蚀开裂趋势影响的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the laboratory evaluation of thermal insulation materials that may actively contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) of austenitic stainless steel due to soluble chlorides within the insulation. It should be understood that this laboratory procedure is not intended to cover all of the possible field conditions that might contribute to ESCC. 1.2 While the 1977 edition of this test method (Dana test) is applicable only to wicking-type insulations, the procedures in this edition are intended to be applicable to all insulating materials, including cements, some of which would disintegrate when tested in accordance with the 1977 edition. Wicking insulations are materials that wet through and through when partially (50 to 75%) immersed in water for a short period of time (10 min or less). 1.3 These procedures are intended primarily as a preproduction test for qualification of the basic chemical composition of a particular manufacturer''s product and are not intended to be routine tests for ongoing quality assurance or production lot compliance. Test Methods C871, on the other hand, is used for confirmation of acceptable chemical properties of subsequent lots of insulation previously found acceptable by this test method. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel

ASTM G52-00(2006) 金属及合金在海水表面暴露与评定的标准实施规范

The procedures described herein are recommended for evaluating the corrosion or marine fouling behavior, or both, of materials exposed to quiescent or local tidal flow conditions, or both. 4.1.1 This practice is not intended to cover the influence of high seawater velocity or the behavior of materials in seawater which has been transported from its source. 4.1.2 Some aspects of this practice may be applicable to testing in tanks and troughs which are continuously provided with fresh surface seawater. Additionally, some aspects may also be applicable to deep ocean testing. Note 18212;Guide G 78 provides guidance for conducting crevice corrosion tests under controlled seawater test conditions. While the duration of testing may be dictated by the test objectives, exposures of more than six months or one year are commonly used to minimize the effects of environmental variables associated with seasonal changes or geographic location, or both. The procedures described are applicable for the exposure of simple test panels, welded test panels, or those configured to assess the effects of crevices, or both, such as those described in Guide G 78. In addition, they are useful for testing of actual components and fabricated assemblies. It is prudent to include control materials with known resistance to seawater corrosion or fouling, or both, as described in Test Method D 3623. Note 28212;Materials which have been included in ASTM Worldwide Seawater Corrosivity Studies include UNS K01501 (carbon steel), UNS C70600 (90/10 CuNi) and UNS A95086 (5086-H116 Al).2 4 Note 38212;In the case of evaluations of aluminum alloys, care should be exercised in the location of specimens near copper or high copper-containing alloys. In some instances, it is not sufficient to simply electrically isolate specimens to prevent bi-metallic (galvanic) corrosion; copper ions from nearby corroding copper or copper-base alloys can deposit on aluminum and accelerate its corrosion.1.1 This practice covers conditions for the exposure of metals, alloys, and other materials in natural surface seawater such as those typically found in bays, harbors, channels, and so forth, as contrasted with deep ocean testing. This practice covers full immersion, tidal zone and related splash, and spray zone exposures.1.2 This practice sets forth general procedures that should be followed in conducting seawater exposure tests so that meaningful comparisons may be made from one location to another.1.3 This practice identifies recommended procedures for evaluating the effects of natural surface seawater on the materials exposed.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface Seawater

ASTM G52-00 金属及合金在海水表面暴露与评定的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice covers conditions for exposure of metals and alloys to surface seawater, and sets forth the general procedures that should be followed in conducting seawater exposures tests so that meaningful comparisons may be made for different locations. 1.2 This practice lists suggested procedures for the evaluation of the effects of seawater on metals and alloys. Note 1-Terms relative to this subject matter can be found in Terminology G15. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface Seawater

ASTM G168-00(2006) 裂缝前双束应力腐蚀样品的制作和使用标准实施规范

Precracked specimens offer the opportunity to use the principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics (1)3 to evaluate resistance to stress corrosion cracking in the presence of a pre-existing crack. This type of evaluation is not included in conventional bent beam, C-ring, U-bend, and tension specimens. The precracked double beam specimen is particularly useful for evaluation of materials that display a strong dependence on grain orientation. Since the specimen dimension in the direction of applied stress is small for the precracked double beam specimen, it can be successfully used to evaluate short transverse stress corrosion cracking of wrought products, such as rolled plate or extrusions. The research applications and analysis of precracked specimens in general, and the precracked double beam specimen in particular, are discussed in Appendix X1. The precracked double beam specimen may be stressed in either constant displacement or constant load. Constant displacement specimens stressed by loading bolts or wedges are compact and self-contained. By comparison, constant load specimens stressed with springs (for example, proof rings, discussed in Test Method G 49, 7.2.1.2) or by deadweight loading require additional fixtures that remain with the specimen during exposure. The recommendations of this practice are based on the results of interlaboratory programs to evaluate precracked specimen test procedures (2,3) as well as considerable industrial experience with the precracked double beam specimen and other precracked specimen geometries (4-8).1.1 This practice covers procedures for fabricating, preparing, and using precracked double beam stress corrosion test specimens. This specimen configuration was formerly designated the double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen. Guidelines are given for methods of exposure and inspection.1.2 The precracked double beam specimen, as described in this practice, is applicable for evaluation of a wide variety of metals exposed to corrosive environments. It is particularly suited to evaluation of products having a highly directional grain structure, such as rolled plate, forgings, and extrusions, when stressed in the short transverse direction.1.3 The precracked double beam specimen may be stressed in constant displacement by bolt or wedge loading or in constant load by use of proof rings or dead weight loading. The precracked double beam specimen is amenable to exposure to aqueous or other liquid solutions by specimen immersion or by periodic dropwise addition of solution to the crack tip, or exposure to the atmosphere.1.4 This practice is concerned only with precracked double beam specimen and not with the detailed environmental aspects of stress corrosion testing, which are covered in Practices G 35, G 36, G 37, G 41, G 44, and G 50.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Making and Using Precracked Double Beam Stress Corrosion Specimens

ASTM G52-00(2011) 表层海水中金属及合金的暴露和评价标准操作规程

The procedures described herein are recommended for evaluating the corrosion or marine fouling behavior, or both, of materials exposed to quiescent or local tidal flow conditions, or both. 4.1.1 This practice is not intended to cover the influence of high seawater velocity or the behavior of materials in seawater which has been transported from its source. 4.1.2 Some aspects of this practice may be applicable to testing in tanks and troughs which are continuously provided with fresh surface seawater. Additionally, some aspects may also be applicable to deep ocean testing. Note 18212;Guide G 78 provides guidance for conducting crevice corrosion tests under controlled seawater test conditions. While the duration of testing may be dictated by the test objectives, exposures of more than six months or one year are commonly used to minimize the effects of environmental variables associated with seasonal changes or geographic location, or both. The procedures described are applicable for the exposure of simple test panels, welded test panels, or those configured to assess the effects of crevices, or both, such as those described in Guide G 78. In addition, they are useful for testing of actual components and fabricated assemblies. It is prudent to include control materials with known resistance to seawater corrosion or fouling, or both, as described in Test Method D 3623. Note 28212;Materials which have been included in ASTM Worldwide Seawater Corrosivity Studies include UNS K01501 (carbon steel), UNS C70600 (90/10 CuNi) and UNS A95086 (5086-H116 Al).2 4 Note 38212;In the case of evaluations of aluminum alloys, care should be exercised in the location of specimens near copper or high copper-containing alloys. In some instances, it is not sufficient to simply electrically isolate specimens to prevent bi-metallic (galvanic) corrosion; copper ions from nearby corroding copper or copper-base alloys can deposit on aluminum and accelerate its corrosion.1.1 This practice covers conditions for the exposure of metals, alloys, and other materials in natural surface seawater such as those typically found in bays, harbors, channels, and so forth, as contrasted with deep ocean testing. This practice covers full immersion, tidal zone and related splash, and spray zone exposures.1.2 This practice sets forth general procedures that should be followed in conducting seawater exposure tests so that meaningful comparisons may be made from one location to another.1.3 This practice identifies recommended procedures for evaluating the effects of natural surface seawater on the materials exposed.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface Seawater

ASTM G48-00 用氯化铁溶液测定不锈钢及有关合金耐斑点腐蚀及裂隙腐蚀的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to pitting and crevice corrosion (see Terminology G 15) when exposed to oxidizing chloride environments. Four procedures are described and identified as Methods A, B, C, and D. 1.1.1 Method A- Ferric chloride pitting test. 1.1.2 Method B- Ferric chloride crevice test. 1.1.3 Method C- Critical pitting temperature test. 1.1.4 Method D- Critical crevice temperature test. 1.2 Method A is designed to determine the relative pitting resistance of stainless steels and nickel-base, chromium-bearing alloys, whereas Method B can be used for determining both the pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of these alloys. Methods C and D allow for a ranking of alloys by minimum (critical) temperature to cause initiation of pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion, respectively, of stainless steels and nickel-base, chromium-bearing alloys in a standard ferritic chloride solution. 1.3 These tests may be used to determine the effects of alloying additives, heat treatment, and surface finishes on pitting and crevice corrosion resistance. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are given in parentheses for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution

ASTM G161-00(2013) 与腐蚀相关的失效分析的标准指南

3.1 This guide is intended to assist those encountering corrosion or possible corrosion as a causative factor in a failure analysis. 3.2 This guide is not an absolute plan that will identify the cause of corrosion in all failure analyses. 3.3 This guide is intended to help an investigator identify significant sources and types of corrosion information that may be available for failure analysis. 3.4 Appendix X1 contains a checklist that is intended to assist in corrosion-related failure evaluations. 1.1 This guide covers key issues to be considered when examining metallic failures when corrosion is suspected as either a major or minor causative factor. 1.2 Corrosion-related failures could include one or more of the following: change in surface appearance (for example, tarnish, rust, color change), pin hole leak, catastrophic structural failure (for example, collapse, explosive rupture, implosive rupture, cracking), weld failure, loss of electrical continuity, and loss of functionality (for example, seizure, galling, spalling, swelling). 1.3 Issues covered include overall failure site conditions, operating conditions at the time of failure, history of equipment and its operation, corrosion product sampling, environmental sampling, metallurgical and electrochemical factors, morphology (mode) or failure, and by considering the preceding, deducing the cause(s) of corrosion failure. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Corrosion-Related Failure Analysis

ASTM G168-00(2013) 制作和使用裂缝前双束应力腐蚀样品的标准实施规程

5.1 Precracked specimens offer the opportunity to use the principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics (1)4 to evaluate resistance to stress corrosion cracking in the presence of a pre-existing crack. This type of evaluation is not included in conventional bent beam, C-ring, U-bend, and tension specimens. The precracked double beam specimen is particularly useful for evaluation of materials that display a strong dependence on grain orientation. Since the specimen dimension in the direction of applied stress is small for the precracked double beam specimen, it can be successfully used to evaluate short transverse stress corrosion cracking of wrought products, such as rolled plate or extrusions. The research applications and analysis of precracked specimens in general, and the precracked double beam specimen in particular, are discussed in Appendix X1. 5.2 The precracked double beam specimen may be stressed in either constant displacement or constant load. Constant displacement specimens stressed by loading bolts or wedges are compact and self-contained. By comparison, constant load specimens stressed with springs (for example, proof rings, discussed in Test Method G49, 7.2.1.2) or by deadweight loading require additional fixtures that remain with the specimen during exposure. 5.3 The recommendations of this practice are based on the results of interlaboratory programs to evaluate precracked specimen test procedures (2,3) as well as considerable industrial experience with the precracked double beam specimen and other precracked specimen geometries (4-8). 1.1 This practice covers procedures for fabricating, preparing, and using precracked double beam stress corrosion test specimens. This specimen configuration was formerly designated the double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen. Guidelines are given for methods of exposure and inspection. 1.2 The precracked double beam specimen, as described in this practice, is applicable for evaluation of a wide variety of metals exposed to corrosive environments. It is particularly suited to evaluation of products having a highly directional grain structure, such as rolled plate, forgings, and extrusions, when stressed in the short transverse direction. 1.3 The precracked double beam specimen may be stressed in constant displacement by bolt or wedge loading or in constant load by use of proof rings or dead weight loading. The precracked double beam specimen is amenable to exposure to aqueous or other liquid solutions by specimen immersion or by periodic dropwise addition of solution to the crack tip, or exposure t......

Standard Practice for Making and Using Precracked Double Beam Stress Corrosion Specimens

ASTM D1748-00 在湿润箱中用金属保护剂防止金属生锈的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used for evaluating the rust-preventive properties of metal preservatives under conditions of high humidity. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rust Protection by Metal Preservatives in the Humidity Cabinet

ASTM B810-00 通过铜质量的变化对大气腐蚀试验室进行校正的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the calibration of atmospheric corrosion test chambers for electrical contacts that produce an adherent film of corrosion product on copper, such as a test comprised of a mixture of flowing gases that react with copper. 1.2 This test method is not applicable to tests where corrosion products may be removed from a copper surface during the test by fluids. 1.3 This test method is not applicable to tests where airborne solid or liquid material may be deposited on a copper surface during the test, as in a test which includes particulates suspended in the atmosphere. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Test Method for Calibration of Atmospheric Corrosion Test Chambers by Change in Mass of Copper Coupons

ASTM G44-99(2005) 在3.5%氯化钠中性溶液中用交替浸渍法的金属及合金暴露的标准实施规程

The 3.5 % NaCl alternate immersion procedure is a general, all-purpose procedure that produces valid comparisons for most metals, particularly when specimens are exposed at high levels of applied stress or stress intensity. While the alternate immersion test is an accelerated test and is considered to be representative of certain natural conditions, it is not intended to predict performance in specialized chemical environments in which a different mode of cracking may be operative. For example, it does not predict the performance of aluminum alloys in highly acidic environments such as heated inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA). For such cases, the results of the alternate immersion test are of doubtful significance until a relationship has been established between it and anticipated service environments. While this practice is applicable in some degree to all metals, it is not equally discriminative of all alloys, even within the same metal system. Consequently, information should be established to allow comparisons of performances of the alloy of interest in the alternate immersion test and in natural environments. Note 28212;The alternate immersion concept can be useful for exposure of corrosion specimens in other solutions because the procedure and apparatus provide a controlled set of conditions. Details of this are beyond the scope of this practice.1.1 This practice covers procedures for making alternate immersion stress corrosion tests in 3.5 % sodium chloride (NaCl) (). It is primarily for tests of aluminum alloys (Test Method G 47) and ferrous alloys, but may be used for other metals exhibiting susceptibility to chloride ions. It sets forth the environmental conditions of the test and the means for controlling them.Note 1Alternate immersion stress corrosion exposures are sometimes made in substitute ocean water (without heavy metals) prepared in accordance with Specification D 1141. The general requirements of this present practice are also applicable to such exposures except that the reagents used, the solution concentration, and the solution pH should be as specified in Specification D 1141.1.2 This practice can be used for both stressed and unstressed corrosion specimens. Historically, it has been used for stress-corrosion cracking testing, but is often used for other forms of corrosion, such as uniform, pitting, intergranular, and galvanic.1.3 This practice is intended for alloy development and for applications where the alternate immersion test is to serve as a control test on the quality of successive lots of the same material. Therefore, strict test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that variations in results are attributable to variations in the material being tested.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution

ASTM G33-99(2010) 金属镀层钢样品对大气腐蚀检测数据的记录的标准实施规程

Use of this practice will maximize the benefits to be gained from atmospheric testing of metallic-coated steel. It will also aid in comparing results from one location to another where similar tests have been conducted.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for recording data of atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens. Its objective is the assurance of (1) complete identification of materials before testing, (2) objective reporting of material appearance during visual inspections, and (3) adequate photographic, micrographic, and chemical laboratory examinations at specific stages of deterioration, and at the end of the tests. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens

ASTM G44-99 在3.5%氯化钠中性溶液中用交替浸渍法的金属及合金暴露的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for making alternate immersion stress corrosion tests in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) (Note 1). It is primarily for tests of aluminum alloys (Test Method G47) and ferrous alloys, but may be used for other metals. It sets forth the environmental conditions of the test and the means for controlling them. Note 1-Alternate immersion stress corrosion exposures are sometimes made in substitute ocean water (without heavy metals) prepared in accordance with Specification D1141. The general requirements of this present practice are also applicable to such exposures except that the reagents used, the solution concentration, and the solution pH should be as specified in Specification D1141. 1.2 This practice applies only to tests in which the specimens are accessible to the surrounding air under conditions that permit drying. It does not cover tests in which specimens are placed in closed containers into which the solution is periodically pumped and the specimens not permitted to dry. 1.3 This practice is intended for alloy development and for applications where the alternate immersion test is to serve as a control test on the quality of successive lots of the same material. Therefore, strict test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that variations in results are attributable to variations in the material being tested. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution

ASTM G48-99A 用氯化铁溶液测定不锈钢及有关合金耐斑点腐蚀及裂隙腐蚀的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to pitting and crevice corrosion (see Terminology G 15) when exposed to oxidizing chloride environments. Four procedures are described and identified as Methods A, B, C, and D. 1.1.1 Method A- Ferric chloride pitting test. 1.1.2 Method B- Ferric chloride crevice test. 1.1.3 Method C- Critical pitting temperature test. 1.1.4 Method D- Critical crevice temperature test. 1.2 Method A is designed to determine the relative pitting resistance of stainless steels and nickel-base, chromium-bearing alloys, whereas Method B can be used for determining both the pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of these alloys. Methods C and D allow for a ranking of alloys by minimum (critical) temperature to cause initiation of pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion, respectively, of stainless steels and nickel-base, chromium-bearing alloys in a standard ferritic chloride solution. 1.3 These tests may be used to determine the effects of alloying additives, heat treatment, and surface finishes on pitting and crevice corrosion resistance. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are given in parentheses for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution