77.060 (Corrosion of metals) 标准查询与下载

ASTM G33-99(2004) 金属镀层钢样品对大气腐蚀检测数据的记录的标准操作规程

Use of this practice will maximize the benefits to be gained from atmospheric testing of metallic-coated steel. It will also aid in comparing results from one location to another where similar tests have been conducted.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for recording data of atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens. Its objective is the assurance of (1) complete identification of materials before testing, (2) objective reporting of material appearance during visual inspections, and ( 3) adequate photographic, micrographic, and chemical laboratory examinations at specific stages of deterioration, and at the end of the tests.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens

ASTM G116-99(2010) 进行大气电流腐蚀用绕线螺栓试验的标准实施规程

The small size of the wire compared to the short galvanic interaction distance in atmospheric exposures gives a large cathode-to-anode area ratio which accelerates the galvanic attack. The area between the wire and the threads creates a long, tight crevice, also accelerating the corrosion. For these reasons, this practice, with a typical exposure period of 90 days, is the most rapid atmospheric galvanic corrosion test, particularly compared to Test Method . The short duration of this test means that seasonal atmospheric variability can be evaluated. (If average performance over a 1-year period is desired, several staggered exposures are required with this technique.) Reproducibility of this practice is somewhat better than other atmospheric galvanic corrosion tests. The major disadvantage of this test is that the anode material must be available in wire form and the cathodic material must be available in the form of a threaded rod. This should be compared to Test Method where plate or sheet material is used exclusively. An additional limitation is that the more anodic material of the pair must be known beforehand (from information such as in Guide G82) or assemblies must be made with the material combinations reversed. The morphology of the corrosion attack or its effect on mechanical properties of the base materials cannot be assessed by this practice. Test Method is preferable for this purpose. This test has been used under the names CLIMAT and ATCORR to determine atmospheric corrosivity by exposing identical specimens made from 1100 aluminum (UNS A91100) wire wrapped around threaded rods of nylon, 1010 mild steel (UNS G10100 or G10080), and CA110 copper (UNS C11000). Atmospheric corrosivity is a function of the material that is corroding, however. The relative corrosivity of atmospheres could be quite different if a different combination of materials is chosen.1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of atmospheric galvanic corrosion of any anodic material that can be made into a wire when in contact with a cathodic material that can be made into a threaded rod. 1.2 When certain materials are used for the anode and cathode, this practice has been used to rate the corrosivity of atmospheres. 1.3 The wire-on-bolt test was first described in 1955 (1), and has since been used extensively with standard materials to determine corrosivity of atmospheres under the names CLIMAT Test (CLassify Industrial and Marine ATmospheres) (2-5) and ATCORR (ATmospheric CORRosivity) (6-9). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmospheric Galvanic Corrosion

ASTM G33-99 金属镀层钢样品对大气腐蚀检测数据的记录的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice outlines a procedure for recording data of atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens. Its objective is the assurance of (1) complete identification of materials before testing, (2) objective reporting of material appearance during visual inspections, and (3) adequate photographic, micrographic, and chemical laboratory examinations at specific stages of deterioration, and at the end of the tests. 1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens

ASTM G44-99(2013) 通过在3.5%氯化钠中性溶液中交替浸泡的金属及合金暴露的标准实施规程

4.1 The 3.58201;% NaCl alternate immersion procedure is a general, all-purpose procedure that produces valid comparisons for most metals, particularly when specimens are exposed at high levels of applied stress or stress intensity. 4.2 While the alternate immersion test is an accelerated test and is considered to be representative of certain natural conditions, it is not intended to predict performance in specialized chemical environments in which a different mode of cracking may be operative. For example, it does not predict the performance of aluminum alloys in highly acidic environments such as heated inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA). For such cases, the results of the alternate immersion test are of doubtful significance until a relationship has been established between it and anticipated service environments. 4.3 While this practice is applicable in some degree to all metals, it is not equally discriminative of all alloys, even within the same metal system. Consequently, information should be established to allow comparisons of performances of the alloy of interest in the alternate immersion test and in natural environments. Note 2—The alternate immersion concept can be useful for exposure of corrosion specimens in other solutions because the procedure and apparatus provide a controlled set of conditions. Details of this are beyond the scope of this practice. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for making alternate immersion stress corrosion tests in 3.58201;% sodium chloride (NaCl) (Note 1). It is primarily for tests of aluminum alloys (Test Method G47) and ferrous alloys, but may be used for other metals exhibiting susceptibility to chloride ions. It sets forth the environmental conditions of the test and the means for controlling them. Note 1—Alternate immersion stress corrosion exposures are sometimes made in substitute ocean water (without heavy metals) prepared in accordance with Specification D1141. The general requirements of this present practice are also applicable to such exposures except that the reagents used, the solution concentration, and the solution pH should be as specified in Specification D1141. 1.2 This practice can be used for both stressed and unstressed corrosion specimens. Historically, it has been used for stress-corrosion cracking testing, but is often used for other forms of corrosion, such as uniform, pitting, intergranular, and galvanic. 1.3 This practice is intended for alloy development and for applications where the alternate immersion test is to serve as a control test on the quality of successive lots of the same material. Therefore, strict test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that variations in results are attributable to variations in the material being tested.

Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5?% Sodium Chloride Solution

ASTM G32-98 使用振动装置对气蚀的试验方法

1.1 This test method produces cavitation damage on the face of a specimen vibrated at high frequency while immersed in a liquid. The vibration induces the formation and collapse of cavities in the liquid, and the collapsing cavities produce the damage to and erosion (material loss) of the specimen. 1.2 Although the mechanism for generating fluid cavitation in this method differs from that occurring in flowing systems and hydraulic machines (see 5.1), the nature of the material damage mechanism is believed to be basically similar. The method therefore offers a small-scale, relatively simple and controllable test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of different materials, to study in detail the nature and progress of damage in a given material, or-by varying some of the test conditions-to study the effect of test variables on the damage produced. 1.3 This test method specifies standard test conditions covering the diameter, vibratory amplitude and frequency of the specimen, as well as the test liquid and its container. It permits deviations from some of these conditions if properly documented, that may be appropriate for some purposes. It gives guidance on setting up a suitable apparatus and covers test and reporting procedures and precautions to be taken. It also specifies standard reference materials that must be used to verify the operation of the facility and to define the normalized erosion resistance of other test materials. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautionary information, see Notes 2, 4, 5, and 6.

Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus

ASTM G87-98 潮湿二氧化硫(SO2)的试验

1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure to be used in conducting qualitative assessment tests in accordance with the requirements of material or product specifications by means of specimen exposure to condensed moisture containing sulfur dioxide. 1.2 The exposure conditions may be varied to suit particular requirements and this practice includes provisions for use of different concentrations of sulfur dioxide and for tests either running continuously or in cycles of alternate exposure to the sulfur dioxide containing atmosphere and to the ambient atmosphere. 1.3 The variant of the test to be used, the exposure period required, the type of test specimen, and the criteria of failure are not prescribed by this practice. Such details are provided in appropriate material and product purchase specifications. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound values in parentheses may be approximate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 7.3.1.

Standard Practice for Conducting Moist SO₂ Tests

ASTM G82-98(2009) 预测电流腐蚀特性用电流系列的制定和使用的标准指南

When two dissimilar metals in electrical contact are exposed to a common electrolyte, one of the metals can undergo increased corrosion while the other can show decreased corrosion. This type of accelerated corrosion is referred to as galvanic corrosion. Because galvanic corrosion can occur at a high rate, it is important that a means be available to alert the user of products or equipment that involve the use of dissimilar metal combinations in an electrolyte of the possible effects of galvanic corrosion. One method that is used to predict the effects of galvanic corrosion is to develop a galvanic series by arranging a list of the materials of interest in order of observed corrosion potentials in the environment and conditions of interest. The metal that will suffer increased corrosion in a galvanic couple in that environment can then be predicted from the relative position of the two metals in the series. Types of Galvanic Series: Oe type of Galvanic Series lists the metals of interest in order of their corrosion potentials, starting with the most active (electronegative) and proceeding in order to the most noble (electropositive). The potentials themselves (versus an appropriate reference half-cell) are listed so that the potential difference between metals in the series can be determined. This type of Galvanic Series has been put in graphical form as a series of bars displaying the range of potentials exhibited by the metal listed opposite each bar. Such a series is illustrated in Fig. 1. The second type of galvanic series is similar to the first in that it lists the metals of interest in order of their corrosion potentials. The actual potentials themselves are not specified, however. Thus, only the relative position of materials in the series is known and not the magnitude of their potential difference. Such a series is shown in Fig. 2. Use of a Galvanic Series: Generally, upon coupling two metals in the Galvanic Series, the more active (electronegative) metal will have a tendency to undergo increased corrosion while the more noble (electropositive) metal will have a tendency to undergo reduced corrosion. Usually, the further apart two metals are in the series, and thus the greater the potential difference between them, the greater is the driving force for galvanic corrosion. All other factors being equal, and subject to the precautions in Section 5, this increased driving force frequently, although not always, results in a greater degree of galvanic corrosion. Note8212;Dark boxes indicate active behavior of active-passive alloys. FIG. 1 Galvanic Series of Various Metals in Flowing Seawater at 2.4 to 4.0 m/s for 5 to 15 Days at 5 to 30°C (Redrawn from Original) (see Footnote 5) ACTIVE ENDMagnesium (−)Magnesium Alloys ↑Zinc brvbar;Galvanized Steel brvbar;Aluminum 1100 brvbar;Aluminum 6053 brvbar;Alclad

Standard Guide for Development and Use of a Galvanic Series for Predicting Galvanic Corrosion Performance

ASTM G85-98 改进的盐喷雾(雾化)试验

1.1 This practice sets forth conditions for five modifications in salt spray (fog) testing for specification purposes. These are in chronological order of their development: 1.1.1 Annex A1, acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous. 1.1.2 Annex A2, cyclic acidified salt spray test. 1.1.3 Annex A3, seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT). 1.1.4 Annex A4, SO 2 salt spray test, cyclic. 1.1.5 Annex A5 , dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test. 1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of modification, test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicablity of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

ASTM G111-97 高温或高压环境中或高温高压环境中的腐蚀试验

1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature. 1.2 Tests conducted under HP or HTHP by their nature have special requirements. This guide establishes the basic considerations that are necessary when these conditions must be incorporated into laboratory corrosion tests. 1.3 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions. 1.4 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or High Pressure Environment, or Both

ASTM G111-97(2013) 高温, 高压或高温高压环境下进行腐蚀试验的标准指南

5.1 HP and HTHP corrosion tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic materials under conditions that attempt to simulate service conditions that involve HP or HTHP in combination with service environments. Examples of service environments where HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been utilized include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems and aerospace propulsion. 5.2 For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure usually enter directly into the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity. 5.3 Therefore, there is a substantial need to provide standardized methods by which corrosion testing can be performed under HP and HTHP. In many cases, however, the standards used for exposure of specimens in conventional low pressure glassware experiments cannot be followed due to the limitations of access, volume and visibility arising from the construction of high pressure test cells. This guide refers to existing corrosion standards and practices as applicable and then goes further in areas where specific guidelines for performing HP and HTHP corrosion testing are needed. 1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature. 1.2 Tests conducted under HP or HTHP by their nature have special requirements. This guide establishes the basic considerations that are necessary when these conditions must be incorporated into laboratory corrosion tests. 1.3 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions. 1.4 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or High Pressure Environment, or Both

ASTM G30-97(2009) 制作和使用U形弯曲应力腐蚀的标准作法

The U-bend specimen may be used for any metal alloy sufficiently ductile to be formed into the U-shape without mechanically cracking. The specimen is most easily made from strip or sheet but can be machined from plate, bar, castings, or weldments; wire specimens may be used also. Since the U-bend usually contains large amounts of elastic and plastic strain, it provides one of the most severe tests available for smooth (as opposed to notched or precracked) stress-corrosion test specimens. The stress conditions are not usually known and a wide range of stresses exist in a single stressed specimen. The specimen is therefore unsuitable for studying the effects of different applied stresses on stress-corrosion cracking or for studying variables which have only a minor effect on cracking. The advantage of the U-bend specimen is that it is simple and economical to make and use. It is most useful for detecting large differences between the stress-corrosion cracking resistance of (a) different metals in the same environment, (b) one metal in different metallurgical conditions in the same environment, or (c) one metal in several environments.1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and using U-bend specimens for the evaluation of stress-corrosion cracking in metals. The U-bend specimen is generally a rectangular strip which is bent 180° around a predetermined radius and maintained in this constant strain condition during the stress-corrosion test. Bends slightly less than or greater than 180° are sometimes used. Typical U-bend configurations showing several different methods of maintaining the applied stress are shown in Fig. 1. 1.2 U-bend specimens usually contain both elastic and plastic strain. In some cases (for example, very thin sheet or small diameter wire) it is possible to form a U-bend and produce only elastic strain. However, bent-beam (Practice G 39 or direct tension (Practice G 49)) specimens are normally used to study stress-corrosion cracking of strip or sheet under elastic strain only. 1.3 This practice is concerned only with the test specimen and not the environmental aspects of stress-corrosion testing which are discussed elsewhere (1) and in Practices G 35, G 36, G 37, G 41, G 44, G 103 and Test Method G 123. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends

Standard Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens

ASTM G30-97(2003) 制作和使用U形弯曲应力腐蚀试样

The U-bend specimen may be used for any metal alloy sufficiently ductile to be formed into the U-shape without mechanically cracking. The specimen is most easily made from strip or sheet but can be machined from plate, bar, castings, or weldments; wire specimens may be used also. Since the U-bend usually contains large amounts of elastic and plastic strain, it provides one of the most severe tests available for smooth (as opposed to notched or precracked) stress-corrosion test specimens. The stress conditions are not usually known and a wide range of stresses exist in a single stressed specimen. The specimen is therefore unsuitable for studying the effects of different applied stresses on stress-corrosion cracking or for studying variables which have only a minor effect on cracking. The advantage of the U-bend specimen is that it is simple and economical to make and use. It is most useful for detecting large differences between the stress-corrosion cracking resistance of (a) different metals in the same environment, (b) one metal in different metallurgical conditions in the same environment, or (c) one metal in several environments.1.1 This practice describes procedures for making and using U-bend specimens for the evaluation of stress-corrosion cracking in metals. The U-bend specimen is generally a rectangular strip which is bent 180176; around a predetermined radius and maintained in this constant strain condition during the stress-corrosion test. Bends slightly less than or greater than 180176; are sometimes used. Typical U-bend configurations showing several different methods of maintaining the applied stress are shown in Fig. 1.1.2 U-bend specimens usually contain both elastic and plastic strain. In some cases (for example, very thin sheet or small diameter wire) it is possible to form a U-bend and produce only elastic strain. However, bent-beam (Practice G 39 or direct tension (Practice G 49)) specimens are normally used to study stress-corrosion cracking of strip or sheet under elastic strain only.1.3 This practice is concerned only with the test specimen and not the environmental aspects of stress-corrosion testing which are discussed elsewhere (1), in Practices G 35, G 36, G 37, G 41, G 44, G 103 and Test Method G 123.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazard information see Section 10.)

Standard Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens

ASTM B380-97(2008)e1 装饰电镀层的涂膏密室耐腐蚀试验的标准试验方法

Nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium electrodeposited coatings are widely used for decorative and protective applications. The Corrodkote test provides a method of controlling the quality of electroplated articles and is suitable for manufacturing control, as well as research and development.1.1 This test method covers the Corrodkote method of evaluating the corrosion performance of copper/nickel/chromium and nickel/chromium coatings electrodeposited on steel, zinc alloys, aluminum alloys, plastics and other substrates. Note 18212;The following ASTM standards are not requirements. They are reference for information only: Practice B 537, Specification B 456, Test Method B 602, and Specification B 604. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure

ASTM B808-97 用石英晶体微量天平监测室内大气腐蚀的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method monitors the reactivity of a gaseous test environment in which metal surfaces (that is, electrical contacts) and other materials subject to pollutant gas attack, undergo accelerated atmospheric corrosion testing. This test method is applicable to adherent corrosion films whose total corrosion film thickness ranges from a few atomic monolayers to approximately a micrometer. 1.2 The test method provides a dynamic, continuous, in situ, procedure for monitoring the corrosion rate in corrosion chambers; the uniformity of corrosion chambers; and the corrosion rate on different surfaces. Response time of the order of seconds is possible. 1.3 With the proper samples, the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) test method can also be used to monitor the weight loss from a surface due to the desorption of surface species (that is, reduction of an oxide in a reducing atmosphere). (Alternative names for QCM are quartz crystal oscillator, piezoelectric crystal oscillator, or thin film evaporation monitor.) 1.4 This test method is not sufficient to specify the corrosion process which may be occurring in a chamber, since a variety of pollutant gases and environments may cause similar weight gains. 1.5 This test method is generally not applicable to test environments where solid or liquid particles are deposited on the surface of the quartz crystal. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Monitoring of Atmospheric Corrosion Chambers by Quartz Crystal Microbalances

ASTM B826-97 用电阻探头监测大气腐蚀试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides a means for monitoring corrosivity of environmental tests that involve exposure to corrosive gases. 1.2 This test method employs a resistance monitor (RM) probe fabricated from a chosen metal conductor, with one conductor segment uncovered to permit exposure of the chosen metal conductor to the corrosive gas mixture and the second conductor segment covered to insulate the metal conductor of this segment from exposure to the corrosive gas mixture. The covered conductor segment provides a reference for evaluating changes in the uncovered segment. The ratio of the resistance of the exposed segment to that of the covered segment provides a measure of the amount of metal conductor which has reacted with the corrosive gas test environment to form poorly conducting corrosion product, thus providing a measure of test corrosivity. 1.3 Resistance monitoring is applicable to a broad range of test conditions by selection of the appropriate metal conductor and initial resistance value. 1.4 This method is similar in intent to Test Methods B808. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Monitoring Atmospheric Corrosion Tests by Electrical Resistance Probes

ASTM B808-97(2003) 用石英晶体微量天平监测室内大气腐蚀的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method monitors the reactivity of a gaseous test environment in which metal surfaces (that is, electrical contacts) and other materials subject to pollutant gas attack, undergo accelerated atmospheric corrosion testing. This test method is applicable to adherent corrosion films whose total corrosion film thickness ranges from a few atomic monolayers to approximately a micrometer. 1.2 The test method provides a dynamic, continuous, in situ, procedure for monitoring the corrosion rate in corrosion chambers; the uniformity of corrosion chambers; and the corrosion rate on different surfaces. Response time of the order of seconds is possible. 1.3 With the proper samples, the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) test method can also be used to monitor the weight loss from a surface due to the desorption of surface species (that is, reduction of an oxide in a reducing atmosphere). (Alternative names for QCM are quartz crystal oscillator, piezoelectric crystal oscillator, or thin film evaporation monitor.) 1.4 This test method is not sufficient to specify the corrosion process which may be occurring in a chamber, since a variety of pollutant gases and environments may cause similar weight gains. 1.5 This test method is generally not applicable to test environments where solid or liquid particles are deposited on the surface of the quartz crystal. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Monitoring of Atmospheric Corrosion Chambers by Quartz Crystal Microbalances

ASTM G101-97 低合金钢耐大气腐蚀性评估的标准指南

1.1 This guide presents two methods for estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy weathering steels, such as those described in Specifications A242/A242M, A588/A588M, A606 Type 4, A709/A709M grades 50W, HPS 70W, and 100W, A852/A852M, and A871/A871M. One method gives an estimate of the long-term thickness loss of a steel at a specific site based on results of short-term tests. The other gives an estimate of relative corrosion resistance based on chemical composition.

Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels

ASTM G111-97(2006) 高温或高压环境中或高温高压环境中的腐蚀试验

HP and HTHP corrosion tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic materials under conditions that attempt to simulate service conditions that involve HP or HTHP in combination with service environments. Examples of service environments where HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been utilized include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems and aerospace propulsion. For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure usually enter directly into the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity. Therefore, there is a substantial need to provide standardized methods by which corrosion testing can be performed under HP and HTHP. In many cases, however, the standards used for exposure of specimens in conventional low pressure glassware experiments cannot be followed due to the limitations of access, volume and visibility arising from the construction of high pressure test cells. This guide refers to existing corrosion standards and practices as applicable and then goes further in areas where specific guidelines for performing HP and HTHP corrosion testing are needed.1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See for definitions of high pressure and temperature.1.2 Tests conducted under HP or HTHP by their nature have special requirements. This guide establishes the basic considerations that are necessary when these conditions must be incorporated into laboratory corrosion tests.1.3 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions.1.4 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informaiton only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or High Pressure Environment, or Both

ASTM B368-97(2003)e1 铜加速的醋酸腐蚀盐喷雾试验(CASS试验)的标准试验方法

The CASS test is widely employed and is useful for specification acceptance, simulated service evaluation, manufacturing control, and research and development. It was developed specifically for use with decorative, electrodeposited nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium coatings. Use of the test has improved the quality of electroplated parts and led to the development of new and superior electroplating processes.1.1 This method prescribes the conditions required in copper-accelerated acetic acid-salt spray (CASS) testing for specification purposes. The standard does not specify the type of test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.1.2 This method is applicable to evaluating the corrosive performance of decorative copper/nickel/chromium or nickel/chromium coatings on steel, zinc alloys, aluminum alloys, and plastics designed for severe service. It is also applicable to the testing of anodized aluminum. The suitability of this test and correlation of results with service experience should be determined before it is specified for coating systems or materials other than those mentioned in this paragraph.Note 18212;The following standards are not requirements. They are referenced for information only: Practices B 537 and E 50, Specifications B 456 and B 604, and Test Method B 602.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautionary information see 8.1.

Standard Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)

ASTM G4-95 用现场设备进行腐蚀试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers procedures for conducting corrosion tests in plant equipment or systems under operating conditions to evaluate the corrosion resistance of engineering materials. It does not cover electrochemical methods for determining corrosion rates.1.1.1 While intended primarily for immersion tests, general guidelines provided can be applicable for exposure of test specimens in plant atmospheres, provided that placement and orientation of the test specimens is non-restrictive to air circulation.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also 10.4.2.

Standard Guide for Conducting Corrosion Coupon Tests in Field Applications