77.140.20 (Steels of high quality) 标准查询与下载

ASTM A1022/A1022M-15 混凝土钢筋用变形和普通不锈钢丝和焊接丝的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled stainless steel rod. The stainless steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed) or deformed or a combination of deformed and plain. It is used as concrete reinforcement for applications requiring resistance to corrosion or controlled magnetic permeability, or both. Common wire sizes and dimensions are found in this specification. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables. 1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided and shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. In order to obtain a corrosion tested or controlled magnetic permeability product, steel conforming to Supplementary Requirement S1 should be ordered. 1.3 The chemical composition of the steel (stainless grade) shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Use Specification A276 for chemical requirements. The UNS designations are to be included with the type number and noted in brackets, that is, austenitic stainless steels as Type 304 [S30400], 304L [S30403], 316 [S31600], 316L [S31603], 316N [S31651], 316LN [S31653] and duplex stainless steels, Types 2205 [S32205] and 329 [S32900]. Note 1: Only austenitic and duplex stainless steels are usually recommended for use as reinforcement in concrete because of their high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have good general corrosion resistance, strength characteristics which can be improved by cold working, good toughness and ductility properties at low temperatures, and low magnetic permeability. Duplex stainless steels have generally a corrosion resistance greater than that of most austenitic steels and are magnetic. Other stainless steels with different chemical compositions than the series and types mentioned above, may be used for less restrictive applications. 1.4 Wire for welded wire reinforcement is generally manufactured at 75 ksi [520 MPa] yield strength level. Other strength levels shall be by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer. Note 2: The term used to refer to yield strength levels are the same as those in ASTM Standards for welded wire reinforcement. 1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A484/A484M-14a 不锈钢棒材, 钢坯和锻件通用要求的标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications: A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M. 1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent. 1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1. 1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M. 1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings

ASTM A1089/A1089M-14 高负荷耐磨轴承钢的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers bars, billets, and blooms of bearing-quality steel to be used in the manufacture of highly loaded anti-friction bearings. 1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

Standard Specification for Highly Loaded Anti-Friction Bearing Steel

ASTM A1016/A1016M-14 铁素体合金钢管、奥氏体合金钢管和不锈钢管通用要求的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted below. Title of Specification ASTM DesignationA     Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and 8199;Superheater Tubes A209/A209M Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, 8199;and Heat-Exchanger Tubes A213/A213M Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, 8199;and Condenser Tubes A249/A249M Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and 8199;Superheater Tubes A250/A250M Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel 8199;Tubing for General Service A268/A268M Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for 8199;General Service A269 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing A270 Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for 8199;Low-Temperature Service A334/A334M Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes A668/A668M Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for Breeder Reactor Core 8199;Components A771/A771M Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing 8199;for General Service A789/A789M Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes

ASTM A484/A484M-14 不锈钢棒材、坯锭以及锻件的通用要求标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications: A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M. 1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent. 1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1. 1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M. 1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings

ASTM A262-14 奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性检测的标准实施规程

6.1 Use of the etch test allows rapid acceptance of specific lots of material without the need to perform time-consuming and costly hot acid immersion tests on those lots. 1.1 These practices cover the following five tests: 1.1.1 Practice A—Oxalic Acid Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 4 to 13, inclusive), 1.1.2 Practice B—Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 14 to 25, inclusive), 1.1.3 Practice C—Nitric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 26 to 36, inclusive), 1.1.4 Practice E—Copper–Copper Sulfate–Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 37 to 46, inclusive), and 1.1.5 Practice F—Copper–Copper Sulfate–508201;% Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Molybdenum-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 47 to 58, inclusive). 1.2 The oxalic acid etch test is a rapid method of identifying, by simple etching, those specimens of certain stainless steel grades that are essentially free of susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with chromium carbide precipitates. These specimens will have low corrosion rates in certain corrosion tests and therefore can be eliminated (screened) from testing as “acceptable.” The etch test is applicable only to those grades listed in the individual hot acid tests and classifies the specimens either as “acceptable” or as “suspect.” 1.3 The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, the copper–copper sulfate–508201;% sulfuric acid test, and the nitric acid test are based on weight loss determinations and, thus, provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of specimens evaluated. In contrast, the copper–copper sulfate–168201;% sulfuric acid test is based on visual examination of bend specimens and, therefore, classifies the specimens only as acceptable or nonacceptable. 1.4 The presence or absence of intergranular attack in these tests is not necessarily a measure of the performance of the material in other corrosive environments. These tests do not provide a basis for predicting resistance to forms of corrosion other ......

Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

ASTM A1022/A1022M-14 用于混凝土加固的变形和未变形的不锈钢钢筋和焊接钢筋的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled stainless steel rod. The stainless steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed) or deformed or a combination of deformed and plain. It is used as concrete reinforcement for applications requiring resistance to corrosion or controlled magnetic permeability, or both. Common wire sizes and dimensions are found in this specification. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables. 1.2 Supplement S1 describes high strength wire, which shall be furnished when specifically ordered. It shall be permissible to furnish high strength wire in place of regular wire if mutually agreed to by the purchaser and supplier. 1.2.1 A supplementary requirement (S2) of an optional nature is provided. It shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. In order to obtain a corrosion tested or controlled magnetic permeability product, steel conforming to Supplementary Requirement S2 should be ordered. 1.3 The chemical composition of the steel (stainless grade) shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Use Specification A276 for chemical requirements. The UNS designations are to be included with the type number and noted in brackets, that is, austenitic stainless steels as Type 304 [S30400], 304L [S30403], 316 [S31600], 316L [S31603], 316N [S31651], 316LN [S31653] and duplex stainless steels, Types 2205 [S32205] and 329 [S32900]. Note 1: Only austenitic and duplex stainless steels are usually recommended for use as reinforcement in concrete because of their high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have good general corrosion resistance, strength characteristics which can be improved by cold working, good toughness and ductility properties at low temperatures, and low magnetic permeability. Duplex stainless steels have generally a corrosion resistance greater than that of most austenitic steels and are magnetic. Other stainless steels with different chemical compositions than the series and types mentioned above, may be used for less restrictive applications. 1.4 Wire for welded wire reinforcement is generally manufactured at 75 ksi [520 MPa] yield strength level. Other strength levels shall be by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer. Note 2: The term used to refer to yield strength levels are the same as those in ASTM Standards for welded wire reinforcement. 1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A965/A965M-14 压力和高温零件用奥氏体钢锻件的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and associated equipment. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In addition, supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when appropriate. 1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings that were a part of Specification A336/A336M. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts

ASTM A774/A774M-13 低温和中等温度条件下的一般腐蚀性服务用焊接锻造奥氏体不锈钢配件标准规格

1.1 This specification covers five grades of as-welded, wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings for low-pressure piping and intended for low and moderate temperatures and general corrosive service. Users should note that certain corrosive conditions may restrict the use of one or more grades. For applications requiring a product that requires heat treatment or full pressure rating, refer to Specification A403/A403M. The term “fittings” applies to butt and socket welding parts such as 45° and 90° elbows, tees, reducers, wyes, laterals, crosses, and stub ends. 1.2 This specification covers as-welded fittings 3 through 48 in. [75 through 1225 mm] in outside diameter and in nominal wall thicknesses 0.062 through 0.500 in. [1.6 through 12.7 mm]. Table 1 and Table 2 list the common diameters and nominal thicknesses of fittings in this specification. TABLE 1 Common Tubular Fittings Sizes, Outside DiameterA in. [mm] in. [mm]  3 [76] 123/4 [325]    31/2 [90] 14 [355]  4 [100] 16 [405]  41/2 [115] 18 [460]  6 [150] 20 [510]  65/8 [170]

Standard Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures

ASTM A1016/A1016M-13 铁素体合金钢管、奥氏体合金钢管和不锈钢管通用要求的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted below. Title of Specification ASTM DesignationA     Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and 8199;Superheater Tubes A209/A209M Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, 8199;and Heat-Exchanger Tubes A213/A213M Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, 8199;and Condenser Tubes A249/A249M Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and 8199;Superheater Tubes A250/A250M Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel 8199;Tubing for General Service A268/A268M Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for 8199;General Service A269 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing A270 Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for 8199;Low-Temperature Service A334/A......

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes

ASTM A262-13 探测奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感度的标准操作规程

1.1 These practices cover the following five tests: 1.1.1 Practice A—Oxalic Acid Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 3 to 7, inclusive), 1.1.2 Practice B—Ferric Sulfate–Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 8 to 14, inclusive), 1.1.3 Practice C—Nitric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 15 to 21, inclusive), 1.1.4 Practice E—Copper–Copper Sulfate–Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 22 to 31, inclusive), and 1.1.5 Practice F—Copper–Copper Sulfate–508201;% Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Molybdenum-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 32 to 38, inclusive). 1.2 The oxalic acid etch test is a rapid method of identifying, by simple etching, those specimens of certain stainless steel grades that are essentially free of susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with chromium carbide precipitates. These specimens will have low corrosion rates in certain corrosion tests and therefore can be eliminated (screened) from testing as “acceptable.” The etch test is applicable only to those grades listed in the individual hot acid tests and classifies the specimens either as “acceptable” or as “suspect.” 1.3 The ferric sulfate–sulfuric acid test, the copper–copper sulfate–508201;% sulfuric acid test, and the nitric acid test are based on weight loss determinations and, thus, provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of specimens evaluated. In contrast, the copper–copper sulfate–168201;% sulfuric acid test is based on visual examination of bend specimens and, therefore, classifies the specimens only as acceptable or nonacceptable. Note 1—See Appendix X1 for information regarding test selection. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents a......

Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

ASTM G150-13 不锈钢电化学临界点蚀温度测试的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides a prediction of the resistance to stable propagating pitting corrosion of stainless steels and related alloys in a standard medium (see Note 1). The CPT test can be used for product acceptance, alloy development studies, and manufacturing control. In the case of product acceptance, the supplier and user must agree upon the preconditioning of the specimen with regard to surface finish. The test is not intended for design purposes since the test conditions accelerate corrosion in a manner that does not simulate any actual service environment. 5.2 Another method to determine the potential independent CPT with an electrochemical technique has been discussed in the literature (1-4). This test method involves a potentiodynamic (potential sweep) procedure performed on specimens at different temperatures. A comparison (2) of the test method described in this test method and the potentiodynamic technique has indicated no difference in the test result obtained. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the evaluation of the resistance of stainless steel and related alloys to pitting corrosion based on the concept of the determination of a potential independent critical pitting temperature (CPT). 1.2 This test methods applies to wrought and cast products including but not restricted to plate, sheet, tubing, bar, forgings, and welds, (see Note 1).Note 1—Examples of CPT measurements on sheet, plate, tubing, and welded specimens for various stainless steels can be found in Ref (1).2 See the research reports (Section 14). 1.3 The standard parameters recommended in this test method are suitable for characterizing the CPT of austenitic stainless steels and other related alloys with a corrosion resistance ranging from that corresponding to solution annealed UNS S31600 (Type 316 stainless steel) to solution annealed UNS S31254 (6 % Mo stainless steel). 1.4 This test method may be extended to stainless steels and other alloys related to stainless steel that have a CPT outside the measurement range given by the standard parameters described in this test method. Appropriate test potential and solution must then be determined. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of th......

Standard Test Method for Electrochemical Critical Pitting Temperature Testing of Stainless Steels

ASTM A484/A484M-13 不锈钢棒材、坯锭以及锻件的通用要求标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications: A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M. 1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent. 1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1. 1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M. 1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 Unless the order s......

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings

ASTM A484/A484M-13a 不锈钢棒材、坯锭以及锻件的通用要求标准规格

1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications: A276, A314, A458, A473, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M. 1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent. 1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1. 1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M. 1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 Unless the order s......

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings

ASTM A965/A965M-13 压力和高温零件用奥氏体钢锻件的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and associated equipment. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In addition, supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when appropriate. 1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings that were a part of Specification A336/A336M. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts

ASTM A380/A380M-13 不锈钢零件、设备及系统的清洗和除垢的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers recommendations and precautions for cleaning, descaling, and passivating of new stainless steel parts, assemblies, equipment, and installed systems. These recommendations are presented as procedures for guidance when it is recognized that for a particular service it is desired to remove surface contaminants that may impair the normal corrosion resistance, or result in the later contamination of the particular stainless steel grade, or cause product contamination. The selection of procedures from this practice to be applied to the parts may be specified upon agreement between the supplier and the purchaser. For certain exceptional applications, additional requirements which are not covered by this practice may be specified upon agreement between the supplier and the purchaser. Although they apply primarily to materials in the composition ranges of the austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steels, the practices described may also be useful for cleaning other metals if due consideration is given to corrosion and possible metallurgical effects. 1.1.1 The term passivation is commonly applied to several distinctly different operations or processes relating to stainless steels. In order to avoid ambiguity in the setting of requirements, it may be necessary for the purchaser to define precisely the intended meaning of passivation. Some of the various meanings associated with the term passivation that are in common usage include the following: 1.1.1.1 Passivation is the process by which a stainless steel will spontaneously form a chemically inactive surface when exposed to air or other oxygen-containing environments. It was at one time considered that an oxidizing treatment was necessary to establish this passive film, but it is now accepted that this film will form spontaneously in an oxygen-containing environment providing that the surface has been thoroughly cleaned or descaled. 1.1.1.2 Passivation is removal of exogenous iron or iron compounds from the surface of a stainless steel by means of a chemical dissolution, most typically by a treatment with an acid solution that will remove the surface contamination but will not significantly affect the stainless steel itself. This process is described in a general way in 6.2.11 and defined precisely in 6.4 with further reference to the requirements of Annex A2 and Part II of the table on acid cleaning of steel. Unless otherwise specified, it is this definition of passivation that is taken as the meaning of a specified requirement for passivation. 1.1.1.3 Passivation is the chemical treatment of a stainless steel with a mild oxidant, such as a nitric acid solution, for the purpose of enhancing the spontaneous formation of the protective passive film. Such chemical treatment is generally not necessary for the formation of the passive film. 1.1.1.4 Passivation does not indicate the separate process of descaling as described in Section 5, although descaling may be necessary before passivation can be effective. 1.2 This practice does not cover decontamination or clean......

Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems

ASTM A1022/A1022M-13 混凝土加筋用刻痕和普通不锈钢丝和焊接钢丝的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled stainless steel rod. The stainless steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed) or deformed or a combination of deformed and plain. It is used as concrete reinforcement for applications requiring resistance to corrosion or controlled magnetic permeability, or both. Common wire sizes and dimensions are found in this specification. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables. 1.2 Supplement S1 describes high strength wire, which shall be furnished when specifically ordered. It shall be permissible to furnish high strength wire in place of regular wire if mutually agreed to by the purchaser and supplier. 1.2.1 A supplementary requirement (S2) of an optional nature is provided. It shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. In order to obtain a corrosion tested or controlled magnetic permeability product, steel conforming to Supplementary Requirement S2 should be ordered. 1.3 The chemical composition of the steel (stainless grade) shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Use Specification A276 for chemical requirements. The UNS designations are to be included with the type number and noted in brackets, i.e. austenitic stainless steels as Type 304 [S30400], 304L [S30403], 316 [S31600], 316L [S31603], 316N [S31651], 316LN [S31653] and duplex stainless steels, Types 2205 [S32205] and 329 [S32900].Note 1—Only austenitic and duplex stainless steels are usually recommended for use as reinforcement in concrete because of their high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have good general corrosion resistance, strength characteristics which can be improved by cold working, good toughness and ductility properties at low temperatures, and low magnetic permeability. Duplex stainless steels have generally a corrosion resistance greater than that of most austenitic steels and are magnetic. Other stainless steels with different chemical compositions than the series and types mentioned above, may be used for less restrictive applications. 1.4 Wire for welded wire reinforcement is generally manufactured at 520 MPa [75 ksi] yield strength level. Other strength levels shall be by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.Note 2—The term used to refer to yield strength levels are the same as those in ASTM Standards for welded wire reinforcement. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A967/A967M-13 不锈钢零件化学钝化处理的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers several different types of chemical passivation treatments for stainless steel parts. It includes recommendations and precautions for descaling, cleaning, and passivation of stainless steel parts. It includes several alternative tests, with acceptance criteria, for confirmation of effectiveness of such treatments for stainless steel parts. 1.2 Practices for the mechanical and chemical treatments of stainless steel surfaces are discussed more thoroughly in Practice A380. 1.3 Several alternative chemical treatments are defined for passivation of stainless steel parts. Appendix X1 gives some nonmandatory information and provides some general guidelines regarding the selection of passivation treatment appropriate to particular grades of stainless steel. It makes no recommendations regarding the suitability of any grade, treatment, or acceptance criteria for any particular application or class of applications. 1.4 The tests in this specification are intended to confirm the effectiveness of passivation, particularly with regard to the removal of free iron and other exogenous matter. These tests include the following practices: 1.4.1 Practice A—Water Immersion Test, 1.4.2 Practice B—High Humidity Test, 1.4.3 Practice C—Salt Spray Test, 1.4.4 Practice D—Copper Sulfate Test, 1.4.5 Practice E—Potassium Ferricyanide–Nitric Acid Test, and 1.4.6 Practice F—Damp Cloth Test.Note 1—Free iron denotes iron present on the surface of the parts, including but not limited to iron contamination, iron-tool marks, residual-iron salts from pickling solutions, iron dust, atmospheric exposure, iron deposits in welds, embedded iron and iron oxide. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Section 14 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts

ASTM E572-13 用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法分析不锈钢和合金钢的标准试验方法

5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed. 5.2 It is expected that this standard will be employed by analysts knowledgeable in the field of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and experienced in the use of the apparatus specified in this standard. 1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements: Element Range, Mass Fraction % Chromium 1 to 25 Cobalt 0.05 to 0.45 Copper 0.06 to 3.5 Manganese 0.3 to 5.5 Molybdenum 0.05 to 3.5 Nickel 0.7 to 35 Niobium 0.06 to 1.3 Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.03 Silicon 0.2 to 2 Sulfur 0.02 to 0.35 Titanium 0.013 to 0.5 Vanadium 0.04 to 0.25 Note 1—Mass fraction ranges can be extended upward by d......

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E572-12 用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法分析不锈钢和合金钢的标准试验方法

5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed. 5.2 It is expected that this standard will be employed by analysts knowledgeable in the field of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and experienced in the use of the apparatus specified in this standard. 1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements: Element Range, Mass Fraction% Chromium 2.0 to 25.0 Cobalt 0.03 to 0.40 Copper 0.05 to 3.50 Manganese 0.3 to 5.0 Molybdenum 0.15 to 3.5 Nickel 0.20 to 35.0 Niobium 0.05 to 1.3 Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.03 Silicon 0.05 to 0.20 Sulfur 0.02 to 0.30 Titanium 0.002 to 0.04 Vanadium 0.03 to 0.25

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry