79.040 (Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D198-14e1 使用长度为污染检测器的天然气硫醇的标准试验方法

6.1 The flexural properties established by this test method provide: 6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and specifications; 6.1.2 Data for use in development of design values for structural members; 6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical properties of structural members; 6.1.4 Data on strength properties of different species or grades in various structural sizes; 6.1.5 Data for use in checking existing equations or hypotheses relating to the structural behavior of beams; 6.1.6 Data on the effects of chemical or environmental conditions on mechanical properties; 6.1.7 Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth, taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations; and 6.1.8 Data on relationships between mechanical and physical properties. 6.2 Procedures are described here in sufficient detail to permit duplication in different laboratories so that comparisons of results from different sources will be valid. Where special circumstances require deviation from some details of these procedures, these deviations shall be carefully described in the report (see Section 11). 1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based materials in structural sizes by various testing procedures. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:   Sections Flexure 8201;8201;4 – 11 Compression (Short Column) 13 –

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

ASTM D1990-14 确定实尺样品分级试验中目测级量度木材的允许参数的标准实施规程

4.1 The procedures described in this practice are intended to be used to establish allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values for solid sawn, visually graded dimension lumber from In-Grade type test data. These procedures apply to the tested and untested sizes and grades when an adequate data matrix of sizes and grades exists. In addition, the methodology for establishing allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values for combinations of species and species groups is covered. Allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values may also be developed for a single size or a single grade of lumber from test data. 4.2 Methods for establishing allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values for a single size/grade test cell are covered in Practice D2915. The appropriateness of these methods to establish allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values is directly dependent upon the quality and representativeness of the input test data. 4.3 A monitoring program shall be established to periodically review the continued applicability of allowable properties derived by this practice. A monitoring program will establish data sets that are either the same as, above, or below the data that was used to develop the current allowable properties. Upon detection of a statistically significant downward shift, evaluation of the data and confirmation of remedial actions shall be undertaken. When evaluation is not undertaken or the results of the evaluation indicate an adjustment to allowable properties is appropriate, a reassessment shall be conducted to re-establish allowable properties. Note 5—It is recognized that over time there is the potential for changes in the raw material or product mix. In response to this a monitoring program must be conducted to ensure design values derived by this practice are not invalidated by such changes. If the data collected with a monitoring provides evidence of an statistically significant downward shift in lumber properties an evaluation program in accordance with the procedures of this practice is needed to detect and confirm that responses to such changes are appropriate. Evaluation, if undertaken, provides a means for responding to the data and assessing if the actions taken are sufficient. Following the confirmation of a statistically significant downward shift, reassessment of values shall be conducted if evaluation is either not undertaken or does not adequately address the downward shift. 1.1 This practice covers the principles and procedures for establishing allowable stress values for bending, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity values for structural design from “In-Grade” tests of full-size visually graded solid sawn dimension lumber. This practice also covers procedures for periodic monitoring, and additional procedures, if needed, for evaluation and possible reassessment of assigned design values. This practice is focused on, but is not limited to, grades which used the concepts incorporated in Practice D245 and were developed and interpreted under American Softwood Lumber PS 20. 1.2 A basic assumption of the procedures used in this practice is that the samples selected and tested are representative of the entire global population being evaluated. This approach is consistent with the historical clear wood methodology of assigning an allowable property to visually-graded lumber which was representative of the entire growth range of a species or species group. Every effort shall be made to ensure the test......

Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens

ASTM D198-14 结构尺寸木料静力试验的标准试验方法

6.1 The flexural properties established by this test method provide: 6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and specifications; 6.1.2 Data for use in development of design values for structural members; 6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical properties of structural members; 6.1.4 Data on strength properties of different species or grades in various structural sizes; 6.1.5 Data for use in checking existing equations or hypotheses relating to the structural behavior of beams; 6.1.6 Data on the effects of chemical or environmental conditions on mechanical properties; 6.1.7 Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth, taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations; and 6.1.8 Data on relationships between mechanical and physical properties. 6.2 Procedures are described here in sufficient detail to permit duplication in different laboratories so that comparisons of results from different sources will be valid. Where special circumstances require deviation from some details of these procedures, these deviations shall be carefully described in the report (see Section 11). 1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based materials in structural sizes by various testing procedures. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:   Sections Flexure 8201;8201;4 – 11 Compression (Short Column) 13 – 20 Compression (Long Member) 21 –

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

ASTM D143-14 木材无疵小试样的标准试验方法

4.1 These test methods cover tests on small clear specimens of wood that are made to provide the following: 4.1.1 Data for comparing the mechanical properties of various species, 4.1.2 Data for the establishment of correct strength functions, which in conjunction with results of tests of timbers in structural sizes (see Test Methods D198 and Test Methods D4761), afford a basis for establishing allowable stresses, and 4.1.3 Data to determine the influence on the mechanical properties of such factors as density, locality of growth, position in cross section, height of timber in the tree, change of properties with seasoning or treatment with chemicals, and change from sapwood to heartwood. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of various strength and related properties of wood by testing small clear specimens. 1.1.1 These test methods represent procedures for evaluating the different mechanical and physical properties, controlling factors such as specimen size, moisture content, temperature, and rate of loading. 1.1.2 Sampling and collection of material is discussed in Practice D5536. Sample data, computation sheets, and cards have been incorporated, which were of assistance to the investigator in systematizing records. 1.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. When a weight is prescribed, the basic inch-pound unit of weight (lbf) and the basic SI unit of mass (Kg) are cited. 1.2 The procedures for the various tests appear in the following order:   Sections Photographs of Specimens  5 Control of Moisture Content and Temperature  6 Record of Heartwood and Sapwood  7 Static Bending  8 Compression Parallel to Grain  9 ......

Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber

ASTM D4446/D4446M-13 暴露在液态水环境下未经处理木材的防水配方和微分润胀抗溶胀性效力标准试验方法

3.1 This test method is useful in determining the relative anti-swelling efficiency of various water-repellent formulations when applied to wood. It is the initial means of estimating the ability of water-repellent treated wood to perform satisfactorily when exposed to liquid water environments. 3.2 The swelling differences of untreated wood species when subjected to water immersion can also be determined by this test method. 3.3 This method is a basic screening test and thus provides an initial determination of the anti-swelling efficiency of water repellents. It is a qualitative method designed to provide a reproducible means of establishing: (1) the anti-swelling efficiency of water-repellent formulations, and (2) the relative swelling of untreated wood species when both are exposed to liquid water environments. 1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of water-repellent compositions for retarding dimensional changes in coated wood submerged in water. It can also be used to measure the differential swelling of untreated wood when exposed to liquid water environments. The compositions tested are designed to be mixed until uniform and applied by brush, roller, dip or spray to an exterior wood surface. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling of Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environments

ASTM D6782-13 在线干木材水分测量计的标准化和校准的标准试验方法

4.1 In-line meters provide a rapid means of detecting moisture content of lumber or wood products in processing (that is, on a continuous production line). Two major uses are monitoring the performance of the drying process (air drying, kiln drying), and providing sorting or identification of material at predetermined levels of moisture content. These measurements are inferential in the sense that physical measurements are made and compared against calibration curves to obtain an indirect measure of moisture content. These measurements may be influenced by one or more physical properties such as actual moisture content (average and gradient; see Appendix X5), density, surface moisture, chemical composition, size, and temperature of wood. In addition, the measurements may also be influenced by environmental conditions and the design specifications of the meter. The best performance is obtained by an awareness of the effect of each parameter on the meter output and correction of readings as specified by these test methods. 4.2 The two major anticipated users of these test methods are instrument manufacturers whose primary concern is laboratory standardization and calibration, and instrument owners who may have a primary focus on field standardization and calibration. These test methods present the laboratory and the field as separate tracks (see Appendix X2). 4.2.1 Laboratory Standardization and Calibration—This portion of these test methods is intended for guidance of equipment manufacturers. Specific test recommendations are tailored to the capabilities of a laboratory environment. 4.2.2 Field Standardization and Calibration—The predominant use of in-line meters is in production in which lumber characteristics and environmental conditions reflect actual mill processes. Field standardization and calibration is essential to address or encompass much of the variability in production. 4.2.3 Applications using the output of the in-line moisture meter may modify the meter output signals or have inherent response characteristics that are not representative of the meter. 1.1 These test methods apply to instruments designed to detect, or measure, moisture in wood which has been dried below the fiber saturation point. The purpose of these tests is to provide a unified standard against which such systems can demonstrate their suitability for their intended use (see Appendix X1). 1.1.1 Sensitivity to thin layers of surface moisture such as caused by dew or brief rain exposure is not addressed by these methods. Applications, such as screening material for surface adhesion, may require additional assessment methodology and criteria (see Appendix X5). 1.2 The standard is configured to support tests by moisture meter manufacturers as well as end-users of such systems, therefore the text follows two tracks (see Appendix X2).

Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters

ASTM D6765-13 现场打桩的标准实施规程

4.1 Live staking is a soil bioengineering technique used to provide erosion and sedimentation control after plants have become fully established by increasing infiltration, slowing or redirecting runoff, and trapping seed and sediments. A successful live staking application provides mechanical surface slope stabilization, aesthetics, water quality and habitat enhancement. The ability of live staking to function properly depends on the quality and correctness of the materials utilized, the means and methods of installation, and proper consideration of site characteristics. It is imperative that the live staking develops root and top growth. 1.1 This practice covers the material, preparation and installation work required for live stake construction. 1.2 The values in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace standard of care by which adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without considerations of a project's many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Live Staking

ASTM D198-13 结构尺寸木料静力学试验的标准试验方法

6.1 The flexural properties established by this test method provide: 6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and specifications; 6.1.2 Data for use in development of working stresses for structural members; 6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical properties of structural members; 6.1.4 Data on strength properties of different species or grades in various structural sizes; 6.1.5 Data for use in checking existing equations or hypotheses relating to the structural behavior of beams; 6.1.6 Data on the effects of chemical or environmental conditions on mechanical properties; 6.1.7 Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth, taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations; and 6.1.8 Data on relationships between mechanical and physical properties. 6.2 Procedures are described here in sufficient detail to permit duplication in different laboratories so that comparisons of results from different sources will be valid. Special circumstances may require deviation from some details of these procedures. Any variations shall be carefully described in the report (see Section 11). 1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in structural size by various testing procedures. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:   Sections Flexure 8201;8201;4 – 11 Compression (Short Column) 13 – 20 Compression (Long Member) 21 –

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

ASTM D1037-12 木质纤维和碎料板材料性能评估的标准试验方法

These test methods cover small-specimen tests for wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are made to provide: Data for comparing the mechanical and physical properties of various materials, Data for determining the influence on the basic properties of such factors as raw material and processing variables, post-treatments of panels, and environmental influences, and Data for manufacturing control, product research and development, and specification acceptance. Not all the tests outlined in these test methods may be necessary to evaluate any particular panel for any specified use. In each instance, therefore, it will be necessary to determine which tests shall be made.1.1 Part AGeneral Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials. These test methods cover the determination of the properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are produced as mat-formed panels such as particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, hardboard, and oriented strand board. Section Significance and Use3 Apparatus4 Test Specimens5 Moisture Content and Conditioning Requirements6 Accelerated Aging7 Size, Physical Properties and Appearance of Panels8 Static Bending9 Tension Parallel to Surface10 Tension Perpendicular to Surface11 Compression Parallel to Surface12 Fastener Holding Tests: Lateral Nail Resistance13 Nail Withdrawal14 Nail-Head Pull-Through15 Direct Screw Withdrawal16 Hardness17 Hardness Modulus18 Shear in the Plane of the Panel19 Glue-Line Shear (Block Type)20 Falling Ball Impact21 Abrasion Resistance by the U.S. Navy Wear Tester22 Moisture Tests: Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling23 Linear Expansion with Change in Moisture Content24 ......

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials

ASTM D4445-10 用于控制未处理木材的变色和发霉的杀菌剂的标准试验方法(实验室法)

This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions. Note 18212;From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests. 1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:

Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)

ASTM D4445-09a 控制未处理木材的变色和形状用杀菌剂试验方法(实验室法)

This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions. Note 18212;From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests. 1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order: Section Summary of Test Method4 Apparatus6 Reagents7 Wood8 Test Fungi9 Culture Media10 Preparation of Inoculum11 Preparation of Test Chambers12 Treatment of Samples13 Inoculation and Incubation14 Evaluation of the Test15 Report16 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)

ASTM D143-09 洁净木材小样品试验的标准试验方法

These test methods cover tests on small clear specimens of wood that are made to provide the following: Data for comparing the mechanical properties of various species, Data for the establishment of correct strength functions, which in conjunction with results of tests of timbers in structural sizes (see Test Methods D198 and Test Methods D4761), afford a basis for establishing allowable stresses, and Data to determine the influence on the mechanical properties of such factors as density, locality of growth, position in cross section, height of timber in the tree, change of properties with seasoning or treatment with chemicals, and change from sapwood to heartwood. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of various strength and related properties of wood by testing small clear specimens. 1.1.1 These test methods represent procedures for evaluating the different mechanical and physical properties, controlling factors such as specimen size, moisture content, temperature, and rate of loading. 1.1.2 Sampling and collection of material is discussed in Practice D5536. Sample data, computation sheets, and cards have been incorporated, which were of assistance to the investigator in systematizing records. 1.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. When a weight is prescribed, the basic inch-pound unit of weight (lbf) and the basic SI unit of mass (Kg) are cited. 1.2 The procedures for the various tests appear in the following order: Sections Photographs of Specimens 5 Control of Moisture Content and Temperature 6 Record of Heartwood and Sapwood 7 Static Bending 8 Compression Parallel to Grain 9 Impact Bending10 Toughness11 Compression Perpendicular to Grain12 Hardness13 Shear Parallel to Grain14 Cleavage15 Tension Parallel to Grain16 Tension Perpendicular to Grain17 Nail Withdrawal18 Specific Gravity and Shrinkage in Volume19 Radial and Tangential Shrinkage20 Moisture Determination

Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber

ASTM D4445-09 控制未处理木材的变色和形状用杀菌剂试验方法(实验室法)

This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions. Note 18212;From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests. 1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order: Section Summary of Test Method4 Apparatus6 Reagents7 Wood8 Test Fungi9 Culture Media10 Preparation of Inoculum11 Preparation of Test Chambers12 Treatment of Samples13 Inoculation and Incubation14 Evaluation of the Test15 Report16 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)

ASTM D6763-08 测试外部木材污渍和透明防水覆层的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2. Note 18212;The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide. Note 28212;The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood. Note 38212;The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not obscure the grain or texture of the wood. 1.1.1 Discussion151;When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents

ASTM D6763-08(2014) 外部木材染色剂和清水剂试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2. Note 1: The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide. Note 2: The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood. Note 3: The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not obscure the grain or texture of the wood. 1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents

ASTM D4446-08 暴露在液态水环境下测定未处理木材膨胀差和防水配方抗膨胀效率的标准试验方法

This test method is useful in determining the relative anti-swelling efficiency of various water-repellent formulations when applied to wood. It is the initial means of estimating the ability of water-repellent treated wood to perform satisfactorily when exposed to liquid water environments. The swelling differences of untreated wood species when subjected to water immersion can also be determined by this test method. This method is a basic screening test and thus provides an initial determination of the anti-swelling efficiency of water repellents. It is a qualitative method designed to provide a reproducible means of establishing: (1) the anti-swelling efficiency of water-repellent formulations, and (2) the relative swelling of untreated wood species when both are exposed to liquid water environments.1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of water-repellent compositions for retarding dimensional changes in coated wood submerged in water. It can also be used to measure the differential swelling of untreated wood when exposed to liquid water environments. The compositions tested are designed to be mixed until uniform and applied by brush, roller, dip or spray to an exterior wood surface. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling of Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environments

ASTM D6841-08 耐火处理木材设计参数调节系数的计算标准实施规程

Fire-retardant-treatments are used to reduce the flame-spread characteristics of wood. Chemicals and redrying conditions employed in treatments are known to modify the strength properties of the wood product being treated. This practice gives procedures for fire-retardant chemical manufacturers to use to calculate the effects of their treatment on lumber used in normal and elevated temperature service conditions. The effect of fire-retardant treatments on the strength of lumber used in roof framing applications is time related. In this practice, the cumulative effect on strength of annual thermal loads from all temperature bins is increased 50 times to establish treatment adjustment factors for fire-retardant treated lumber roof framing. The procedures of Test Method D 5664 employ an elevated temperature intended to produce strength losses in a short period of time. Although the exposure is much more severe than that which occurs in an actual roof system, the chemical reactions that occur in the laboratory test are considered to be the same as those occurring over long periods of time in the field. Treatment adjustment factors developed under this practice apply to lumber installed in accordance with construction practices recommended by the fire-retardant chemical manufacturer which include avoidance of direct wetting, precipitation or frequent condensation. Application of this practice is limited to roof applications with design consistent with 1.3.1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating treatment adjustment factors to be applied to design values for fire-retardant-treated lumber used at ambient temperatures [service temperatures up to 100°F (38°C)] and as framing in roof systems. 1.2 These design value treatment adjustment factors for the properties of extreme fiber in bending, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain, horizontal shear, and modulus of elasticity are based on the results of strength tests of matched treated and untreated small clear wood specimens after conditioning at nominal room temperatures [72°F (22°C)] and of other similar specimens after exposure at 150°F (66°C). The test data are developed in accordance with Test Method D 5664. Guidelines are provided for establishing adjustment factors for the property of compression perpendicular to grain and for connection design values. 1.3 Treatment adjustment factors for roof framing applications are based on computer generated thermal load profiles for normal wood roof construction used in a variety of climates as defined by weather tapes of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE). The solar loads, moisture conditions, ventilation rates, and other parameters used in the computer model were selected to represent typical sloped roof designs. The thermal loads in this practice are applicable to roof slopes of 3 in 12 or steeper, to roofs designed with vent areas and vent locations conforming to national standards of practice and to designs in which the bottom side of the roof sheathing is exposed to ventilation air. For designs that do not have one or more of these base-line features, the applicability of this practice needs to be documented by the user. 1.4 The procedures of this practice parallel those given in Practice D 6305. General references and commentary in Practice D 6305 are also applicable to this practice. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units listed in parentheses are prov......

Standard Practice for Calculating Design Value Treatment Adjustment Factors for Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber

ASTM D198-08 使用长度为污染检测器的天然气硫醇的标准试验方法

The flexural properties established by this test method provide: Data for use in development of grading rules and specifications; Data for use in development of working stresses for structural members; Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical properties of structural members; Data on strength properties of different species or grades in various structural sizes; Data for use in checking existing equations or hypotheses relating to the structural behavior of beams; Data on the effects of chemical or environmental conditions on mechanical properties; Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth, taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations; and Data on relationships between mechanical and physical properties. Procedures are described here in sufficient detail to permit duplication in different laboratories so that comparisons of results from different sources will be valid. Special circumstances may require deviation from some details of these procedures. Any variations shall be carefully described in the report (see Section 11).1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in structural size by various testing procedures. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order: Sections Flexure 4-11 Compression (Short Column)13-20 Compression (Long Member)21-28 Tension29-36 Torsion37-44 Shear Modulus45-52 1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Appendix X1. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

ASTM D7381-07 标准材料试验中桩用圆木允许应力的建立用标准实施规程

This practice is primarily intended for use by associations, third-party grading agencies, technical societies and other groups that develop national design standards and use recommendations for round timber piles. This practice provides procedures for establishing compression parallel to grain and bending stresses for round timber piles including: sampling of material for testing; methods of test and property calculation procedures; distribution analysis of test data; procedures for determining adjustments for critical section location; pile oversize, load sharing and treatment; and procedures for deriving allowable stresses. In using allowable stresses established under this practice, factors specific to each end use which may affect the performance of the pile system shall be considered by the designer. Such factors include the location of the critical section, the bearing capacity of the soil, the ability of the pile to withstand driving forces, the properties of the cap or load distributive element tying piles together and the loading and conditions of service.1.1 This practice contains procedures for establishing allowable compression parallel to grain and bending stresses for round timbers used for piling, based on results from full-size tests.Note 1Allowable stresses for compression perpendicular to grain and shear properties are established in accordance with the provisions of Practice D 2899.1.2 Stresses established under this practice are applicable to piles conforming to the size, quality, straightness, spiral grain, knot, shake and split provisions of Specification D 25.1.3 A commentary on the practice is available from ASTM International.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timbers for Piles from Tests of Full-Size Material

ASTM D1990-07 来自于全尺寸试样的分级试验的目视尺寸分级的木材的容许性能的确定用标准试验方法

1.1 Due to the number of specimens involved and the number of mechanical properties to be evaluated, a methodology for evaluating the data and assigning allowable properties to both tested and untested grade/size cells is necessary. Sampling and analysis of tested cells are covered in Practice D 2915. The mechanical test methods are covered in Test Methods D 198 and D 4761. This practice covers the necessary procedures for assigning allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to dimension lumber from In-Grade tests. The practice includes methods to permit assignment of allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to untested sizes and grades, as well as some untested properties.1.2 A basic assumption of the procedures used in this practice is that the samples selected and tested are representative of the entire global population being evaluated. This approach is consistent with the historical clear wood methodology of assigning an allowable property to visually-graded lumber which was representative of the entire growth range of a species or species group. Every effort shall be made to ensure the test sample is representative of population by grade and size (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2).1.3 This practice covers the principles and procedures for establishing allowable stress values for bending, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity values for structural design from "In-Grade" tests of full-size visually graded solid sawn dimension lumber. This practice is focused on, but is not limited to, grades which used the concepts incorporated in Practice D 245 and were developed and interpreted under American Softwood Lumber PS 20-70.Note 1 - In the implementation of the North American In-Grade test program, allowable stress values for compression perpendicular to grain and shear parallel to grain for structural design were calculated using the procedures of Practice D 245.1.4 This practice only covers dimension lumber.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens