83.060 (Rubber) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4004-06 橡胶的标准试验方法.火焰原子吸收(AAS)分析法测定金属含量

These test methods are suitable for process control, for product acceptance, and for research and development.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of lead, zinc, copper, and manganese in raw rubber and rubber compounds, vulcanized or unvulcanized. The level at which the metals are present is taken into account by suitable adjustments of sample mass and dilution.1.2 Certain compounding ingredients, present in the rubber sample will dictate which of the methods should be used. Refer to Section 3. Five methods of determination are as follows:SectionsMethod A8Method B9Method C10Method D14-22Method E23-311.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber8212;Determination of Metal Content by Flame Atomic Absorption (AAS) Analysis

ASTM D3185-06 包括混合物和油的SBR（苯乙烯合金橡胶）的橡胶评估的标准试验方法

These test methods are mainly intended for referee purposes but may be used for quality control of synthetic rubber production. They may also be used in research and development work and for comparison of different rubber samples in a standard formula. These test methods may also be used to obtain values for customer acceptance of rubber.1.1 These test methods cover the standard materials, test formulas, mixing procedures, and test methods for the evaluation of emulsion polybutadiene (EBR) and styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) including the emulsion polybutadiene oil masterbatch rubbers, SBR oil masterbatches, and partially crosslinked and high Mooney rubbers.1.2 These test methods are also applicable to certain types of solution SBR and solution SBR oil masterbatches that are used in applications requiring vulcanization.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber-Evaluation of SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) Including Mixtures With Oil

ASTM D412-06ae1 用高温氧化法及库仑检测法对水中总碳量和有机碳含量的试验方法

All materials and products covered by these test methods must withstand tensile forces for adequate performance in certain applications. These test methods allow for the measurement of such tensile properties. However, tensile properties alone may not directly relate to the total end use performance of the product because of the wide range of potential performance requirements in actual use. Tensile properties depend both on the material and the conditions of test (extension rate, temperature, humidity, specimen geometry, pretest conditioning, etc.); therefore materials should be compared only when tested under the same conditions. Temperature and rate of extension may have substantial effects on tensile properties and therefore should be controlled. These effects will vary depending on the type of material being tested. Tensile set represents residual deformation which is partly permanent and partly recoverable after stretching and retraction. For this reason, the periods of extension and recovery (and other conditions of test) must be controlled to obtain comparable results.1.1 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials. The methods appear as follows: Test Method A—Dumbbell and Straight Sectionnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Specimens Test Method B—Cut Ring Specimens Note 18212;These two different methods do not produce identical results. 1.2 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall be regarded separately as normative for this standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently, without combining values. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomersx2014;Tension

ASTM D3187-06(2011) 橡胶标准试验方法.腈基丁二烯橡胶(丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶BR)的评估

These test methods are intended mainly for referee purposes but may be used for quality control of rubber production. They may also be used in research and development work and for comparison of different rubber samples in a standard formula. These test methods may be used to obtain values for customer control acceptance of rubber.1.1 These test methods cover the standard materials, test formulas, mixing procedures and test methods for the evaluation of various types of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubbermdash;Evaluation of NBR (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber)

ASTM D3189-06(2011) 橡胶的标准试验方法.聚丁二烯橡胶(BR)的评定

These test methods are intended mainly for referee purposes but may be used for quality control of rubber production. They may also be used in research and development work and for comparison of different rubber samples in a standard formula. These tests may be used to obtain values for customer acceptance of rubber.1.1 These test methods cover the standard materials, test formula, mixing procedures, and test methods for evaluation of butadiene rubber (BR) made by polymerization in solution. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubbermdash;Evaluation of Solution BR (Polybutadiene Rubber)

ASTM D5044-06(2012) 橡胶配料的标准试验方法.二硫化苯并噻唑(MBTS)中的游离2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is usually the major impurity in MBTS. Free MBT may be determined by this test method. MBT and MBTS are used for rubber and latex vulcanization acceleration. The amount of MBT in MBTS may be of importance in predicting performance in rubber compounds and for raw material purchase and control. This test method may be used as a quality control tool and for research and development work.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for estimation of the acidic impurities in benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Compounding Materialsmdash;Free 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) in Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS)

ASTM D5051-06(2012) 橡胶配料的标准试验方法.二硫化苯并噻唑(MBTS).分析

The test method is designed to assess the purity of MBTS, which is used for rubber and latex vulcanization acceleration. The amount of MBTS is of importance in predicting performance in rubber compounds and for raw material purchase and control. This test method may be used as a quality control tool and for research and development work.1.1 This test method covers the determination of assay of benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS). It is based on a titration of free iodine liberated upon reduction of MBTS, with potassium iodide (KI) in acid medium. 1.2 The assay is determined as mass percent. 1.3 Free 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) content is not determined. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Compounding Materialsmdash;Benzothiazyl Disulfide (MBTS)mdash;Assay

ASTM D471-06 液体对橡胶性能影响的标准试验方法

Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges. Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure. This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality. This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: ( 1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D 3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D 751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D 3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.2.1.2 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details).1.3 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to , Footnote A, and Appendix X3 for details. 1.4 This test method includes the following:1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Effect of Liquids

ASTM D925-06e1 橡胶特性.表面着色(接触、色移和扩散)的标准试验方法

Rubber in contact with light colored organic finishes may stain the surfaces in contact with the rubber (contact staining) and surfaces adjacent to or beyond the rubber (migration staining), especially under conditions of heat, pressure, or sunlight. When a light colored rubber veneer or organic coating covers a staining rubber compound, the staining ingredients can diffuse through the veneer or coating and stain the surface (diffusion staining). This staining of light colored surfaces is objectionable to the consumer. These test methods provide a means of evaluating staining characteristics of rubber compounds but may not necessarily duplicate the effects of natural exposure conditions. Results obtained should not be treated as being equivalent to any natural exposure, unless the degree of quantitative correlation has been empirically established for the material in question. These test methods may be used for producer-consumer acceptance, referee purposes, and research and development work. The two types of exposures (Fluorescent UV and Xenon Arc) are not equivalent and may produce different test results.1.1 These test methods cover techniques to evaluate three types of staining that rubber may cause when in contact with, or in proximity to, another surface that may be light colored. 1.2 The test methods also describe how to qualitatively evaluate the degree of staining produced under the conditions of exposure to heat alone or heat and light. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property-Staining of Surfaces (Contact, migration, and Diffusion)

ASTM D471-06e1 液体对橡胶性能影响的标准试验方法

Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges. Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure. This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality. This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D 3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D 751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D 3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.2. 1.2 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details). 1.3 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1, Footnote A, and Appendix X3 for details. 1.4 This test method includes the following: Change in Mass (after immersion)Section 10 Change in Volume (after immersion)Section 11 Dimensional-Change Method for Water-Insoluble Liq- uids and Mixed Liquids Section 12 Change in Mass with Liquid on One Surface OnlySection 13 Determining Mass of Soluble Matter Extracted by the Liquid Section 14 Change in Tensile Strength, Elongation and Hardness (after immersion) Section 15 Change in Breaking Resistance, Burst Strength, Tear Strength and Adhesion for Coated Fabrics Section 16 Calculation (of test results)Section 18 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. TABLE 1 Specifications......

Standard Test Method for Rubber Propertyx2014;Effect of Liquids

ASTM D925-06 橡胶特性.表面着色(接触、色移和扩散)的标准试验方法

Rubber in contact with light colored organic finishes may stain the surfaces in contact with the rubber (contact staining) and surfaces adjacent to or beyond the rubber (migration staining), especially under conditions of heat, pressure, or sunlight. When a light colored rubber veneer or organic coating covers a staining rubber compound, the staining ingredients can diffuse through the veneer or coating and stain the surface (diffusion staining). This staining of light colored surfaces is objectionable to the consumer. These test methods provide a means of evaluating staining characteristics of rubber compounds but may not necessarily duplicate the effects of natural exposure conditions. Results obtained should not be treated as being equivalent to any natural exposure, unless the degree of quantitative correlation has been empirically established for the material in question. These test methods may be used for producer-consumer acceptance, referee purposes, and research and development work. The two types of exposures (Fluorescent UV and Xenon Arc) are not equivalent and may produce different test results.1.1 These test methods describe techniques to evaluate three types of staining or discoloration that rubber may cause when in contact with or in proximity to another surface that may be light colored. 1.2 The test methods also describe how to qualitatively evaluate the degree of staining or discoloration produced in such situations. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property-Staining of Surfaces (Contact, Migration, and Diffusion)

ASTM D1630-06 橡胶耐磨特性的标准试验方法

It is recognized that when comparing different types of rubber materials, the service performance may not correlate to the results of this predictive test. This test method should not be used as a measure of abrasion resistance for compositions that differ markedly from the standard reference compound. Misleading results, for example, are obtained from polyurethane compositions when compared with the standard reference compound. Some specimens may bounce (chatter) against the abrasive paper, producing inaccurate results. These should be interpreted with care and the condition reported. If test results are inconsistent, the specimens should be cut, after the test is run, and inspected for voids. If any voids are present, the results should be disregarded and the test repeated using test specimens that are free from voids.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to abrasion of vulcanized rubber, or other rubber materials that are similar to the standard reference compound, used for the soles and heels of footwear. It is not recommended for materials less than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) in thickness.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Abrasion Resistance (Footwear Abrader)

ASTM D412-06a 硫化橡胶、热塑橡胶和热塑合成橡胶张力的标准试验方法

All materials and products covered by these test methods must withstand tensile forces for adequate performance in certain applications. These test methods allow for the measurement of such tensile properties. However, tensile properties alone may not directly relate to the total end use performance of the product because of the wide range of potential performance requirements in actual use. Tensile properties depend both on the material and the conditions of test (extension rate, temperature, humidity, specimen geometry, pretest conditioning, etc.); therefore materials should be compared only when tested under the same conditions. Temperature and rate of extension may have substantial effects on tensile properties and therefore should be controlled. These effects will vary depending on the type of material being tested. Tensile set represents residual deformation which is partly permanent and partly recoverable after stretching and retraction. For this reason, the periods of extension and recovery (and other conditions of test) must be controlled to obtain comparable results.1.1 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials. The methods appear as follows:Test Method A-Dumbbell and Straight Section SpecimensTest Method B-Cut Ring SpecimensNote 1These two different methods do not produce identical results.1.2 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall be regarded separately as normative for this standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently, without combining values.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension

ASTM D412-06 硫化橡胶和热塑性弹性体的标准试验方法.拉伸

1.1 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials. The methods appear as follows:Test Method A-Dumbbell and Straight Section SpecimensTest Method B-Cut Ring SpecimensNote 1These two different methods do not produce identical results.1.2 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall be regarded separately as normative for this standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently, without combining values.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension

ASTM F2523-05 室温下硫化人造橡胶抗爆破性能的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice provides a means to determine the blowout resistance of a room-temperature vulcanized elastomer system (RTV) using a standard fixture.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Blowout Resistance of Room-Temperature Vulcanized Elastomers

ASTM D3185-05 橡胶的标准试验方法.包含有油混合物的丁苯橡胶(SBR)的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the standard materials, test formulas, mixing procedures, and test methods for the evaluation of emulsion polybutadiene (EBR) and styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) including the emulsion polybutadiene oil masterbatch rubbers, SBR oil masterbatches, and partially crosslinked and high Mooney rubbers.1.2 These test methods are also applicable to certain types of solution SBR and solution SBR oil masterbatches that are used in applications requiring vulcanization.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rubber-Evaluation of SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) Including Mixtures With Oil

ASTM D4483-05 在橡胶和碳黑生产工业中试验方法标准的精确度评价的标准规程

1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E 691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation.1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories.1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as robust statistical procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a General Precision procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as Special Precision, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel h and k statistics to review the precision database for potential outliers. However, they use slight modifications in the procedure for rejecting incompatible data values as outliers. The Special Precision procedure is specific as to the number of replicates per database cell or material-laboratory combination.1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections:1.5 Six annexes are presented; these serve as supplements to the main body of this practice. are given mainly as background information that is important for a full understanding of precision evaluation. contain detailed instructions and procedures needed to perform the operations as called for in various parts of the practice. The use of these annexes in this capacity avoids long sections of involved instruction in the main body of this practice. This allows for a better presentation and understanding of the central concepts involved in the evaluation of precision. is also important; it gives a complete example of precision evaluation that illustrates all of the procedures and options likely to be encountered in any precision evaluation, from the simple to the most complex. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries

ASTM D4483-05a(2011) 测定在橡胶和碳黑工业中试验方法标准精确度的标准操作规程

Tests are conducted using standard test methods to generate test data that are used to make decisions for commercial, technical, and scientific purposes. It follows that the precision of a particular test method is an important quality characteristic or figure of merit for a test method and a decision process. An evaluation of the precision of a test method is normally conducted with (1) some selected group of materials as typically used with that method and (2) with a group of volunteer laboratories that have experience with the test method. The evaluation represents an event in time for the test method for these materials and laboratories. Another ITP precision evaluation with somewhat different materials or even with the same materials with the same laboratories at a different time, may generate precision results that differ from the initial ITP. Experience as indicated in Refs (1-4) and elsewhere has shown that the poor reproducibility among the laboratories of a typical ITP is almost always due to interlaboratory bias. Certain laboratories are always low or high compared to a reference as well as other laboratories in all tests. This usual outcome for many ITPs is addressed in this practice by the use of the three-step robust analysis procedures as described in Section 7. Caution is urged in applying precision results of a particular test method to product testing for consumer-producer product acceptance. Product acceptance procedures should be developed on the basis of precision data obtained in special programs that are specific to the commercial products and to the laboratories of the interested parties for this type of testing.1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation. 1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories. 1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as robust statistical procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a General Precision procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as Special Precision, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel h and k statistics to review the precision database for potential outliers. However, they use slight modifications in the procedure for rejecting incompatible data values as outliers. The Special Precision procedure is specific as to the number of replicates per database cell or material-laboratory combination.

Standard Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries

ASTM D1418-05 橡胶和橡胶胶乳的标准实施规程.命名

1.1 This practice covers a system of general classification for the basic rubbers both in dry and latex forms determined from the chemical composition of the polymer chain.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide a standardization of terms for use in industry, commerce, and government and is not intended to conflict with but rather to act as a supplement to existing trade names and trademarks.1.3 In technical papers or presentations the name of the polymer should be used if possible. The symbols can follow the chemical name for use in later references.Note 1--For terms related to thermoplastic elastomers, see D5538 Practice for Thermoplastic Elastomers - Terminology and Abbreviations.

Standard Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices-Nomenclature

ASTM D2240-05(2010) 用硬度计测定橡胶硬度的标准试验方法

This test method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method D785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.1.1.1 This test method covers twelve types of rubber hardness measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for determining indentation hardness of substances classified as thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanized (thermoset) rubber, elastomeric materials, cellular materials, gel-like materials, and some plastics is also described. 1.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those described in Test Method D1415. 1.3 This test method is not applicable to the testing of coated fabrics. 1.4 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Many of the stated dimensions in SI are direct conversions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property8212;Durometer Hardness