83.060 (Rubber) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1415-05 橡胶特性的标准试验方法.国际硬度

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the hardness of rubber. The hardness is obtained by the difference in penetration depth of a specified dimension ball under two conditions of contact with the rubber: (1) with a small initial force and (2) with a much larger final force. The differential penetration is taken at a specified time and converted to a hardness scale value.1.2 This test method is identical in substance with ISO 48.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property8212;International Hardness

ASTM C1522-05(2013) 冷液弹性防水薄膜热老化后伸展性的标准试验方法

6.1 This test method is used to determine a membrane's ability to bridge a crack that forms after the membrane has been applied and allowed to cure. 1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for determining extensibility for one- or two-component cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membranes. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Extensibility After Heat Aging of Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membranes

ASTM D2240-05 橡胶特性的标准试验方法.肖氏硬度

This test method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method D 785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.1. FIG. 1 (a) Type A and C Indentor FIG. 1(b) Type B and D Indentor (continued) FIG. 1(c) Type O, DO, and OO Indentor (continued) FIG. 1(d) Type M Indentor (continued) FIG. 1(e) Type OOO Indentor (continued) FIG. 1(f) Type OOO-S Indentor (continued) FIG. 1(g) Type E Indentor (continued)1.1 This test method covers twelve types of rubber hardness measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for determining indentation hardness of substances classified as thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanized (thermoset) rubber, elastomeric materials, cellular materials, gel-like materials, and some plastics is also described.1.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those described in Test Method D 1415.1.3 This test method is not applicable to the testing of coated fabrics.1.4 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Many of the stated dimensions in SI are direct conversions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property8212;Durometer Hardness

ASTM D4483-05a(2011) 测定在橡胶和碳黑工业中试验方法标准精确度的标准操作规程

Tests are conducted using standard test methods to generate test data that are used to make decisions for commercial, technical, and scientific purposes. It follows that the precision of a particular test method is an important quality characteristic or figure of merit for a test method and a decision process. An evaluation of the precision of a test method is normally conducted with (1) some selected group of materials as typically used with that method and (2) with a group of volunteer laboratories that have experience with the test method. The evaluation represents an event in time for the test method for these materials and laboratories. Another ITP precision evaluation with somewhat different materials or even with the same materials with the same laboratories at a different time, may generate precision results that differ from the initial ITP. Experience as indicated in Refs (1-4) and elsewhere has shown that the poor reproducibility among the laboratories of a typical ITP is almost always due to interlaboratory bias. Certain laboratories are always low or high compared to a reference as well as other laboratories in all tests. This usual outcome for many ITPs is addressed in this practice by the use of the three-step robust analysis procedures as described in Section 7. Caution is urged in applying precision results of a particular test method to product testing for consumer-producer product acceptance. Product acceptance procedures should be developed on the basis of precision data obtained in special programs that are specific to the commercial products and to the laboratories of the interested parties for this type of testing.1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation. 1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories. 1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as robust statistical procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a General Precision procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as Special Precision, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel h and k statistics to review the precision database for potential outliers. However, they use slight modifications in the procedure for rejecting incompatible data values as outliers. The Special Precision procedure is specific as to the number of replicates per database cell or material-laboratory combination.

Standard Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries

ASTM C1522-05 冷液弹性防水薄膜热老化后伸展性的标准试验方法

This test method is used to determine a membranersquo;ability to bridge a crack that forms after the membrane has been applied and allowed to cure.1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for determining extensibility for one- or two-component cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membranes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Extensibility After Heat Aging of Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membranes

ASTM D2240-05(2010) 用硬度计测定橡胶硬度的标准试验方法

This test method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method D785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.1.1.1 This test method covers twelve types of rubber hardness measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for determining indentation hardness of substances classified as thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanized (thermoset) rubber, elastomeric materials, cellular materials, gel-like materials, and some plastics is also described. 1.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those described in Test Method D1415. 1.3 This test method is not applicable to the testing of coated fabrics. 1.4 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Many of the stated dimensions in SI are direct conversions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property8212;Durometer Hardness

ASTM D7121-05(2012) 用Schob型回弹摆锤测定橡胶回弹特性的标准试验方法

The Schob Type rebound pendulum is designed to measure the percentage resilience of a rubber compound as an indication of hysteretic energy loss that can also be defined by the relationship between storage modulus and loss modulus. The percent rebound measured is inversely proportional to the hysteretic loss. Percentage resilience or rebound resilience are commonly used in quality control testing of polymers and compounding chemicals. Rebound resilience is determined by a freely falling pendulum hammer that is dropped from a given height that impacts a test specimen and imparts to it a certain amount of energy. A portion of that energy is returned by the specimen to the pendulum and may be measured by the extent to which the pendulum rebounds, whereby the restoring force is determined by gravity. Since the energy of the pendulum is proportional to the vertical component of the displacement of the pendulum, it may be expressed as 1 – cos (of the angle of displacement) and percentage rebound resilience. RB, commonly called percentage rebound, is determined from the equation: The rebound resilience may be calculated as: where: h= apex height of the rebound, and H= initial height. The rebound resilience may also be determined by the measurement of the angle of rebound α. From the rebound angle α, the rebound resilience in percent is obtained according to the following formula:1.1 This test method covers a means of determining the resilience of rubber, within a range of impact strain and strain rate, by means of the impacting and measuring apparatus conforming to the requirements described in this test method. 1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers, the hardness of which, at the specified test temperatures, lies between 30 and 85 IRHD (see Test Method D1415) or A/30 and A/85 (see Test Method D2240). It may also be applicable to some polyester, polyether foam, and plastic foam materials. 1.3 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organization parallel in nature. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Propertymdash;Resilience Using Schob Type Rebound Pendulum

ASTM D2228-04(2009) 橡胶特性的标准试验方法.相对抗磨性(皮考磨损机法)

This test method may be used to estimate the relative abrasion resistance of subject materials as described in 1.1. No correlation between this accelerated test and service performance is given or implied, due, in part, to the widely varying nature of service conditions. The formulas, for which the mixing and curing specifications are given in Annex A1, once prepared, are referred to as calibration compounds. These calibration compounds may be used to determine the performance status of the cutting knives as described in this test method. The performance of the cutting knives may also be determined by periodically determining their dimensions as described in 6.1.7. The calibration compounds are used as reference standards to which the abrasion resistance, determined by volume loss of a subject material, may be compared. Once the resistance to abrasion is established, using this methodology, for a specific material, the results achieved may be used as a basis for future comparative analysis of identical materials, either as agreed upon between laboratories, or between customer and supplier. FIG. 1 Typical Pico Tester FIG. 1Typical Pico Tester (continued)1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of vulcanized (thermoset) rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, and elastomeric and similar materials to a standardized reference system. A standardized set of reference compounds is used to calculate relative abrasion resistance. These reference compounds are also used to determine the relative performance, within a permissible range, of the cutting knives used in performing the test. 1.2 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organization parallel in nature. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Relative Abrasion Resistance by the Pico Abrader Method

ASTM D1871-04(2010) 轮胎钢丝和橡胶间粘结性的标准试验方法

To contribute to the mechanical properties required in a product, tire bead wire must have good adhesion to the rubber matrix. This allows the rubber to absorb part of the energy, distributing it uniformly between the reinforcing material and the rubber compound. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wire since it has been used extensively in the trade for this purpose. This test method may be used for purchase specification requirements or manufacturing control of bead wire. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. The characteristics of single filament steel wires that affect the adhesion property are wire diameter, coating composition, and coating mass. The storage conditions, age, and vulcanization conditions of the rubber compound will affect the test results and must be specified by the supplier of the rubber compound.1.1 This test method cover procedures for testing the strength of adhesion of single-filament wire to vulcanized rubber compounds. The method applies to, but is not limited to, wire made from brass, bronze, or zinc coated steel wire. The adhesion strength is expressed as the magnitude of the pull-out force for the single filament of wire. 1.2 This test method is applicable to single-filament wires used in reinforced rubber products as single filaments and is normally used to evaluate the adhesion of samples of wire to a standard rubber applied under specified conditions. It is primarily used to evaluate tire bead wire and may be applied, with modifications and by agreement between supplier and customer, to various wire types used in rubber product reinforcing. 1.3 This test method is written in SI units. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.5.1.

Standard Test Method for Adhesion Between Tire Bead Wire and Rubber

ASTM D2229-04e1 钢轮胎帘线和橡胶之间粘结性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to pull a steel cord from a block of vulcanized rubber.1.2 Although designed primarily for steel cord, this test method may be applied with modifications to wire used in rubber products.1.3 This test method can also be used for evaluating rubber compound performance with respect to adhesion to steel cord.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber

ASTM C1518-04(2009) 预硫化弹性有机硅接缝密封剂的标准规范

1.1 Precured elastomeric silicone joint sealants, hereinafter referred to as seal, are manufactured in flat, cured, extruded shapes and are primarily used to span joint openings in construction. This specification describes the properties of applied, flat shaped precured elastomeric silicone joint sealants, hereinafter referred to as applied seal, that bridge joint openings and are adhered to joint substrates utilizing a liquid applied silicone adhesive sealant, specified by the manufacturer, hereinafter referred to as adhesive to construction substrates, to seal building openings such as panel joints, metal flashing joints, or other building openings in place of conventional liquid applied sealants. 1.2 Seals are applied in three different configurations: 1.2.1 As a bridge joint, the seal is applied flat on the surface to cover a joint opening. See Fig. 1. 1.2.2 As a beveled bridge joint, the seal is applied on the beveled edge of a substrate to bridge a joint opening. See Fig. 2. 1.2.3 As a U-joint, the seal is applied in a U-configuration within a joint. See Fig. 3. 1.3 This specification is for a flat extruded shape. A three-dimensional shape used at a joint cross section or termination is being considered for future inclusion in the specification. 1.4 An applied seal meeting the requirements of this specification shall be designated by the manufacturer as to movement class and tear class as described in Section 5. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. FIG. 1 Bridge Joint Configuration FIG. 2 Beveled Bridge Joint Configuration FIG. 3 U-Joint Configuration

Standard Specification for Precured Elastomeric Silicone Joint Sealants

ASTM C1523-04 预硫化弹性连接密封剂的模量、抗撕裂性和粘结性能测定的标准试验方法

Seals are manufactured in flat extruded shapes and are primarily used to span joint openings. The seal is adhered to construction substrates utilizing a liquid applied adhesive, to seal building openings such as panel joints, metal flashing joints or other joints in place of conventional liquid applied sealants. In actual use, failure of an applied seal in an active joint is usually manifested by cohesive failure of the seal; adhesive failure between the adhesive and the substrate; adhesive failure between the adhesive and the seal; cohesive failure of the substrate or tear propagation parallel to the joint length. This test method can be used for testing the adhesion of the adhesive to the substrate and to the seal, tensile load at various strains and tear resistance at various strains after the specimens are exposed to wet, cold, hot and artificial weathering conditionings. All or some of these properties are experienced on actual job sites. FIG. 1 Standard Substrate Test Specimen Assemblies FIG. 2 Beveled Bridge Joint Configuration FIG. 3 U-joint Configuration FIG. 4 Test Specimen Showing 5 mm Cut in the Middle of the Seal for Tear Propagation Testing Tear propagates perpendicular to the length of the joint as shown above, left; or at any angle leading to the joint wall as shown above, right. In each case tear stops at the joint wall with an intact unbroken joint length on both sides of at least 12.5 mm.FIG. 5 Partial Tear Tear propagates parallel to the joint wall and opens one side or both sides.FIG. 6 Tear1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring modulus, tear, joint movement ability and adhesion properties of applied, Precured Elastomeric Joint Sealants, hereinafter referred to as "applied seal" and if not applied, hereinafter referred to as "seal," on portland cement mortar as a standard substrate and or other substrates. It tests these properties after dry, wet, frozen, heat aged or artificially weather-aged conditionings, or both.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any similar standard published by another committee or organization.

Standard Test Method for Determining Modulus, Tear and Adhesion Properties of Precured Elastomeric Joint Sealants

ASTM D7050-04 天然橡胶的标准规程.基于预测加工性能的取样和分类

In accordance with Specification D 2227, shipments of TSR10 and TSR20 must meet a minimum initial Wallace plasticity (Po) of 30 to be accepted. However, even with this minimum restriction, the uncured viscoelastic or “processability” properties are allowed to vary greatly. This variation in properties can significantly affect the quality and efficiency of a factory operation. Bales of TSR10 or TSR20 which are lower in their uncured elastic quality (“soft” rubber) in some cases may impart better processing properties to tire innerliners, cushion gums, and sidewalls. “Soft” bales sometimes impart better building tack, better mold flow, and lower extrusion die swell with better dimensional stability. Also, these “soft” rubber bales may dissolve faster in solvents for adhesion dipping. Bales of TSR10 or TSR20 that are higher in their uncured elastic quality (“hard” rubber) in some cases generate greater shearing during the initial stages of a factory mix, which result in a faster breakdown and a shorter mix cycle. Therefore, in a factory operation, sometimes segregating TSR10 or TSR20 shipments into “soft” and “hard” categories can improve the efficiency and quality of a factory operation.1.1 This practice covers the sorting of natural rubber bales of TSR10 or TSR20 in the factory according to their predicted processing performance based on differences in viscoelastic properties.1.2 This practice determines which bales should be used in factory compounds which benefit from using "soft" natural rubber versus which work better with "hard" natural rubber.

Standard Practice for Rubber from Natural Sources-Sampling and Sorting Bales Based on Predicted Processing Properties

ASTM D572-04(2009) 用加热法和氧化法进行的橡胶变质的标准试验方法

Rubber and rubber products must resist the deterioration of physical properties with time caused by oxidative and thermal aging. This test method provides a way to assess these performance characteristics of rubber, under certain accelerated conditions as specified. Please refer to the Annex in Test Method D573 for important information on standard compounds used for precision testing for accelerated test aging evaluation.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the relative deterioration resistance of vulcanized rubber in a high temperature and high pressure oxygen environment. There may be no exact correlation between this accelerated test and natural aging of rubber because of the varied conditions of natural aging. This accelerated test is suitable for laboratory compound or product comparisons. Note 18212;For evaluating rubber vulcanizates under less severe conditions more nearly approaching natural aging, the use of Test Methods D573 and D865 is recommended. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific precautionary statement, see Note 2.)

Standard Test Method for Rubber-Deterioration by Heat and Oxygen

ASTM D7050-04(2009) 天然橡胶的标准实施规程-基于预测加工性能的取样和分类

In accordance with Specification D2227, shipments of TSR10 and TSR20 must meet a minimum initial Wallace plasticity (Po) of 30 to be accepted. However, even with this minimum restriction, the uncured viscoelastic or “processability” properties are allowed to vary greatly. This variation in properties can significantly affect the quality and efficiency of a factory operation. Bales of TSR10 or TSR20 which are lower in their uncured elastic quality (“soft” rubber) in some cases may impart better processing properties to tire innerliners, cushion gums, and sidewalls. “Soft” bales sometimes impart better building tack, better mold flow, and lower extrusion die swell with better dimensional stability. Also, these “soft” rubber bales may dissolve faster in solvents for adhesion dipping. Bales of TSR10 or TSR20 that are higher in their uncured elastic quality (“hard” rubber) in some cases generate greater shearing during the initial stages of a factory mix, which result in a faster breakdown and a shorter mix cycle. Therefore, in a factory operation, sometimes segregating TSR10 or TSR20 shipments into “soft” and “hard” categories can improve the efficiency and quality of a factory operation.1.1 This practice covers the sorting of natural rubber bales of TSR10 or TSR20 in the factory according to their predicted processing performance based on differences in viscoelastic properties. 1.2 This practice determines which bales should be used in factory compounds which benefit from using “soft” natural rubber versus which work better with “hard” natural rubber.

Standard Practice for Rubber from Natural Sources-Sampling and Sorting Bales Based on Predicted Processing Properties

ASTM D454-04 用加热及空气压力法测定橡胶变质的标准试验方法

Rubber and rubber products must resist the deterioration of physical properties with time caused by oxidative and thermal aging. This test method allows these performance properties to be determined under the accelerated conditions of high air pressure and at elevated temperatures. Refer to the Annex in Test Method D 573 for important information on standard compounds used for precision testing for accelerated test aging evaluation.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the influence of elevated temperature and air pressure on the physical properties of vulcanized rubber. The results of this test may not give an exact correlation with service performance since performance conditions vary widely. The test may, however, be used to evaluate rubber compounds on a laboratory comparison basis. It will be most applicable to performance under conditions of increased temperature and air pressure.Note 18212;For evaluating rubber vulcanizates under less severe conditions that more nearly approach natural aging, the use of Test Methods D 573 and D 865 is recommended.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration by Heat and Air Pressure

ASTM D1871-04 轮胎钢丝和橡胶间粘结性的标准试验方法

To contribute to the mechanical properties required in a product, tire bead wire must have good adhesion to the rubber matrix. This allows the rubber to absorb part of the energy, distributing it uniformly between the reinforcing material and the rubber compound. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wire since it has been used extensively in the trade for this purpose. This test method may be used for purchase specification requirements or manufacturing control of bead wire. 5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. The characteristics of single filament steel wires that affect the adhesion property are wire diameter, coating composition, and coating mass. The storage conditions, age, and vulcanization conditions of the rubber compound will affect the test results and must be specified by the supplier of the rubber compound.1.1 This test method cover procedures for testing the strength of adhesion of single-filament wire to vulcanized rubber compounds. The method applies to, but is not limited to, wire made from brass, bronze, or zinc coated steel wire. The adhesion strength is expressed as the magnitude of the pull-out force for the single filament of wire.1.2 This test method is applicable to single-filament wires used in reinforced rubber products as single filaments and is normally used to evaluate the adhesion of samples of wire to a standard rubber applied under specified conditions. It is primarily used to evaluate tire bead wire and may be applied, with modifications and by agreement between supplier and customer, to various wire types used in rubber product reinforcing.1.3 This test method is written in SI units. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.5.1.

Standard Test Method for Adhesion Between Tire Bead Wire and Rubber

ASTM D572-04 橡胶的标准试验方法.用加热法和氧化法测定橡胶变质

Rubber and rubber products must resist the deterioration of physical properties with time caused by oxidative and thermal aging. This test method provides a way to assess these performance characteristics of rubber, under certain accelerated conditions as specified. Please refer to the Annex in Test Method D 573 for important information on standard compounds used for precision testing for accelerated test aging evaluation.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the relative deterioration resistance of vulcanized rubber in a high temperature and high pressure oxygen environment. There may be no exact correlation between this accelerated test and natural aging of rubber because of the varied conditions of natural aging. This accelerated test is suitable for laboratory compound or product comparisons.Note 18212;For evaluating rubber vulcanizates under less severe conditions more nearly approaching natural aging, the use of Test Methods D 573 and D 865 is recommended.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific precautionary statement, see Note 2.)

Standard Test Method for Rubber-Deterioration by Heat and Oxygen

ASTM D4678-04(2009)e1 制备,测试,验收,建档和使用橡胶参比物质的标准操作规程

Reference materials are vitally important in product and specification testing, in research and development work, in technical service work, and in quality control operations in the rubber and carbon black industries. They are especially valuable for referee purposes. Categories, Classes, and Types of Reference Materials (RM): Reference materials are divided into two categories: Industry Reference Materials (IRM)8212;Materials that have been prepared according to a specified production process to generate a uniform lot; the parameters that define the quality of the lot are evaluated by a specified measurement program. Common-Source Reference Materials (CRM)8212;Materials that have been prepared to be as uniform as possible but do not have established property (parameter) values; the knowledge of a common or single source is sufficient for certain less critical applications. Industry reference materials (IRMs) are divided into additional classes and types according to the method of evaluating the lot parameters and according to the production process for generating the lot material. These are explained more fully (refer to Annex A3 and Annex A4 for more details on the discussion in Section 3). The following lot parameters are important for reference material use: Accepted Reference Value (AR Value)8212;An average IRM property or parameter value established by way of a specified test program. Test Lot Limits (TL Limits)8212;These are limits defined as ±3 times the standard deviation of individual IRM test results across the entire lot for the property or parameter(s) that defines lot quality; the measurements are conducted in the laboratory of the organization producing the IRM. Although the limits as defined in 3.2.3.2 are given in terms of ±3 times the standard deviation, the rejection of individual portions of the lot as being outlier or non-typical portions in assessing the homogeneity of the lot is done on the basis of ±2 times the appropriate standard deviation, that is, on the basis of a 95 % confidence interval. See Annex A3 and Annex A4 for more information and the evaluation procedures. All IRMs have an AR value and TL limits; however the AR value may be obtained in one of two ways to produce one of two classes of AR values: Global AR Value8212;This AR value is obtained from an interlaboratory test program where the word “global” indicates an average value across many laboratories. Local AR Value8212;This is an AR value obtained in one laboratory or at one location, usually the laboratory responsible for preparation of the homogeneous lot. An additional parameter is of importance for IRMs that have a global AR value: Between-Laboratory Limits (BL)8212;The group of laboratories that conduct interlaboratory testing to establish an AR-value are not equivalent to a system or population typical of industrial production operations that use the usual ±3 standard deviation limits. Such production operations are systems that have been purged of all assignable causes of variation and are in a state of ‘statistical control’

Standard Practice for RubberPreparation, Testing, Acceptance, Documentation, and Use of Reference Materials

ASTM D573-04 橡胶的标准试验方法.热空气干燥炉中测定橡胶变质

Rubber and rubber products must resist the deterioration of physical properties with time caused by oxidative and thermal aging. This test method provides a way to assess these performance characteristics of rubber, under certain accelerated conditions as specified. Please refer to Annex A1 for important information on standard compounds used for precision testing for accelerated test aging evaluation.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the influence of elevated temperature on the physical properties of vulcanized rubber. The results of this test method may not give an exact correlation with service performance since performance conditions vary widely. This test method may, however, be used to evaluate rubber compounds on a laboratory comparison basis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific precautionary statement, see Note 1.)

Standard Test Method for Rubber8212;Deterioration in an Air Oven