83.080.01 (Plastics in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1929-11 塑料燃点温度测定的标准试验方法

Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions. This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.1.1 This fire test response test method covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace. 1.2 CautionDuring the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that may be hazardous to personnel. Adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator. 1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.2 and 1.3. Note 18212;This test method and ISO 871-1996 are identical in all technical details.

Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

ASTM D5947-11 固体塑料样品的物理尺寸的标准试验方法

These test methods shall be used where precise dimensions are necessary for the calculation of properties expressed in physical units. They are not intended to replace practical thickness measurements based on commercial portable tools, nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by the procedures will agree exactly.1.1 These test methods cover determination of the physical dimensions of solid plastic specimens where the dimensions are used directly in determining the results of tests for various properties. Use these test methods except as otherwise required in material specifications. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;This standard and ISO 16012 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.

Standard Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens

ASTM D7711-11e1 聚合物颗粒缺陷描述的标准指南

This guide is intended to provide terminology for both suppliers and users of polymer pellets to ensure mutual understanding in discussions concerning pellet defects. It is not an absolute standard but is to be referred to when issues with the quality and/or description of the polymeric materials arise. The guide is categorized according to the best fit for the term and its description for ease of finding certain description types. Some terms within this guide do not apply to all resin types. It is the user’s responsibility to determine if the term and its subsequent definition are applicable to the material in question. Other terminology relating to polymers that are not included in this document can be found in additional standards such as Terminology D883.1.1 This guide is a compilation of terms used to describe defects of polymeric pellets. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in Terminology D883 or in other readily available sources are not included. 1.2 Not every term is applicable to every type of pellet. Terms which apply to transparent pellets, for example, do not always apply to translucent or opaque pellets. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this guide.

Standard Guide for Description of Polymer Pellet Defects

ASTM D695-10 硬质塑料的抗压性能的标准试验方法

Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made. Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases. Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue. Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. Note 18212;For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1. Note 28212;This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

ASTM D6272-10 四点弯曲法测定非增强和增强塑料和电绝缘材料的挠性特性的标准试验方法

Flexural properties determined by this test method are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes. This test method may be more suited for those materials that do not fail within the strain limits imposed by Test Method D790. The major difference between four point and three point bending modes is the location of the maximum bending moment and maximum axial fiber stress. In four point bending the maximum axial fiber stress is uniformly distributed between the loading noses. In three point bending the maximum axial fiber stress is located immediately under the loading nose. Flexural properties may vary with specimen depth, temperature, atmospheric conditions, and the difference in rate of straining specified in Procedures A and B. Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters covered in the material specification, or both, shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then these default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high-modulus composites and electrical insulating materials in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. These test methods are generally applicable to rigid and semirigid materials. However, flexural strength cannot be determined for those materials that do not break or that do not fail in the outer fibers. This test method utilizes a four point loading system applied to a simply supported beam. 1.2 This test method may be used with two procedures: 1.2.1 Procedure A, designed principally for materials that break at comparatively small deflections. 1.2.2 Procedure B, designed particularly for those materials that undergo large deflections during testing. 1.2.3 Procedure A shall be used for measurement of flexural properties, particularly flexural modulus, unless the material specification states otherwise. Procedure B may be used for measurement of flexural strength. 1.3 Comparative tests may be run according to either procedure, provided that the procedure is found satisfactory for the material being tested. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;This test method is equivalent to ISO 14125 (Method B).

Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by Four-Point Bending

ASTM D7251-10 杂色塑料壁板产品的颜色和外观保持性的标准规范

1.1 This specification establishes requirements and test methods for the color and appearance retention of variegated color plastic siding products. 1.2 Color retention testing provides a method for estimating the acceptability of color change in a siding product over a period of years of service. 1.3 Characterization of color and appearance for variegated colors is complicated by the presence of multiple colors in a random pattern. The procedure is based on using a template to reference six spots for color measurement. 1.4 Methods of indicating compliance with this specification are provided. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Specification for Color and Appearance Retention of Variegated Color Plastic Siding Products

ASTM D1708-10 使用微型抗拉试样测定塑料的抗拉特性的标准试验方法

This test method provides data for quality control and acceptance or rejection under specifications. Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions herein apply. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers certain material specifications for which a history of data has been obtained using the standard microtensile specimen. The specimen geometry has been changed to be equivalent to that of ISO 12086-2:1995. In general, this test method is superseded for general use by either Test Methods D882 or Test Method D638. The very small Type V specimen in Test Method D638 is the recommended specimen when limited amounts of material are available. 1.2 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of plastics in the form of standard microtensile test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. It can be used for specimens of any thickness up to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.), including thin films. 1.3 This test method cannot be used for the determination of modulus of elasticity. For the determination of modulus, see Test Method D638 or Test Methods D882. 1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by Use of Microtensile Specimens

ASTM D2843-10 塑料燃烧或分解生烟的密度的标准试验方法

Tests made on a material under conditions herein prescribed are of considerable value in comparing the relative smoke obscuration characteristics of plastics. This test method serves to determine the extent to which plastic materials are likely to smoke under conditions of active burning and decomposition in the presence of flame. Note 28212;The visual and instrumental observations from this test compare well with the visual observations of the smoke generated by plastic materials when added to a freely burning large outdoor fire. The usefulness of this test procedure is in its ability to measure the amount of smoke obscuration produced in a simple, direct, and meaningful manner under the specified conditions. The degree of obscuration of vision by smoke generated by combustibles is known to be affected by changes in quantity and form of material, humidity, draft, temperature, and oxygen supply.1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a laboratory procedure for measuring and observing the relative amounts of smoke obscuration produced by the burning or decomposition of plastics. It is intended to be used for measuring the smoke-producing characteristics of plastics under controlled conditions of combustion or decomposition. Correlation with other fire conditions is not implied. The measurements are made in terms of the loss of light transmission through a collected volume of smoke produced under controlled, standardized conditions. The apparatus is constructed so that the flame and smoke is observable during the test. 1.2 During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that are potentially hazardous to personnel. Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the operator. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only. 1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions , but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Specific safety warning statements are given in 1.2 and 9.11. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics

ASTM D747-10 悬臂梁法测定塑料的表观弯曲模量的标准试验方法

This test method provides a means of deriving the apparent bending modulus of a material by measuring force and angle of bend of a cantilever beam. The mathematical derivation assumes small deflections and purely elastic behavior. Under actual test conditions, the deformation has both elastic and plastic components. This test method does not distinguish or separate these, and hence a true elastic modulus is not calculable. Instead, an apparent value is obtained and is defined as the apparent bending modulus of the material. The tangent modulus obtained by Test Methods D790 is preferred, when the material can be tested by the Test Methods D790 test procedure. Because of deviations from purely elastic behavior, changes in span length, width, and depth of the specimen will affect the value of the apparent bending modulus obtained; therefore, values obtained from specimens of different dimensions are not necessarily comparable. Rate of loading is controlled only to the extent that the rate of angular change of the rotating jaw is fixed at 58 to 66°/min. Actual rate of stressing will be affected by span length, width, depth of the specimen, and weight of the pendulum. For many materials, there are specifications that require the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. Note 28212;A discussion of the theory of obtaining a purely elastic bending modulus, using a cantilever beam testing apparatus, can be found in Appendix X1. The results obtained under actual test conditions will be the apparent bending modulus.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent bending modulus of plastics by means of a cantilever beam. It is well suited for determining relative flexibility of materials over a wide range. It is particularly useful for materials too flexible to be tested by Test Methods D790. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam

ASTM D1712-09 塑料抗硫化物污染的标准试验方法

Plastic compositions containing salts of lead, cadmium, copper, antimony, and certain other metals (as stabilizers, pigments, driers, or fillers) may stain due to the formation of a metallic sulfide when in contact with external materials that contain sulfide. The external sulfide source may be liquid, solid, or gas. Examples of materials that may cause sulfide stains are rubber, industrial fumes, foods, kraft paper, etc. This practice provides a means of estimating the relative susceptibility of plastic composition to sulfide staining.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance of plastics to staining in the presence of sulfides. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 6. Note 18212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Staining

ASTM D1712-09(2014) 塑料抗硫化染色的标准实施规程

4.1 Plastic compositions containing salts of lead, cadmium, copper, antimony, and certain other metals (as stabilizers, pigments, driers, or fillers) may stain due to the formation of a metallic sulfide when in contact with external materials that contain sulfide. The external sulfide source may be liquid, solid, or gas. Examples of materials that may cause sulfide stains are rubber, industrial fumes, foods, kraft paper, etc. This practice provides a means of estimating the relative susceptibility of plastic composition to sulfide staining. 1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance of plastics to staining in the presence of sulfides. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 6. Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Staining

ASTM D1525-09 塑料维卡(Vicat)软化温度的标准试验方法

Data obtained by this test method is used to compare the heat-softening qualities of thermoplastic materials. This test method is useful in the areas of quality control, development, and characterization of plastic materials.1.1 This test method covers determination of the temperature at which a specified needle penetration occurs when specimens are subjected to specified controlled test conditions. 1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, nonrigid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), or other materials having a wide Vicat softening range. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 Due to the potential safety and environmental hazards associated with mercury-filled thermometers, the use of alternative temperature measuring devices (such as thermocouples and RTDs) is encouraged. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;This test method is equivalent to ISO 306 in all sections with the exceptions of the allowance for creep, prior to the beginning of the test and the allowance of the fluidized powder as a heat transfer medium.

Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics

ASTM D6980-09 用重量损失法测定塑料中湿度的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use as a control, acceptance, and assessment test. Moisture can seriously affect the processability of plastics. It is possible that high moisture content will cause surface imperfections (that is, splay or bubbling) or degradation by hydrolysis. Low moisture (with high temperature) has been known to cause solid phase polymerization. The physical properties of some plastics are greatly affected by the moisture content.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of moisture by means of loss in weight technology down to 50 ppm as it applies to most plastics. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 Specimens tested in this method can reach or exceed 250°C, use caution when handling them after testing has been completed. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Test Method for Determination of Moisture in Plastics by Loss in Weight

ASTM D5225-09 用差动粘度计测量聚合物溶液粘度的标准试验方法

Solution viscosity values for polymers are related to the average molecular size of that portion of the polymer which dissolves in the solvent. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solution viscosity of polymers using a differential or the modified differential viscometer. It is applicable to all polymers that dissolve completely without chemical reaction or degradation to form solutions that are stable with time and temperature. Results of the test are usually expressed as specific viscosity, intrinsic viscosity (limiting viscosity number), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), or relative viscosity (viscosity ratio). 1.2 Since there is more than one type of viscometer available to measure a differential pressure, follow the manufacturer’s directions applicable to the equipment being used. 1.3 The solution viscosity values are comparable with those obtained using a glass capillary of Test Method D 2857. This test method differs from the glass capillary in that the solvent and the solution are compared at the same time that a test is run. With a glass capillary, each solution must be referenced back to the solvent run in the same capillary at the same temperature. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8. Note 18212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Solution Viscosity of Polymers with a Differential Viscometer

ASTM D5048-09 利用125mm火焰测量固态塑料比较燃烧特性和抗烧穿性的标准试验方法

The test results represent afterflame plus afterglow time, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test. The test results for plaques also indicate whether or not the specified flame will burn through a material. The effect of material thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable. The burning characteristics vary with thickness. Compare test data with data for materials of similar thickness only. The results serve as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and can be an aid in material selection. In this test method, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame. Note 18212;This test method is equivalent to IEC 60695-11-20. Note 28212;For additional information on comparative burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position, see Test Method D 3801. 1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment. 1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products. 1.4 If found to be appropriate, it is suitable to apply the requirements to other nonmetallic materials. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee. 1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when used as materials for building construction or finishing. 1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1.1 for a specific hazard statement.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame

ASTM D6288-09 试验前回收塑料的清洗和分离的标准实施规程

Dirt, paper and mixtures of polymeric materials complicate the interpretation of data from procedures used to identify and, if desired, quantify the contaminants in recycled plastics.1.1 The practice describes a procedure for separating recycled plastics based on their color (for example, green versus colorless) and a procedure for washing dirty, ground plastic which results in separation of light materials (density < 1.00 g/cm3). This practice is not intended to represent generic washing procedures used in the plastics recycling industry. The described procedures are solely for preparation of plastic samples for use in other analytical tests. The procedure includes a room temperature wash step to facilitate separation of paper (for example, labels) followed by washing at an elevated temperature. Note 18212;Although not presented as a quantitative method, the procedure presented in this practice may be used to provide quantitative results. The user assumes the responsibility to verify the reproducibility of quantitative results. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 28212;There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.

Standard Practice for Separation and Washing of Recycled Plastics Prior to Testing

ASTM E2092-09 用热力学分析方法对三点弯曲度上变形温度的标准试验方法

Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the conditions of time, temperature, method of loading, and stress are similar to those specified in the test. This standard is particularly suited for quality control and development work. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting endurance at elevated temperatures.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the temperature at which the specific modulus of a test specimen is realized by deflection in three-point bending. This temperature is identified as the distortion temperature measured. The distortion temperature is that temperature at which a test specimen of defined geometry deforms to a level of strain under applied stress of 0.455 (Method A) and 1.82 MPa (Method B) (66 and 264 psi) equivalent to those used in Test Method D 648. The test may be performed over the range of temperature from ambient to 300°C. Note 18212;This test method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Method D 648 but are performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using a smaller test specimen. Equivalence of results to those obtained by Test Method D 648 has been demonstrated on a limited number of materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this test method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated to those of Test Method D 648. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.

Standard Test Method for Distortion Temperature in Three-Point Bending by Thermomechanical Analysis

ASTM D2863-09 支持塑料蜡烛状燃烧的最小氧浓度测量的标准试验方法（氧指数）

This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied. In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. 1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index. 1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1). 1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3. 1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically. 1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3. Note 18212;Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein. 1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10. 1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Note 28212;This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement. TABLE 1 Test Specimen Dimensions Test Specimen TypeADimensionsMaterial Form Length, mmWidth, mm

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

ASTM D3763-08 使用负载和位移传感器的塑料高速穿刺性能的标准测试方法

This test method is designed to provide load versus deformation response of plastics under essentially multiaxial deformation conditions at impact velocities. This test method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the material to impact. Multiaxial impact response, while partly dependent on thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation with specimen thickness. Therefore, results should be compared only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless specific responses versus thickness formulae have been established for the material. For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture properties of rigid plastics over a range of test velocities. 1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;This specification does not closely conform to ISO 6603.2. The only similarity between the two tests is that they are both instrumented impact tests. The differences in striker, fixture, and specimen geometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different test results.

Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors

ASTM D696-08 用玻璃硅膨胀计测定塑料在-30℃和30℃之间的线性热膨胀的标准试验方法

The coefficient of linear thermal expansion, α, between temperatures T1 and T2 for a specimen whose length is L 0 at the reference temperature, is given by the following equation: where L1 and L2 are the specimen lengths at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively. α is, therefore, obtained by dividing the linear expansion per unit length by the change in temperature. The nature of most plastics and the construction of the dilatometer make −30 to +30°C (−22°F to +54°F) a convenient temperature range for linear thermal expansion measurements of plastics. This range covers the temperatures in which plastics are most commonly used. Where testing outside of this temperature range or when linear thermal expansion characteristics of a particular plastic are not known through this temperature range, particular attention shall be paid to the factors mentioned in 1.2 and special preliminary investigations by thermo-mechanical analysis, such as that prescribed in Practice D 4065 for the location of transition temperatures, may be required to avoid excessive error. Other ways of locating phase changes or transition temperatures using the dilatometer itself may be employed to cover the range of temperatures in question by using smaller steps than 30°C (54°F) or by observing the rate of expansion during a steady rise in temperature of the specimen. Once such a transition point has been located, a separate coefficient of expansion for a temperature range below and above the transition point shall be determined. For specification and comparison purposes, the range from −30°C to +30°C (−22°F to +86°F) (provided it is known that no transition exists in this range) shall be used. 1.1 This test method covers determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic materials having coefficients of expansion greater than 1 × 10−6/°C by use of a vitreous silica dilatometer. At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic materials shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate or both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements. Note 18212;There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 1.1.1 Test Method E 228 shall be used for temperatures other than −30°C to 30°C. 1.1.2 This test method shall not be used for measurements on materials having a very low coefficient of expansion (less than 1 × 10−6/°C). For materials having very low coefficient of expansion, interferome......

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30176C and 30176C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer