83.080.01 (Plastics in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2863-06a 测量维持塑料蜡类燃烧所需最低氧浓度的标准试验方法(氧指数)

This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied. In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see ).1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m 3.Note 1Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section .Note 2This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in , with direct oxygen concentration measurement.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

ASTM D4065-06 塑料的标准实施规程:动态机械特性:程序测定和报告

Dynamic mechanical testing provides a method for determining elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature, frequency or time, or both. A plot of the elastic modulus and loss modulus of material versus temperature provides a graphical representation of elasticity and damping as a function of temperature or frequency. This procedure can be used to locate transition temperatures of plastics, that is, changes in the molecular motions of a polymer. In the temperature ranges where significant changes occur, elastic modulus decreases rapidly with increasing temperature (at constant or near constant frequency) or increases with increasing frequency (at constant temperature). A maximum is observed for the loss modulus, as well as for the tan delta curve, in the transition region. This procedure can be used, for example, to evaluate by comparison to known reference materials or control materials: 5.3.1 Degree of phase separation in multicomponent systems, 5.3.2 Filler type, amount, pretreatment, and dispersion, and 5.3.3 Effects of certain processing treatment. This procedure can be used to determine the following: 5.4.1 Stiffness of polymer composites, especially as a function of temperature, 5.4.2 Degree of polymer crystallinity, and 5.4.3 Magnitude of triaxial stress state in the rubber phase of rubber modified polymers. This procedure is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research. Procedural modifications in material specifications take precedence to this practice. Therefore, consult the appropriate material specification before using this practice. Table 1 of Classification System D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and reporting dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory practice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic mechanical analyzers or dynamic thermomechanical analyzers.1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determining the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration techniques. Plots of elastic and loss moduli are indicative of the viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition regions.1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a range of temperatures from 160C to polymer degradation and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa [73 psi to 1.5 10 7 psi].1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when obtained under differing experimental conditions. Without changing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained will enable apparent differences observed in another study to be reconciled. An assumption of this technique is that testing is conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.1.6 Different modes of deformation, such as tensile, bending and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are f......

Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures

ASTM D5947-06 固体塑料样品物理尺寸的标准试验方法

These test methods shall be used where precise dimensions are necessary for the calculation of properties expressed in physical units. They are not intended to replace practical thickness measurements based on commercial portable tools, nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by the procedures will agree exactly.1.1 These test methods cover determination of the physical dimensions of solid plastic specimens where the dimensions are used directly in determining the results of tests for various properties. Use these test methods except as otherwise required in material specifications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens

ASTM D3763-06 用载荷和位移传感器测试塑料的高速穿孔特性的标准试验方法

This test method is designed to provide load versus deformation response of plastics under essentially multiaxial deformation conditions at impact velocities. This test method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the material to impact. Multiaxial impact response, while partly dependent on thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation with specimen thickness. Therefore, results should be compared only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless specific responses versus thickness formulae have been established for the material. For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture properties of plastics, including films, over a range of test velocities.1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1This specification does not closely conform to ISO 6603.2. The only similarity between the two tests is that they are both instrumented impact tests. The differences in striker, fixture, and specimen geometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different test results.

Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors

ASTM D1525-06 塑料维卡(Vicat)软化温度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the temperature at which a specified needle penetration occurs when specimens are subjected to specified controlled test conditions.1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, nonrigid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), or other materials having a wide Vicat softening range. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1This test method and ISO 306:1987(E) are technically equivalent, with the exception of the allowance for creep, prior to beginning the test, in this test method.

Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics

ASTM D1708-06 用微力拉伸塑料测量塑料的拉伸特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers certain material specifications for which a history of data has been obtained using the standard microtensile specimen. The specimen geometry has been changed to be equivalent to that of ISO 12086-2:1955. In general, this test method is superseded for general use by either Test Methods D 882 or Test Method D 638. The very small Type V specimen in Test Method D 638 is the recommended specimen when limited amounts of material are available.1.2 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of plastics in the form of standard microtensile test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. It can be used for specimens of any thickness up to 3.2 mm [1/8 in.], including thin films.1.3 This test method cannot be used for the determination of modulus of elasticity. For the determination of modulus, see Test Method D 638 or Test Methods D 882.1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.There is no equivalent or similar ISO standard.

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by Use of Microtensile Specimens

ASTM D4459-06 室内用要求曝露于氙弧灯的塑料标准实施规程

This practice is intended to simulate the effects produced by exposure to solar radiation through glass. This practice uses exposure in a xenon-arc device equipped with window glass filters and operated in accordance with Practices G 151 and G 155. Note 28212;Practice D 4674 describes exposures in a device that uses a combination of fluorescent “cool white” and ultraviolet (UV) lamps to simulate the effects of exposures to indoor fluorescent light and window glass filtered daylight. Warning8212;Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practice must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice. Note 38212;Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141. Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G 155. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, temperature and humidity control, and condition and age of the burner and filters. Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.3 ,4 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for exposure of plastics in window glass-filtered xenon-arc devices in accordance with Practices G 151 and G 155 for evaluating the stability of plastics intended for use in indoor applications.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1 - There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.

Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Indoor Applications

ASTM D1708-06a 用微力拉伸塑料测量塑料的拉伸特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers certain material specifications for which a history of data has been obtained using the standard microtensile specimen. The specimen geometry has been changed to be equivalent to that of ISO 12086-2:1955. In general, this test method is superseded for general use by either Test Methods D 882 or Test Method D 638. The very small Type V specimen in Test Method D 638 is the recommended specimen when limited amounts of material are available.1.2 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of plastics in the form of standard microtensile test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. It can be used for specimens of any thickness up to 3.2 mm [1/8 in.], including thin films.1.3 This test method cannot be used for the determination of modulus of elasticity. For the determination of modulus, see Test Method D 638 or Test Methods D 882.1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.There is no equivalent or similar ISO standard.

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by Use of Microtensile Specimens

ASTM D5026-06(2014)e1 塑料的标准试验方法: 动力机械性能: 拉伸

5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained may be used for quality control, research and development, as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions. 5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions. 5.3 This test method can be used to assess: 5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature, 5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency, 5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, 5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping, 5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus, and 5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance. 5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply. 1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments. 1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system. 1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically fr......

Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension

ASTM D1042-06 加速操作状态下塑料线性尺寸变化的标准试验方法

This test method is intended only as a convenient test method for measurement of linear dimensional changes in plastics subjected to defined conditions of test as outlined in Sections 7 and 8.1.1 This test method is designed to provide a means for measuring in plastic specimens the dimensional changes resulting from exposure to service conditions. In particular, this test method is suitable for measuring shrinkage or elongation developed under specific oven and water conditionings.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1There is no similar or comparable ISO standard.

Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Plastics Under Accelerated Service Conditions

ASTM D2863-06 支持塑料蜡烛状燃烧的最小氧浓度测量的标准试验方法（氧指数）

1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see ).1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m 3.Note 1Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section .Note 2This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in , with direct oxygen concentration measurement.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

ASTM D7210-06 萃取聚烯烃塑料添加剂的标准实施规程

Separation and identification of additives used in the manufacture of polyolefin plastics is necessary in order to correlate performance properties with polymer composition. This practice provides guidelines for extracting phenolic antioxidants, phosphite antioxidants, UV stabilizers, antistatic agents, and slip additives, from milled polyolefin plastics . Water bath shakers and steam-reflux Soxhlet extraction techniques have also been used to successfully remove additives from polyolefin plastics.1.1 This practice covers a variety of extraction techniques for antioxidant and slip additives used in polyolefins. Typically, the extracted additives are separated and quantified using a chromatographic technique such as the procedure explained in Test Method D 6953. Chromatographic analysis of the extracts is not included in this practice.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Practice for Extraction of Additives in Polyolefin Plastics

ASTM D2583-06 用巴科尔压痕器测定硬质塑料压印硬度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of both reinforced and nonreinforced rigid plastics using a Barcol Impressor, Model No. 934-1 and Model No. 935.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.

Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor

ASTM D4508-06 塑料碎片冲击强度的标准试验方法

1.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide an impact test that can be performed on small specimens of plastics of different thicknesses. This test method is especially suited for observing the effects of microcracks caused by weathering, or by exposure to solvents or other hostile environments, on the surface of plastic materials. It is not meant to be used as a replacement for any existing impact test, but can be used to measure impact on coupons machined from finished parts that cannot be tested by the drop-weight, Izod, or Charpy method because of shape or thickness limitations.1.2 The chip-impact test is run on small, flat, unnotched specimens using a standard pendulum-impact device. The test places the impacted surface in tension and, for notch-sensitive materials, is extremely sensitive to the presence of surface microcracks. Thus, for plastics that develop surface cracks when exposed outdoors, the chip-impact test is a severe test of the weathered impact strength. 1.3 Round-robin testing has indicated that materials that break at total energy values of less than 0.17 joules [1.5 in.-lbf] have within-laboratory coefficients of variation of approximately 30 %. Therefore, such values are considered out of the normal testing range for this test. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.5 There is no ISO equivalent to this test method.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chip Impact Strength of Plastics

ASTM D1499-05 塑料用滤光明火碳弧型曝光装置的标准实施规程

The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. (Warning8212;Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.) Note 28212;Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141. Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.4 ,5 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results. Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G 152. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and conditions of the electrodes.1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for exposure of plastics in filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted in accordance with Practices G 151 and G 152. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test condition suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc exposures of plastics, which had been allowed in Practice D 1499. Enclosed carbon-arc exposures of plastics are described in Practice D 6360, and in G 153, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in enclosed carbon-arc devices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 18212;This practice is technically equivalent to ISO 4892-4.

Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics

ASTM D6226-05 硬质多孔塑料的开孔含量的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to be used in specifications where porosity of cellular plastics has a direct bearing on their end use. For example, for thermal insulation applications, a high percentage of closed cells is necessary to prevent escape of gases and to promote low thermal conductivity. In flotation applications, high closed-cell content generally reduces water absorption. Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or both, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This test method covers cellular plastics, which are composed of membranes or walls of polymer separating small cavities or cells. These cells may be interconnecting (open cell), non-connecting (closed cell), or any combination of these types. This test method determines numerical values for open cells. It is a porosity determination, measuring the accessible cellular volume of a material. The remaining volume is that occupied by closed cells and cell walls. Since any conveniently sized specimen can only be obtained by some cutting operation, a fraction of the closed cells will be opened by specimen preparation and will be included as open cells, (see Note 2).1.2 This test method provides good accuracy on predominantly highly open-celled materials. By not accounting for closed cells that were opened during specimen preparation, the accuracy decreases as the closed cell content increases and as the cell size increases.1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in brackets are given for reference only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 18212;This test method and ISO 4590-1981 use the same basic principles but are significantly different in experimental detail.Note 28212;Two procedures for correcting for cells opened during specimen preparation are described in Appendix X1.1.

Standard Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics

ASTM D1435-05 塑料的室外风化的标准操作规程

Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are used to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when they are exposed outdoors. The relative durability of plastics in outdoor use can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. It cannot be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates that represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended. 4.1.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to get an average test result for a given location. The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an indication of relative outdoor performance, but they should not be used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a material. The results of tests conducted for less than twelve months will depend on the particular season of the year in which they begin.1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for the exposure of plastic materials to weather. Note 1See Practice G 24 for aging under glass.1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the material is to be exposed and the general procedure to be followed. It is intended for use with finished articles of commerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of test specimens.1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use for the test material.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard and ISO 877.2-1991, Method A, are technically equivalent.

Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics

ASTM D7191-05 用相对湿度传感器测定塑料中湿度的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use as a control, acceptance, and assessment test. Moisture can seriously affect the processability of plastics. It is possible that high moisture content will cause surface imperfections (that is, splay or bubbling) or degradation by hydrolysis. Low moisture (with high temperature) has been known to cause solid phase polymerization. The physical properties of some plastics are greatly affected by the moisture content.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water down to 20 ppm in plastics using a relative humidity sensor.1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 Specimens tested in this test method can reach or exceed 250176;C, use caution when handling them after testing has completed.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Moisture in Plastics by Relative Humidity Sensor

ASTM D4364-05 用集中自然光进行塑料的户外加速老化试验的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the use of Fresnel-reflecting concentrators that use the sun as a source of ultraviolet (UV) and longer wavelength radiation. Such devices are used in the outdoor accelerated exposure testing of plastics.1.2 This practice provides a procedure for performing outdoor accelerated exposure testing of plastics using a Fresnel-reflector outdoor accelerated weathering test machine. The apparatus is described herein and in Practice G 90 more completely.1.3 This practice is applicable to a range of plastic materials including, but not limited to, plastic films, sheets, laminates, and extruded and molded products in a variety of shapes and sizes, as specified in .1.4 This practice describes test conditions that attempt to simulate plastics exposures in desert and subtropical climates. Specimen preparation, property testing procedures, and the evaluation of results are covered in existing test methods or specifications for specific materials.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .Note 1This standard and ISO 877.2-1991, Method C, are technically equivalent.

Standard Practice for Performing Outdoor Accelerated Weathering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated Sunlight

ASTM D7132-05 测定挤制聚苯乙烯泡沫材料中留存发泡剂的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of retained blowing agent in extruded polystyrene foam.1.2 This test method applies to organic blowing agents which lend themselves to a convenient analysis by gas chromatography. The method is not applicable to blowing agents such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or water.1.3 There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Retained Blowing Agent in Extruded Polystyrene Foam