83.080.01 (Plastics in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1435-05 塑料的室外风化的标准操作规程

Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are used to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when they are exposed outdoors. The relative durability of plastics in outdoor use can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. It cannot be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates that represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended. 4.1.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to get an average test result for a given location. The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an indication of relative outdoor performance, but they should not be used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a material. The results of tests conducted for less than twelve months will depend on the particular season of the year in which they begin.1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for the exposure of plastic materials to weather. Note 1See Practice G 24 for aging under glass.1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the material is to be exposed and the general procedure to be followed. It is intended for use with finished articles of commerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of test specimens.1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use for the test material.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard and ISO 877.2-1991, Method A, are technically equivalent.

Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics

ASTM D7191-05 用相对湿度传感器测定塑料中湿度的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use as a control, acceptance, and assessment test. Moisture can seriously affect the processability of plastics. It is possible that high moisture content will cause surface imperfections (that is, splay or bubbling) or degradation by hydrolysis. Low moisture (with high temperature) has been known to cause solid phase polymerization. The physical properties of some plastics are greatly affected by the moisture content.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water down to 20 ppm in plastics using a relative humidity sensor.1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 Specimens tested in this test method can reach or exceed 250176;C, use caution when handling them after testing has completed.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Moisture in Plastics by Relative Humidity Sensor

ASTM D4508-05 塑料碎片冲击强度的标准试验方法

1.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide an impact test that can be performed on small specimens of plastics of different thicknesses. This test method is especially suited for observing the effects of microcracks caused by weathering, or by exposure to solvents or other hostile environments, on the surface of plastic materials. It is not meant to be used as a replacement for any existing impact test, but can be used to measure impact on coupons machined from finished parts that cannot be tested by the drop-weight, Izod, or Charpy method because of shape or thickness limitations.1.2 The chip-impact test is run on small, flat, unnotched specimens using a standard pendulum-impact device. The test places the impacted surface in tension and, for notch-sensitive materials, is extremely sensitive to the presence of surface microcracks. Thus, for plastics that develop surface cracks when exposed outdoors, the chip-impact test is a severe test of the weathered impact strength. 1.3 Round-robin testing has indicated that materials that break at total energy values of less than 0.17 joules [1.5 in.-lbf] have within-laboratory coefficients of variation of approximately 30 %. Therefore, such values are considered out of the normal testing range for this test. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. 1.5 There is no ISO equivalent to this test method.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chip Impact Strength of Plastics

ASTM D6226-05 硬质多孔塑料的开孔含量的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to be used in specifications where porosity of cellular plastics has a direct bearing on their end use. For example, for thermal insulation applications, a high percentage of closed cells is necessary to prevent escape of gases and to promote low thermal conductivity. In flotation applications, high closed-cell content generally reduces water absorption. Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or both, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This test method covers cellular plastics, which are composed of membranes or walls of polymer separating small cavities or cells. These cells may be interconnecting (open cell), non-connecting (closed cell), or any combination of these types. This test method determines numerical values for open cells. It is a porosity determination, measuring the accessible cellular volume of a material. The remaining volume is that occupied by closed cells and cell walls. Since any conveniently sized specimen can only be obtained by some cutting operation, a fraction of the closed cells will be opened by specimen preparation and will be included as open cells, (see Note 2).1.2 This test method provides good accuracy on predominantly highly open-celled materials. By not accounting for closed cells that were opened during specimen preparation, the accuracy decreases as the closed cell content increases and as the cell size increases.1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in brackets are given for reference only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 18212;This test method and ISO 4590-1981 use the same basic principles but are significantly different in experimental detail.Note 28212;Two procedures for correcting for cells opened during specimen preparation are described in Appendix X1.1.

Standard Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics

ASTM D6400-04 可合成塑料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers plastics and products made from plastics that are designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities.1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of materials and products, including packaging made from plastics, as "compostable in municipal and industrial composting facilities."1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if plastics and products made from plastics will compost satisfactorily, including biodegrading at a rate comparable to known compostable materials. Further, the properties in the specification are required to assure that the degradation of these materials will not diminish the value or utility of the compost resulting from the composting process.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 18212;No equivalent ISO specifications exist for this standard.

Standard Specification for Compostable Plastics

ASTM D6954-04(2013) 氧化和生物降解组合的环境中暴露和测试塑料降解的标准指南

5.1 This guide is a sequential assembly of extant but unconnected standard tests and practices for the oxidation and biodegradation of plastics, which will permit the comparison and ranking of the overall rate of environmental degradation of plastics that require thermal or photooxidation to initiate degradation. Each degradation stage is independently evaluated to allow a combined evaluation of a polymer???s environmental performance under a controlled laboratory setting. This enables a laboratory assessment of its disposal performance in, soil, compost, landfill, and water and for use in agricultural products such as mulch film without detriment to that particular environment.Note 5???For determining biodegradation rates under composting conditions, Specification D6400 is to be used, including test methods and conditions as specified. 5.2 The correlation of results from this guide to actual disposal environments (for example, agricultural mulch films, composting, or landfill applications) has not been determined, and as such, the results should be used only for comparative and ranking purposes. 5.3 The results of laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to estimate absolute rate of deterioration by the environment because the acceleration factor is material dependent and can be significantly different for each material and for different formulations of the same material. However, exposure of a similar material of known outdoor performance, a control, at the same time as the test specimens allows comparison of the durability relative to that of the control under the test conditions. 1.1 This guide provides a framework or road map to compare and rank the controlled laboratory rates of degradation and degree of physical property losses of polymers by thermal and photooxidation processes as well as the biodegradation and ecological impacts in defined applications and disposal environments after degradation. Disposal environments range from exposure in soil, landfill, and compost in which thermal oxidation may occur and land cover and agricultural use in which photooxidation may also occur. 1.2 In this guide, established ASTM International standards are used in three tiers for accelerating and measuring the loss in properties and molecular weight by both thermal and photooxidation processes and other abiotic processes (Tier 1), measuring biodegradation (Tier 2), and assessing ecological impact of the products from these processes (Tier 3). 1.3 The Tier 1 conditions selected for thermal oxidation and photooxidation accelerate the degradation likely to occur in a chosen application and disposal environment. The conditions should include a range of humidity or water concentrations based on the application and disposal environment in mind. The measured rate of degradation at typical oxidation temperatures is required to compare and rank the polymers being evaluated in that chosen application to reach a molecular weight that constitutes a demonstrable biodegradable residue (using ASTM International biometer tests for CO2 evolution appropriate to the chosen environment). By way of example, accelerated oxidation data must be obtained at temperatures and humidity ranges ty......

Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation

ASTM D5675-04 含氟聚合物微粉的标准规范

1.1 This classification system provides a method of adequately identifying PTFE micropowders using a system consistent with that of Classification System D 4000. It further provides a means for specifying these materials by the use of a simple line callout designation. This classification covers fluoropolymer micropowders that are used as lubricants and as additives to other materials in order to improve lubricity or to control other characteristics of the base material. 1.2 These powders are sometimes known as lubricant powders. The powders usually have a much smaller particle size than those used for molding or extrusion, and they generally are not processed alone. The test methods and properties included are those required to identify and specify the various types of fluoropolymer micropowders. Recycled fluoropolymer materials meeting the detailed requirements of this classification are included (see Guide D 5033).1.3 These micropowders and the materials designated as filler powders (F) in ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2 are equivalent.1.4 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI 10 are to be regarded as standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.1.2.

Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer Micropowders

ASTM D4508-04a 塑料的破碎冲击强度的标准试验方法

1.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide an impact test that can be performed on small specimens of plastics of different thicknesses. This test method is especially suited for observing the effects of microcracks caused by weathering, or by exposure to solvents or other hostile environments, on the surface of plastic materials. It is not meant to be used as a replacement for any existing impact test, but can be used to measure impact on coupons machined from finished parts that cannot be tested by the drop-weight, Izod, or Charpy method because of shape or thickness limitations.1.2 The chip-impact test is run on small, flat, unnotched specimens using a standard pendulum-impact device. The test places the impacted surface in tension and, for notch-sensitive materials, is extremely sensitive to the presence of surface microcracks. Thus, for plastics that develop surface cracks when exposed outdoors, the chip-impact test is a severe test of the weathered impact strength. 1.3 Round-robin testing has indicated that materials that break at total energy values of less than 0.17 joules [1.5 in.-lbf] have within-laboratory coefficients of variation of approximately 30 %. Therefore, such values are considered out of the normal testing range for this test. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. 1.5 There is no ISO equivalent to this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chip Impact Strength of Plastics

ASTM D4508-04 塑料的破碎冲击强度的标准试验方法

1.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide an impact test that can be performed on small specimens of plastics of different thicknesses. This test method is especially suited for observing the effects of microcracks caused by weathering, or by exposure to solvents or other hostile environments, on the surface of plastic materials. It is not meant to be used as a replacement for any existing impact test, but can be used to measure impact on coupons machined from finished parts that cannot be tested by the drop-weight, Izod, or Charpy method because of shape or thickness limitations.1.2 The chip-impact test is run on small, flat, unnotched specimens using a standard pendulum-impact device. The test places the impacted surface in tension and, for notch-sensitive materials, is extremely sensitive to the presence of surface microcracks. Thus, for plastics that develop surface cracks when exposed outdoors, the chip-impact test is a severe test of the weathered impact strength. 1.3 Round-robin testing has indicated that materials that break at total energy values of less than 0.17 joules [1.5 in.-lbf] have within-laboratory coefficients of variation of approximately 30 %. Therefore, such values are considered out of the normal testing range for this test. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. 1.5 There is no ISO equivalent to this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chip Impact Strength of Plastics

ASTM E2347-04 使用热机分析法测试压痕软化温度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that soften upon heating to a modulus less than 6.0 MPa. This test method describes the determination of the temperature at which the specific modulus of either 6.65 (Method A) or 33.3 MPa (Method B) (equivalent to Test Method D 1525) of a test specimen is realized by indentation measurement using a thermomechanical analyzer as the test specimen is heated. This temperature is identified as the indentation softening temperature. The test may be performed over the temperature range of ambient to 300C.Note 18212;This test method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Method D 1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using a smaller diameter indenting probe. Equivalence of results to those obtained by Test Method D 1525 has been demonstrated on a limited number of materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this Test Method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated to those of Test Method D 1525.1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) and other materials having a large measurement imprecision (see Test Method D 1525 and sections and ).1.3 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis and reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test method may be used.Note 28212;Since all electronic data treatments are not equivalent, the user shall verify equivalency to this test method.1.4 SI values are the standard.1.5 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis

ASTM D6954-04 氧化和生物降解组合的环境中暴露和测试塑料降解的标准指南

This guide is a sequential assembly of extant but unconnected standard tests and practices for the oxidation and biodegradation of plastics, which will permit the comparison and ranking of the overall rate of environmental degradation of plastics that require thermal or photooxidation to initiate degradation. Each degradation stage is independently evaluated to allow a combined evaluation of a polymer’s environmental performance under a controlled laboratory setting. This enables a laboratory assessment of its disposal performance in, soil, compost, landfill, and water and for use in agricultural products such as mulch film without detriment to that particular environment. Note 58212;For determining biodegradation rates under composting conditions, Specification D 6400 is to be used, including test methods and conditions as specified. The correlation of results from this guide to actual disposal environments (for example, agricultural mulch films, composting, or landfill applications) has not been determined, and as such, the results should be used only for comparative and ranking purposes. The results of laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to estimate absolute rate of deterioration by the environment because the acceleration factor is material dependent and can be significantly different for each material and for different formulations of the same material. However, exposure of a similar material of known outdoor performance, a control, at the same time as the test specimens allows comparison of the durability relative to that of the control under the test conditions.1.1 This guide provides a framework or road map to compare and rank the controlled laboratory rates of degradation and degree of physical property losses of polymers by thermal and photooxidation processes as well as the biodegradation and ecological impacts in defined applications and disposal environments after degradation. Disposal environments range from exposure in soil, landfill, and compost in which thermal oxidation may occur and land cover and agricultural use in which photooxidation may also occur.1.2 In this guide, established ASTM International standards are used in three tiers for accelerating and measuring the loss in properties and molecular weight by both thermal and photooxidation processes and other abiotic processes (Tier 1), measuring biodegradation (Tier 2), and assessing ecological impact of the products from these processes (Tier 3).1.3 The Tier 1 conditions selected for thermal oxidation and photooxidation accelerate the degradation likely to occur in a chosen application and disposal environment. The conditions should include a range of humidity or water concentrations based on the application and disposal environment in mind. The measured rate of degradation at typical oxidation temperatures is required to compare and rank the polymers being evaluated in that chosen application to reach a molecular weight that constitutes a demonstrable biodegradable residue (using ASTM International biometer tests for CO2 evolution appropriate to the chosen environment). By way of example, accelerated oxidation data must be obtained at temperatures and humidity ranges typical in that chosen application and disposal environment, for example, in soil (20 to 30176;C), landfill (20 to 35176;C), and composting facilities (30 to 65176;C). For applications in soils, local temperatures and humidity ranges must be considered as they vary widely with geography. At least one temperature must be reasonably close to the end use or disposal temperature, but under no circumstances should this be more than 20176;C away from the removed that temperature. It must also be established that the polymer does not undergo a phase change, such as glass transition......

Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation

ASTM D648-04 在挠曲负荷下塑料边缘位置弯曲温度的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which an arbitrary deformation occurs when specimens are subjected to an arbitrary set of testing conditions. 1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials available in thicknesses of 3 mm ( 1/8 in.) or greater and which are rigid at normal temperature. Note 18212;Sheet stock less than 3 mm (0.125 in.) but more than 1 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness may be tested by use of a composite sample having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The laminae must be of uniform stress distribution. One type of composite specimen has been prepared by cementing the ends of the laminae together and then smoothing the edges with sandpaper. The direction of loading shall be perpendicular to the edges of the individual laminae. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 28212;The test method described as a Method B of this test method, and test methods Ae and Be of ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2, 1993 are technically equivalent.

Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position

ASTM E2113-04 热机分析仪长度变化校正的标准试验方法

Performance verification or calibration is essential to the accurate determination of quantitative dimension change measurements. This method may be used for instrument performance validation, regulatory compliance, research and development and quality assurance purposes.1.1 This method describes calibration of the length change (deflection) measurement or thermal expansion of thermomechanical analyzers (TMA) within the temperature range from -150 to 1000 C using the thermal expansion of a suitable reference material.1.2 SI values are the standard.1.3 This method differs from ISO standard 11359-1 by providing an alternative calibration procedure. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers

ASTM D5947-03 固体塑料样品物理尺寸的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover determination of the physical dimensions of solid plastic specimens where the dimensions are used directly in determining the results of tests for various properties. Use these test methods except as otherwise required in material specifications. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens

ASTM D638-03 塑料抗拉特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the form of standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.1.2 This test method can be used for testing materials of any thickness up to 14 mm [0.55 in.]. However, for testing specimens in the form of thin sheeting, including film less than 1.0 mm [0.04 in.] in thickness, Test Methods D 882 is the preferred test method. Materials with a thickness greater than 14 mm [0.55 in.] must be reduced by machining.1.3 This test method includes the option of determining Poisson's ratio at room temperature. Note 18212;This test method and ISO 527-1 are technically equivalent. Note 28212;This test method is not intended to cover precise physical procedures. It is recognized that the constant rate of crosshead movement type of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, that wide differences may exist between rate of crosshead movement and rate of strain between gage marks on the specimen, and that the testing speeds specified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test specimens, which are permitted by these procedures, produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional tests should be used where more precise physical data are needed.Note 38212;This test method may be used for testing phenolic molded resin or laminated materials. However, where these materials are used as electrical insulation, such materials should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D 229 and Test Method D 651.Note 48212;For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus >20-GPa [>3.0 10 6-psi] fibers, tests shall be made in accordance with Test Method D 3039/D 3039M.1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics

ASTM F619-03(2008) 医用塑料制品萃取的标准实施规程

These extraction procedures are the initial part of several test procedures used in the biocompatibility screening of plastics used in medical devices. The limitations of the results obtained from this practice should be recognized. The choice of extraction vehicle, duration of immersion, and temperature of the test is necessarily arbitrary. The specification of these conditions provides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide to investigators wishing to compare the relative resistance of various plastics to extraction vehicles. Correlation of test results with the actual performance or serviceability of materials is necessarily dependent upon the similarity between the testing and end-use conditions (see 12.1.2 and Note 4). Caution should be exercised in the understanding and intent of this practice as follows: No allowance or distinction is made for variables such as end-use application and duration of use. Decisions on selection of tests to be done should be made based on Practice F 748. This practice was originally designed for use with nonporous, solid materials. Its application for other materials, such as those that are porous, or absorptive, or resorptive, should be considered with caution. Consideration should be given to altering the specified material to liquid ratio to allow additional liquid to fully hydrate the material and additional liquid or other methods to fully submerge the test article. Additional procedures that fully remove the extract liquid from the test article, such as pressure or physically squeezing the material, should also be considered as appropriate. Although no definitions are given in this practice for the following terms, such items as extraction vehicle surface tension at the specified extraction condition and plastic specimen physical structure should be taken into account. Test Methods D 543, D 570, and D 1239 may be useful in providing supplemental information.1.1 This practice covers methods of extraction of medical plastics and may be applicable to other materials. This practice identifies a method for obtaining “extract liquid” for use in determining the biological response in preclinical testing. Further testing of the “extract liquid” is specified in other ASTM standards. The extract may undergo chemical analysis as part of the preclinical evaluation of the biological response, and the material after extraction may also be examined. 1.2 This practice may be used for, but is not limited to the following areas: partial evaluation of raw materials, auditing materials within the manufacturing process, and testing final products. This practice may also be used as a referee method for the measurement of extractables in plastics used in medical devices. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Extraction of Medical Plastics

ASTM D3418-03 用差示扫描量热法测定聚合物转变温度的标准试验方法

Thermal analysis provides a rapid method for measuring transitions due to morphological or chemical changes, in a polymer as it is heated/cooled through a specified temperature range. Change in specific heat capacity, heat flow and temperature values are determined for these transitions. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to assist in identifying specific polymers, polymer alloys, and certain polymer additives, which exhibit thermal transitions. Chemical reactions that cause or affect certain transitions have been measured with the aid of this technique; such reactions include oxidation, curing of thermosetting resins, and thermal decomposition. This test method is useful for specification acceptance, process control, and research.1.1 This test method covers determination of transition temperatures and enthalpies of fusion and crystallization of polymers by differential scanning calorimetry.p>Note 18212;True heats of fusion are to be determined in conjunction with structure investigation, and frequently, specialized crystallization techniques are needed.1.2 This test method is applicable to polymers in granular form or to any fabricated shape from which it is possible to cut appropriate specimens.1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from the cryogenic region to 600176;C. Certain equipment allows the temperature range to be extended.1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard.Note 28212;This test method does not apply to all types of polymers as written (see 6.8).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 38212;This standard is similar but not equivalent to ISO 11357-1, -2, -3. The ISO procedures provide additional information not supplied by this test method.

Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

ASTM G176-03(2009) 用环形结构块磨损测试－累积磨损法对塑料抗滑动磨损性分等的试验方法

The significance of this test method in any overall measurement program directed toward a service application will depend on the relative match of test conditions to the conditions of the service application. This test method prescribes the test procedure and method of calculating and reporting data for determining the sliding wear resistance of plastics, using cumulative volume loss. The intended use of this test is for coarse screening of plastics in terms of their resistance to sliding wear.1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of plastics to sliding wear. The test utilizes a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine to rank plastics according to their sliding wear characteristics against metals or other solids. 1.2 An important attribute of this test is that it is very flexible. Any material that can be fabricated into, or applied to, blocks and rings can be tested. Thus, the potential materials combinations are endless. In addition, the test can be run with different gaseous atmospheres and elevated temperatures, as desired, to simulate service conditions. 1.3 Wear test results are reported as the volume loss in cubic millimetres for the block and ring. Materials of higher wear resistance will have lower volume loss. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastics to Sliding Wear using Block-on-Ring Wear Test8212;Cumulative Wear Method

ASTM D696-03 用玻璃硅膨胀计测定塑料在-30℃和30℃之间的线性热膨胀的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic materials having coefficients of expansion greater than 1 x 106 1176;C by use of a vitreous silica dilatometer. At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic materials shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate or both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements. Note 18212;There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.1.1 Test Method E 228 shall be used for temperatures other than 30176;C to 30176;C. 1.1.2 This test method shall not be used for measurements on materials having a very low coefficient of expansion (less than 1 x 10 6 1176;C). For materials having very low coefficient of expansion, interferometer or capacitance techniques are recommended. 1.2 The thermal expansion of a plastic is composed of a reversible component on which are superimposed changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes and other factors. This test method is intended for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of these factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give only an approximation to the true thermal expansion. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30176C and 30176C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer

ASTM D1505-03 用密度梯度法测定塑料密度的标准试验方法

The density of a solid is a conveniently measurable property which is frequently useful as a means of following physical changes in a sample, as an indication of uniformity among samples, and a means of identification. This test method is designed to yield results accurate to better than 0.05 %. Note 38212;Where accuracy of 0.05 % or better is desired, the gradient tube shall be constructed so that vertical distances of 1 mm shall represent density differences no greater than 0.0001 g/cm.3 The sensitivity of the column is then 0.0001 g/cm3·mm. Where less accuracy is needed, the gradient tube shall be constructed to any required sensitivity.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of solid plastics.1.2 This test method is based on observing the level to which a test specimen sinks in a liquid column exhibiting a density gradient, in comparison with standards of known density.Note 18212;The comparable ISO document is ISO 1183-2. There has not been any data generated to date comparing the results of the ISO method with this method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique