87.040 (Paints and varnishes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1644-01(2006) 清漆中不挥发物含量的标准试验方法

These test methods are applicable to varnish and are useful to producers and users in determining nonvolatile content and are sometimes an appropriate measure of the film-forming matter in varnish.1.1 These test methods determine the fraction of a varnish that is nonvolatile at the temperature of the test while volatile solvents are driven off. It is sometimes an approximate measure of the film-forming matter in a varnish.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific statement, see Section .

Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes

ASTM D2248-01 有机涂层耐洗涤剂性能的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance to failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes when immersed in a detergent solution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes

ASTM D5031-01 使用封闭碳弧光灯曝露仪对涂料及有关涂层进行试验的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in enclosed carbon arc devices operated according to Practices G 151 and G 153. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results. describes commonly used test conditions.Note 1--Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 153, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in enclosed carbon-arc devices.1.2 This practice does not cover filtered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D 822. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D 3361, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open flame or enclosed carbon arcs.Note 2--Practice D 3361 requires use of open-flame carbon-arc apparatus with automatic humidity control.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of Paint and Related Coatings

ASTM D2248-01a 有机涂层耐洗涤剂性能的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance to failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes when immersed in a detergent solution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes

ASTM D4141-01 进行涂层黑箱和阳光集中暴露试验的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure procedures for evaluating the exterior durability of coatings applied to substrates.1.2 The two procedures are as follows:1.2.1 Procedure A--Black Box Exposure.1.2.2 Procedure B-- has been deleted from this practice.1.2.3 Procedure C--Fresnel Reflector Rack Exposure.Note 1--Procedure B described a Heated Black Box procedure that is no longer in common use.1.3 This standard does not cover all the procedures that are available to the user for accelerating the outdoor exposure of coatings. Other procedures have been used in order to provide a particular effect; however, the two procedures described here are widely used.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings

ASTM D3361-01(2006) 用非滤光碳弧型装置测定涂料和有关涂层的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in unfiltered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Practice G 151. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results.Note 1Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources.1.2 This practice covers unfiltered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, and covers the exposure cycle that has been commonly referred to as the "dew cycle." Practice D 822 describes filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices, and Practice D 5031 describes enclosed carbon-arc exposures. The radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than either filtered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

ASTM D6736-01 试验方法

Interior flat paints may become burnished in areas where clothing or upholstered furniture rub against a wall. This rubbing may cause a smoother, glossier surface at the contacted area, depending on the level or type of pigments in the paint and binder hardness. This method permits a more quantitative estimate of burnish resistance than those using manual rubbing techniques.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the resistance of latex paints to burnishing under dry conditions.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Burnish Resistance of Latex Paints

ASTM D1644-01(2012) 清漆中非挥发性含量的标准试验方法

Significance and UseTop Bottom 2.1 These test methods are applicable to varnish and are useful to producers and users in determining nonvolatile content and are sometimes an appropriate measure of the film-forming matter in varnish. 1.1 These test methods determine the fraction of a varnish that is nonvolatile at the temperature of the test while volatile solvents are driven off. It is sometimes an approximate measure of the film-forming matter in a varnish. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific statement, see Section 3.

Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes

ASTM D822-01(2006) 用经过过滤的明光碳弧曝光装置测定涂料及相关涂层的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Practices G 151 and G 152. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results. describes commonly used test conditions.Note 1Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 152, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in filtered open flame carbon-arc devices.1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D 5031. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D 3361, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

ASTM D1006-01 木材表面涂料的室外暴露试验标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures to be followed for direct exposure of house and trim paints on new, previously unpainted wood materials to the environment. When originators of a weathering test have the actual exposure conducted by a separate agency, the specific conditions for the exposure of test and control specimens should be clearly defined and mutually agreed upon between all parties. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood

ASTM D5286-01(2011) 喷涂施工的涂料在一般生产条件下传送效率测定的标准试验方法

Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, these test methods can be used to optimize paint application processes.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent. 1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids deposited on the painted part. 1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint sprayed. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 18212;These test methods apply to general plant production equipment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined in Test Method D5066. Note 28212;The relationship between volatile organic compound emission rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-01, referenced in Test Method D5066 does not apply to general production facilities. Note 38212;A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not represent the entire process. Note 48212;The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be representative of normal operating conditions. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7, and 10.3.1. Note 58212;These test methods have not been adopted by federal regulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints

ASTM D2248-01a(2013) 有机涂层耐洗涤剂性能的标准实施规程

3.1 Any effects such as color change, blistering. loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and noted. 1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance to failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes when immersed in a detergent solution. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes

ASTM D333-01(2013) 透明漆和着色漆的标准指南

3.1 These test methods are intended to compile as well as provide screening tests in evaluating clear and pigmented lacquers as used in different coating operations. 3.2 Each coating system may contain from a simple one coat operation to a multicoat finishing system. 3.3 The substrates may be varied, ferrous and non ferrous, plastic or wood which can affect the performance of a given coating system. 3.4 Substrate cleaning, chemically or physically, is an essential and critical aspect to the performance of the coating system. 3.5 Results from the various tests are not necessarily all useful in evaluating the performance of the different types of coating systems used on the many varied substrates. 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing lacquers and lacquer coatings. The test methods included are listed in Table 1. Note 1—In accordance with Terminology D16, a lacquer is defined as a coating composition that is based on synthetic thermoplastic filmforming material dissolved in organic solvent(s) and that dries primarily by solvent evaporation. Typical lacquers include those based on nitrocellulose, other cellulose derivatives, vinyl resins, acrylic resins, etc.Note 2—Lacquers may be applied under such diverse conditions, to so many different surfaces, and their dried films may be subjected to so many kinds of wear and exposure that it is not possible to assure desired performance from a single selection of test methods and numerical results therefrom. Those skilled in lacquer technology may find partial assurance of obtaining desired qualities in various types of lacquers through careful selection of the methods covered herein and intelligent interpretation of results therefrom.Note 3—It is intended ultimately to remove all experimental procedures from Test Methods D333 and to establish them as a guide to the selection of test methods for lacquer and perhaps to interpretation of results therefrom. Temporarily there remain in Test Methods D333 a few tests that are too short or otherwise presently unsuitable for establishment under separate ASTM designations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers

ASTM E1753-01 干漆膜中铅含量检测用定性化学抽查试验工具标准规程

1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films

ASTM D2248-01a(2007) 有机涂层的耐洗涤剂性能的标准规范

Any effects such as color change, blistering. loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and noted.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance to failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes when immersed in a detergent solution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes

ASTM E1645-01 热板法或微波溶解法连续分析铅含量用干漆样品制备的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the sample preparation procedures for paint samples that are collected during the assessment, management or control of lead hazards.1.2 This practice describes the digestion procedures using a hot plate or microwave oven or apparatus for paint samples that are to be analyzed for lead content.1.3 This practice covers the general considerations for quantitative sample extraction for total recoverable lead in dried paint samples (either bulk paint or paint powder) using hot plate or microwave heating techniques, or both.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.1.6 This practice is based on two NIOSH Methods, 7082 and 7105, and on an EPA standard operating procedure for lead in paint.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.2.4.4 and 7.2.1.

Standard Practice for the Preparation of Dried Paint Samples by Hotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis

ASTM D2369-01e1 覆层中挥发物含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the weight percent volatile content of solventborne and waterborne coatings. Test specimens are heated at 110 + 5oC for 60 min.Note 1--The coatings used in these round-robin studies represented air-dried, air-dried oxidizing, heat-cured baking systems, and also included multicomponent paint systems.1.2 Sixty minutes at 110 + 5oC is a general purpose test method based on the precision obtained with both solventborne and waterborne coatings (see Section 9). These coatings (single package, heat cured) are commonly applied in factories to automobiles, metal containers, flat (coil) metal and large appliances, and many other metal parts.1.3 This test method is viable for coatings wherein one or more parts may, at ambient conditions, contain liquid coreactants that are volatile until a chemical reaction has occurred with another component of the multi-package system.Note 2--Committee D01 has run round-robin studies on volatiles of multicomponent paint systems. The only change in procedure is to premix the weighed components in the correct proportions and allow the specimens to stand at room temperature for 1 h prior to placing them into the oven.1.4 This test method may not be applicable to all types of coatings. Other procedures may be substituted with mutual agreement between the producer and the user. Note 3--If unusual decomposition or degradation of the specimen occurs during heating, the actual time and temperature used to cure the coating in practice may be substituted for the time and temperature specified in this test method, subject to mutual agreement between the producer and the user. The U.S. EPA Reference Method 24 specifies 110 + 5oC for 1 h for coatings.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific hazard statement see 7.4.1.

Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

ASTM D6486-01(2011) 汽车涂层的短期车辆设备暴露标准操作规程

Since the exposure of automotive coatings to the various mechanical and chemical stresses encountered in actual operations, is very opportunistic, obtaining statistically significant data from which valid conclusions can be drawn, requires rigorous attention to the experimental designs and conditions of exposure. 1.1 This practice covers the protocol for vehicle service exposure testing of automotive coatings. Such exposure testing is valuable for the verification of the performance of automotive coatings and correlation with laboratory test data. Vehicle service exposure is intended to provide short term (2 to 20 weeks) exposure to the stress factors associated with vehicle operation. Factors included are scratch, mar, impact, stone chipping, insect impact, bird dropping, tree sap and staining, environmental fallout, etc. Note 18212;Vehicle service exposure is not intended to provide the conditions that are needed for characterizing the long term effects of weathering or corrosion exposure. 1.2 The exposure conditions are produced by the placement of multiple test panels of automotive finishes on automotive test fleets that traverse a defined road course. Exposure to the operating environment can be 20 h/day, 7 days/week allowing for accumulation of over 100 000 miles in 10 weeks of exposure. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Short Term Vehicle Service Exposure of Automotive Coatings

ASTM D822-01 用经过过滤的明光碳弧曝光装置测定涂料及相关涂层的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Practices G 151 and G 152. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results. describes commonly used test conditions.Note 1--Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 152, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in filtered open flame carbon-arc devices.1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D 5031. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D 3361, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

ASTM D5201-01 计算涂料和涂料的配方物理常数的标准实践

1.1 This practice describes procedures commonly used in the paint industry to formulate paints and coating materials. It describes procedures for calculating formulation values for weight solids, volume solids, solvent content, volatile organic compound (VOC) content, and density of liquid paints and coatings. These values are calculated from basic formulation data. These calculations may be related to either as-supplied (unreduced) or as-applied (reduced) coating materials, including multicomponent types.1.2 These calculated, formulation-based values may or may not be acceptable for VOC regulatory purposes, depending on the specific wording of the applicable regulation. Some regulations require analysis of the coating. Some rules allow the use of formulation data, however, some adjustments may be needed to the values calculated in this practice before they are used for regulatory purposes (see 4.3).Note 1--Where required, use EPA Reference Method 24 and ASTM standards listed, or state regulatory requirements (see EPA 450/3-88-018 and 40 CFR 51.100).1.3 For purposes of this practice, it is assumed that solvents evaporate and the materials that remain are identified as coating solids. For example, solvents are normally used to adjust viscosity for application and appearance of the coating. Other liquid materials, such as plasticizers, that are expected to be retained in the dried film to affect the final physical properties should be classified as part of the coating solids. Standards such as Test Methods D2369, D4758 and Guide D2832 may be used to determine volatile or nonvolatile content of specific components. For purposes of this practice it is assumed that the blended formulation behaves as an ideal solution with no volume change on mixing (see 6.2).1.4 Volatile by-products of cross-linking reactions (cure volatiles) are not considered in these calculations since the object of this practice is to define paint physical constants based on formulation information. Variations in raw materials and variations in the production processes are not taken into account in these calculations.1.5 The values shown in this method are stated in English inch-pound units as commonly used in the United States. However, they may be readily converted into SI units, if required by the user (for example, see Note 3).1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard for this specific practice. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Practice for Calculating Formulation Physical Constants of Paints and Coatings