87.040 (Paints and varnishes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2697-03(2014) 清漆或者色漆中不挥发物体积的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is intended to provide a measure of the volume of dry coating obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is useful for comparing the coverage (square feet of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit volume) obtainable with different coating products. 4.2 For various reasons the value obtained may not be equal to that predicted from simple additivity of the weights and volumes of the raw materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredients: such contraction or expansion in resin solutions is governed by a number of factors, one of which is the extent and direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin and solvent. 4.3 The spatial configuration of the pigment particles and the degree to which the spaces between the pigment particles are filled with the binder also affect the volume of a dry coating formulation. Above the critical pigment volume concentration, the apparent volume of the dry film is significantly greater than theoretical due to the increase in unfilled voids between pigment particles. The use of volume nonvolatile matter values in such instances should be carefully considered as the increased volume is largely due to air trapped in these voids. 1.1 This test method is believed to be applicable to the determination of the volume of nonvolatile matter of a variety of coatings. An interlaboratory study to establish the precision of this test method included a water-reducible exterior latex paint and three automotive coatings that included a solvent-reducible primer surfacer, water reducible primer surfacer, water reducible enamel topcoat, and acrylic dispersion lacquer topcoat. Earlier collaborative studies included a gloss enamel, a flat wall paint, a gloss house enamel, an industrial baking enamel, an interior latex paint, and an exterior latex paint. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings

ASTM D6990-03 船上涂覆系统耐生物附着性和物理特性评价的标准实施规程

1.1 This method establishes a practice for evaluating degree of biofouling settlement on and physical performance of marine coating systems when panels coated with such coating systems are subjected to immersion conditions in a marine environment. Guidance for preparation or exposure and handling of test specimens can be found in related ASTM standards as noted below (see Section 2).1.2 This practice and related exposure methodologies are designed as tools for the relative assessment of coating performance, and in no way are to be used as an absolute indicator of long-term performance under all conditions and in all environments. There can be high variability among and within exposure sites with respect to water quality and population or species of fouling organisms, and coating performance may vary with these and other properties.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in Section 6.

Standard Practice for Evaluating Biofouling Resistance and Physical Performance of Marine Coating Systems

ASTM D3730-03 高性能结构内墙面饰层试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of test methods for high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC) that differ from more conventional coatings by being tougher, more stain-resistant, more abrasion-resistant and, ordinarily, designed to be applied to wall surfaces of steel, masonry (poured concrete, concrete block, or cinder block), and plaster or gypsum wallboard. The tests that are listed in are designed to measure performance properties. These tests may not all be required for each HIPAC system. Selection of the test methods to be followed must be governed by experience and the requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between the purchaser and the seller.1.2 High-performance architectural coatings are tough, extra-durable organic coating systems that are applied as a continuous (seamless) film and cure to a hard finish. The finish can be high gloss, semigloss, or low gloss as desired. These coatings are resistant to persistent heat, humidity, abrasion, staining, chemicals, and fungus growth. They are used in areas where humidity, wear, or unusual chemical resistance requirements, particularly to soiling, are required and where strong detergents are used to maintain sanitary conditions. Halls and stairways in public buildings, lavatories, stall showers, locker areas, animal pens, and biological laboratories are typical applications. In addition, food processing plants, dairies, restaurants, schools, and transport terminals frequently use HIPAC systems. These are effective in many areas of building interiors compared with tile and are of low materials and maintenance costs. They are used as a complete system only as recommended by the manufacturer since the individual coats in a system are formulated to be compatible with each other. HIPAC systems should be applied only to properly prepared surfaces such as steel or masonry, including cinder blocks and cement blocks. They can be applied over plaster and gypsum wallboard. Ordinarily, a prime or fill coat, if required, is part of the system.1.3 While they are excellent for walls, HIPAC are not usually intended for ceilings and floors. They would not ordinarily be used in homes, although parents with small children might want to use HIPAC coatings on some walls.1.4 The types of resin ordinarily used are the following: epoxy-polyamide, two-package; polyester-epoxy, two-package; polyurethane, one-package or two-package. However, other resin types are not excluded provided they can meet the requirements (performance specifications) laid down by the purchaser.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see the note in 7.6.

Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings

ASTM D2697-03 透明或着色涂层中不挥发物体积的标准测试方法

This test method is intended to provide a measure of the volume of dry coating obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is useful for comparing the coverage (square feet of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit volume) obtainable with different coating products. For various reasons the value obtained may not be equal to that predicted from simple additivity of the weights and volumes of the raw materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredients: such contraction or expansion in resin solutions is governed by a number of factors, one of which is the extent and direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin and solvent. The spatial configuration of the pigment particles and the degree to which the spaces between the pigment particles are filled with the binder also affect the volume of a dry coating formulation. Above the critical pigment volume concentration, the apparent volume of the dry film is significantly greater than theoretical due to the increase in unfilled voids between pigment particles. The use of volume nonvolatile matter values in such instances should be carefully considered as the increased volume is largely due to air trapped in these voids.1.1 This test method is believed to be applicable to the determination of the volume of nonvolatile matter of a variety of coatings. An interlaboratory study to establish the precision of this test method included a water-reducible exterior latex paint and three automotive coatings that included a solvent-reducible primer surfacer, water reducible primer surfacer, water reducible enamel topcoat, and acrylic dispersion lacquer topcoat. Earlier collaborative studies included a gloss enamel, a flat wall paint, a gloss house enamel, an industrial baking enamel, an interior latex paint, and an exterior latex paint.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings

ASTM D4752-03 用溶剂擦试法测定硅酸乙酯(无机)富锌底漆耐甲乙酮的标准试验方法

Ethyl silicate zinc-rich primers cure by the reaction of the vehicle with moisture, thereby providing a binder. As relative humidity and temperature vary during the day, so does the rate of cure. A certain minimum degree of cure is necessary prior to topcoating. It has been shown that the degree of cure of ethyl silicate zinc-rich primers can be measured by the chemical changes occurring using diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy.2 This solvent rub test has been shown to correlate well with the infrared spectroscopic results of some two-component ethyl silicate inorganic zinc systems. The cure rating required for the application of specific topcoats must be agreed upon before the test method is used.1.1 This test method describes a solvent rub technique for assessing the MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers. The MEK resistance of some two-component ethyl silicate zinc-rich primers has been shown to correlate well with the cure of the primer as determined by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy. The technique can be used in the laboratory, field, or in the fabricating shop. Practice D 5402 is the preferred method for organic coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6. Consult supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet(s) for specific hazard information relating to the solvent used.

Standard Test Method for Measuring MEK Resistance of Ethyl Silicate (Inorganic) Zinc-Rich Primers by Solvent Rub

ASTM D5146-03 溶媒型建筑涂料试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing solvent-borne coatings to be used on exterior, interior or both types of surfaces (see Note 1). The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in Table 1 and Table 2. Note 18212;The term "architectural coating" as used here combines the definition in Terminology D 16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings Dictionary, as follows: "Organic coatings intended for on-site application to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often called Trade Sales Coatings." Note 28212;Architectural coatings that are designed to give better performance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and more stain- and abrasion-resistant are covered by Guide D 3730.1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are as follows:(1)Type 1 Interior Low-Gloss Wall Finish, (2)Type 2 Interior Gloss and Semigloss Wall and Trim Enamels,(3)Type 3 Exterior House and Trim Coatings, and(4)Type 4 Floor Enamel, Exterior and/or Interior. 1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling, spraying, or other means to the materials appropriate for its type, which may include wood, plaster, wallboard, masonry, steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architectural substrates.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings

ASTM D2369-03 覆层中挥发物含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the weight percent volatile content of solventborne and waterborne coatings. Test specimens are heated at 110 177; 5176;C for 60 min. The coatings used in these round-robin studies represented air-dried, air-dried oxidizing, heat-cured baking systems, and also included multicomponent paint systems.1.2 Sixty minutes at 110 177; 58212;C is a general purpose test method based on the precision obtained with both solventborne and waterborne coatings (see Section 9). These coatings (single package, heat cured) are commonly applied in factories to automobiles, metal containers, flat (coil) metal and large appliances, and many other metal parts.1.3 This test method is viable for coatings wherein one or more parts may, at ambient conditions, contain liquid coreactants that are volatile until a chemical reaction has occurred with another component of the multi-package system. Note 18212;Committee D01 has run round-robin studies on volatiles of multicomponent paint systems. The only change in procedure is to premix the weighed components in the correct proportions and allow the specimens to stand at room temperature for 1 h prior to placing them into the oven.1.4 Test Method D 5095 for Determination of the Nonvolatile Content in Silanes, Siloxanes and Silane-Siloxane Blends Used in Masonry Water Repellent Treatments is the standard method for nonvolatile content of these types of materials.1.5 Test Methods D 5403 for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials is the standard method for determining nonvolatile content of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.1.6 Test Method D 6419 for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks is the method of choice for these types of printing inks.1.7 This test method may not be applicable to all types of coatings. Other procedures may be substituted with mutual agreement between the producer and the user. Note 28212;If unusual decomposition or degradation of the specimen occurs during heating, the actual time and temperature used to cure the coating in practice may be substituted for the time and temperature specified in this test method, subject to mutual agreement between the producer and the user. The U.S. EPA Reference Method 24 specifies 110 177; 5176;C for 1 h for coatings.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see 7.4.1.

Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

ASTM D5325-03 测定水基型(压力罐装)喷雾涂料中挥发物重量百分比的标准试验方法

Calculation of the weight percent volatile organic content of water-borne paints, requires that the water content be known. This test method provides a direct way to determine the weight percent volatile organic matter of water-borne aerosol paints minus the matter content. This test method is modeled after Method 364 .1.1 This test method is for the determination of the weight percent volatile content of water-borne paints in aerosols.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Weight Percent Volatile Content of Water-Borne Aerosol Paints

ASTM D4834-03(2008) 用直接吸气的原子吸收光谱法测定涂料中铅的标准试验方法

Current U.S. regulations restrict the amount of lead that may be present in consumer paint products to less than 0.06 % based on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid means for screening paints to determine compliance with those regulations. The test method may be adjusted to meet regulations with a different limit on lead content.1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % lead. The test described can differentiate between 0.05 and 0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be analyzed quantitatively for lead using Test Method D 3335. This test method provides a more definitive and reliable screening test than Test Method D 3618. 1.2 There is no reason to believe that higher levels of lead could not be determined by this test method provided that appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D5201-03 清漆和涂料物理常数的计算方程式的标准使用方法

1.1 This practice describes procedures commonly used in the paint industry to formulate paints and coating materials. It describes procedures for calculating formula values for weight solids, volume solids, solvent content, volatile organic compound (VOC) content, and density of liquid paints and coatings. These values are calculated from basic formulation data. These calculations may be related to either as-supplied (unreduced) or as-applied (reduced) coating materials, including multicomponent types.1.2 These calculated, formula-based values may or may not be acceptable for VOC regulatory purposes, depending on the specific wording of the applicable regulation. Some regulations require analysis of the coating. Some rules allow the use of formula data, however, some adjustments may be needed to the values calculated in this practice before they are used for regulatory purposes (see 4.3).1.3 For purposes of this practice, it is assumed that volatile components evaporate and the materials that remain are identified as coating solids. For example, solvents are normally used to adjust viscosity for application and appearance of the coating. Other liquid materials, such as plasticizers, reactive diluents, etc., that are expected to be retained in the dried film to affect the final physical properties should be classified as part of the coating solids. Standards such as Test Methods D 2369, D 4758 and Guide D 2832 may be used to determine volatile or nonvolatile content of specific components. For purposes of this practice it is assumed that the blended formulation behaves as an ideal solution with no volume change on mixing (see 6.2).1.4 Volatile by-products of cross-linking reactions (cure volatiles) are not considered in these calculations since the object of this practice is to define paint physical constants based on formula information. Variations in raw materials, variations in the production processes, test methods, and test method accuracy are not taken into account in these calculations.1.5 The values shown in this method are stated in English inch-pound units as commonly used in the United States. However, they may be readily converted into SI units, if required by the user (for example, see Note 4).1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard for this specific practice. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Practice for Calculating Formulation Physical Constants of Paints and Coatings

ASTM D6900-03 将乳胶涂料湿粘合到光泽醇酸磁漆底层的标准试验方法

After application to either interior or exterior surfaces, latex paints may be subjected to conditions of high humidity, condensation, or precipitation. This may sometimes lead to a loss of adhesion to the substrate over which they have been applied. This method is a quantitative measure of the adhesion of latex paints to glossy substrates under such conditions.1.1 This method covers a procedure for measuring by scrubbing the adhesion of latex paints to glossy alkyd enamel substrates after exposure to wet conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Wet Adhesion of Latex Paints to a Gloss Alkyd Enamel Substrate

ASTM D3170-03(2007) 覆层耐切割的标准试验方法

Owners consider chipping of coatings, particularly on the leading faces and edges of automobile surfaces, unacceptable. In formulating a coating or coating system to meet service requirements, the resistance to chipping damage by flying objects such as gravel is one of the properties of importance since it can vary considerably as other properties are adjusted. Since resistance to chipping decreases at lower temperatures partly as the result of decreased flexibility, the test may be more directly related to service conditions by performing it at a low temperature. This test method is designed to produce a controlled amount of impact by the media on the coated panel in order to enhance reproducibility.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of coatings to chipping damage by stones or other flying objects. Note 1 - This test method is similar to SAE J-400.1.2 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The English units given in parentheses are for information only. All dimensions are nominal unless otherwise specified.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings

ASTM D5201-03a 清漆和涂料物理常数的计算方程式的标准使用方法

1.1 This practice describes procedures commonly used in the paint industry to formulate paints and coating materials. It describes procedures for calculating formula values for weight solids, volume solids, solvent content, volatile organic compound (VOC) content, and density of liquid paints and coatings. These values are calculated from basic formulation data. These calculations may be related to either as-supplied (unreduced) or as-applied (reduced) coating materials, including multicomponent types.1.2 These calculated, formula-based values may or may not be acceptable for VOC regulatory purposes, depending on the specific wording of the applicable regulation. Some regulations require analysis of the coating. Some rules allow the use of formula data, however, some adjustments may be needed to the values calculated in this practice before they are used for regulatory purposes (see 4.3).1.3 For purposes of this practice, it is assumed that volatile components evaporate and the materials that remain are identified as coating solids. For example, solvents are normally used to adjust viscosity for application and appearance of the coating. Other liquid materials, such as plasticizers, reactive diluents, etc., that are expected to be retained in the dried film to affect the final physical properties should be classified as part of the coating solids. Standards such as Test Methods D 2369, D 4758 and Guide D 2832 may be used to determine volatile or nonvolatile content of specific components. For purposes of this practice it is assumed that the blended formulation behaves as an ideal solution with no volume change on mixing (see 6.2).1.4 Volatile by-products of cross-linking reactions (cure volatiles) are not considered in these calculations since the object of this practice is to define paint physical constants based on formula information. Variations in raw materials, variations in the production processes, test methods, and test method accuracy are not taken into account in these calculations.1.5 The values shown in this method are stated in English inch-pound units as commonly used in the United States. However, they may be readily converted into SI units, if required by the user (for example, see Note 4).1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard for this specific practice. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Practice for Calculating Formulation Physical Constants of Paints and Coatings

ASTM D3911-03 设计基本事故(DBA)的模拟条件下评价轻水核电站用涂层的标准试验方法

This test method is designed to provide a uniform test to determine the suitability of Coating Service Level 1 coatings used inside primary containment of light-water nuclear facilities under simulated DBA conditions. This test method is intended only to demonstrate that under DBA conditions, the coatings will remain intact and not form debris which could unacceptably compromise the operability of engineered safety systems. Deviations in actual surface preparation and in application and curing of the coating materials from qualification test parameters require an engineering evaluation to determine if additional testing is required. Since different plants have different tolerance levels for coating conditions, the definition of appropriate acceptance criteria is to be developed by the license holder based on individual plant engineered safety systems operability considerations.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for evaluating protective coating systems test specimens under simulated DBA conditions. Included are a description of conditions and apparatus for temperature-pressure testing, and requirements for preparing, irradiating, testing, examining, evaluating, and documenting the samples.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound and degrees F units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Coatings Used in Light-Water Nuclear Power Plants at Simulated Design Basis Accident (DBA) Conditions

ASTM D2199-03(2007) 增塑剂从乙烯基织物迁移至喷漆的测量用标准试验方法

Plasticizers in finished vinyl fabric can be transferred to coatings with which they come in contact. When this takes place, objectionable marring and softening occur. This test method covers an accelerated test for measurement of this tendency.1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test for the measurement of a tendency for plasticizers in finished vinyl fabric to be transferred to coatings with which they come in contact. Note 1 - Age of fabric sample may affect results of test. To ensure most reliable results, test with fabric sample closest in age to what will be coated.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Plasticizer Migration From Vinyl Fabrics to Lacquers

ASTM D5098-03 画家用丙烯酸乳化漆的标准规范

1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This pertains only to the test method section found in Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Dispersion Paints

ASTM D5145-03 电泳涂漆液非挥发物质和颜料含量的标准试验方法

The nonvolatile content and pigment content are measures of total solids and inorganic pigment solids, respectively, in electrocoat paints. In addition to production quality control, these properties are important in maintaining electrocoat baths in the optimum range. Other test methods for determining nonvolatile content of paint and paint related materials are described in Guide D 2832.1.1 These test methods cover the characterization of electrocoat baths through the determination of nonvolatile content of inorganic pigment content.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile and Pigment Content of Electrocoat Baths

ASTM D2697-03(2008) 透明或着色涂层中不挥发物体积的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to provide a measure of the volume of dry coating obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is useful for comparing the coverage (square feet of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit volume) obtainable with different coating products. For various reasons the value obtained may not be equal to that predicted from simple additivity of the weights and volumes of the raw materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredients: such contraction or expansion in resin solutions is governed by a number of factors, one of which is the extent and direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin and solvent. The spatial configuration of the pigment particles and the degree to which the spaces between the pigment particles are filled with the binder also affect the volume of a dry coating formulation. Above the critical pigment volume concentration, the apparent volume of the dry film is significantly greater than theoretical due to the increase in unfilled voids between pigment particles. The use of volume nonvolatile matter values in such instances should be carefully considered as the increased volume is largely due to air trapped in these voids.1.1 This test method is believed to be applicable to the determination of the volume of nonvolatile matter of a variety of coatings. An interlaboratory study to establish the precision of this test method included a water-reducible exterior latex paint and three automotive coatings that included a solvent-reducible primer surfacer, water reducible primer surfacer, water reducible enamel topcoat, and acrylic dispersion lacquer topcoat. Earlier collaborative studies included a gloss enamel, a flat wall paint, a gloss house enamel, an industrial baking enamel, an interior latex paint, and an exterior latex paint. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings

ASTM D5200-03(2008)e1 测定气溶胶瓶中溶剂型漆挥发物质重量百分比的标准试验方法

This test method is the procedure of choice for determining the volatile content in aerosol coatings under specified test conditions modeled after Method 35. The inverse value, nonvolatile, is used to determine the weight percent solids content. This information is useful to the paint producer, user, and to environmental interests for determining the grams of volatile organic compounds per gram of solids emitted from aerosol cans.1.1 This test method is for the determination of the weight percent volatile organic compounds of solvent-borne paints in aerosol cans. It offers a unique way to obtain paint specimens from aerosol cans. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in 6.7.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Weight Percent Volatile Content of Solvent-Borne Paints in Aerosol Cans

ASTM D4834-03 用直接吸气原子吸收光谱法检测涂料中铅的标准试验方法

Current U.S. regulations restrict the amount of lead that may be present in consumer paint products to less than 0.06 % based on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid means for screening paints to determine compliance with those regulations. The test method may be adjusted to meet regulations with a different limit on lead content.1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % lead. The test described can differentiate between 0.05 and 0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be analyzed quantitatively for lead using Test Method D 3335. This test method provides a more definitive and reliable screening test than Test Method D 3618.1.2 There is no reason to believe that higher levels of lead could not be determined by this test method provided that appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy