91.080.40 (Concrete structures) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4260-05(2012) 混凝土液体和加胶酸浸蚀的标准实施规程

This practice is used to prepare concrete for coatings where optimum bond is desired for service conditions such as continuous or intermittent immersion, temperature cycling, or mechanical loading.1.1 This practice covers surface preparation of concrete to prepare the surface prior to the application of coatings. 1.2 This practice is intended to alter the surface profile of the concrete and to remove foreign materials and weak surface laitance. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Practice for Liquid and Gelled Acid Etching of Concrete

ASTM D4261-05(2012) 涂层的表面清洁混凝土砌块的标准实施规程

Surface cleaning is to be used to prepare concrete unit masonry surfaces for applying coatings intended for light duty service, splash and spillage of water and chemical solutions, radiation exposure, decontamination, and repeated washdowns with alkaline cleaners.1.1 This practice covers surface cleaning of concrete masonry units to remove dust, dirt, mortar spatter, oil, and grease prior to the application of coatings. Procedures include vacuum cleaning, air-blast cleaning, water cleaning, detergent water wash, steam cleaning, and mechanical cleaning. 1.2 This practice may alter the surface profile of the concrete but is primarily intended to clean the surface. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 5.

Standard Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete Masonry Units for Coating

ASTM C1602/C1602M-04 水硬性水泥混凝土生产用搅拌水的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the compositional and performance requirements for water used as mixing water in hydraulic cement concrete. It defines sources of water and provides requirements and testing frequencies for qualifying individual or combined water sources. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchasers specification shall govern.1.2 This specification does not purport to cover methods of storage, transportation, or blending of water, or to address the development and maintenance of quality control programs sponsored or managed by the manufacturer.1.3 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete

ASTM C1583-04 使用直接拉伸(拔出法)测定混凝土表面抗张强度和混凝土维修和覆盖材料粘结强度或抗张强度的标准试验方法

This test method determines the tensile strength of concrete near to the prepared surface, which can be used as an indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before applying a repair or an overlay material. When the test is performed on the surface of a repair or an overlay material, it determines the bond strength to the substrate or the tensile strength of either the overlay or substrate, whichever is weaker. The method may also be used to evaluate the adhesive strength of bonding agents. When the test is performed on the surface of a material applied to the substrate, the measured strength is controlled by the failure mechanism requiring the least stress. Thus it is not possible to know beforehand which strength will be measured by the test. For this reason, the failure mode has to be reported for each individual test result, and tests results are averaged only if the same failure mode occurs.1.1 This test method is suitable for both field and laboratory use to determine one or more of the following:1.1.1 The near-surface tensile strength of the substrate as an indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before application of a repair or overlay material.1.1.2 The bond strength of a repair or an overlay material to the substrate.1.1.3 The tensile strength of a repair or overlay material, or an adhesive used in repairs, after the material has been applied to a surface.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)

ASTM C1603-04 水中固体颗粒测量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the solids content in water for use as mixing water in ready-mixed concrete and the measurement of its density. Solids content is expressed in terms of parts per million (ppm) or in terms of percent by mass of the water sample.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; inch-pound units are shown in parenthesis for information only.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Solids in Water

ASTM C1603-04e1 水中固体颗粒测量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the solids content in water for use as mixing water in ready-mixed concrete and the measurement of its density. Solids content is expressed in terms of parts per million (ppm) or in terms of percent by mass of the water sample.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; inch-pound units are shown in parenthesis for information only.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Solids in Water

ASTM C1583/C1583M-04e1 使用直接拉伸(抗拉强度法)测定混凝土表面抗张强度和混凝土维修和覆盖材料粘结强度或抗张强度的标准试验方法

This test method determines the tensile strength of concrete near to the prepared surface, which can be used as an indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before applying a repair or an overlay material. When the test is performed on the surface of a repair or an overlay material, it determines the bond strength to the substrate or the tensile strength of either the overlay or substrate, whichever is weaker. The method may also be used to evaluate the adhesive strength of bonding agents. When the test is performed on the surface of a material applied to the substrate, the measured strength is controlled by the failure mechanism requiring the least stress. Thus it is not possible to know beforehand which strength will be measured by the test. For this reason, the failure mode has to be reported for each individual test result, and tests results are averaged only if the same failure mode occurs.1.1 This test method is suitable for both field and laboratory use to determine one or more of the following: 1.1.1 The near-surface tensile strength of the substrate as an indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before application of a repair or overlay material. 1.1.2 The bond strength of a repair or an overlay material to the substrate. 1.1.3 The tensile strength of a repair or overlay material, or an adhesive used in repairs, after the material has been applied to a surface. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)

ASTM D6087-03 使用地面穿透雷达评估沥青铺混凝土桥面标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers several radar evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence of delamination.1.2 The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion is initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients.1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delaminations which are localized over the diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges which have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect reflectors of EM waves, since the wave impedances for metals are zero.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 A precision and bias statement has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar

ASTM D6760-02 用超声波孔间试验测试混凝土深地基完整性的标准试验方法

This method uses data from ultrasonic probes lowered into parallel access ducts in the pile or structure to assess the homogeneity and integrity of concrete between the probes. The data are used to confirm adequate concrete quality or identify zones of poor quality. If defects are detected, then further investigations should be made by excavation or coring the concrete as appropriate, or by other testing such as Test Method D 1143, D 4945 or D 5882, and measures taken to remediate the structure if a defect is confirmed. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and inspection. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers procedures for checking the homogeneity and integrity of concrete in a deep foundation such as bored piles, drilled shafts, concrete piles or augercast piles. This method can also be extended to diaphragm walls, barrettes, dams etc. The test measures the propagation time and relative energy of an ultrasonic pulse between parallel access ducts installed in the pile or structure. This method is most applicable when performed between tubes that are installed during pile construction.1.2 Similar techniques with different excitation sources or single access ducts, or both, exist, but these techniques are outside the scope of this test method.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.4 LimitationsProper installation of the access ducts is essential for effective testing and interpretation. The method does not give the exact type of defect (for example, inclusion, honeycombing, lack of cement particles, etc.) but rather only that a defect exists. The method is limited primarily to testing the concrete between the access ducts and thus gives little information about the concrete outside the reinforcement cage to which the access ducts are attached when the tubes are attached to the inside of the reinforcement cage.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing

ASTM F2170-02 利用定向探头测定水泥地厚板相对湿度的标准试验方法

Moisture permeating from concrete floor slabs affects the performance of flooring systems such as resilient and textile floor coverings and coatings. Manufacturers of such systems generally require moisture testing to be performed before installation on concrete. Internal relative humidity testing is one such method. Excessive moisture permeating from floor slabs after installation can cause floor covering system failures such as debonding and deterioration of finish flooring and coatings and microbial growth. Moisture test results indicate the moisture condition of the slab only at the time of the test.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of percent relative humidity in concrete slabs for field or laboratory tests.1.2 The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.

Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes

ASTM C1542/C1542M-02 测量混凝土芯长度的标准试验方法

This test method provides two procedures for determining the length of a core as measured along its axis. This length is used in conjunction with length to diameter relationships, condition surveys, absorption, density and voids analysis, petrography, cement content analysis, and other applications. It does not meet requirements for determining the distance between two parallel surfaces, which represents the thickness of a structural element often used to establish compliance with design specifications as outlined by Test Method C 174.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the length of a core drilled from a concrete structure when the reason is other than measuring dimensional tolerances of concrete elements.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Length of Concrete Cores

ASTM E1966-01 耐火连接系统的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures. 1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated fire-separating elements meet.1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the joint systems suitability for use after that exposure.1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is not part of the conditions of compliance.1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system constructed with components other than those tested.1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems

ASTM E1966-00 耐火连接系统的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures. 1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated fire-separating elements meet.1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the joint systems suitability for use after that exposure.1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is not part of the conditions of compliance.1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system constructed with components other than those tested.1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems

ASTM D5295-00 用水密材料粘结薄膜制备混凝土表面的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the preparation of concrete surfaces prior to the application of adhered (bonded) waterproofing.1.2 This guide is directed primarily toward installations of new concrete, but is also applicable for existing concrete installations. (See also ACI 116 and ACI 546.)1.3 This guide does not apply to loose laid systems, bentonite systems, lead, or the like.1.4 This guide does not apply to applications involving insulating concrete.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Preparation of Concrete Surfaces for Adhered (Bonded) Membrane Waterproofing Systems

ASTM G109-99a(2005) 混凝土暴露于氯化物环境时确定化学混合物对埋置钢筋腐蚀作用的标准试验方法

This test method provides a reliable means for predicting the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be used in concrete. This test method is useful for development studies of corrosion inhibitors to be used in concrete. This test method has been used elsewhere with good agreement between corrosion as measured by this test method and corrosion damage on the embedded steel (1, 2, 3, 4).4 This test method might not properly rank the performance of different corrosion inhibitors, especially at concrete covers over the steel less than 40 mm (1.5 in.) or water-to-cement ratios above 0.45. The concrete mixture proportions and cover over the steel are chosen to accelerate chloride ingress. Some inhibitors might have an effect on this process, which could lead to results that would differ from what would be expected in actual use (5).1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete. It can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of admixtures in a chloride environment.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Effects of Chemical Admixtures on the Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

ASTM G109-99ae1 混凝土暴露于氯化物环境时确定化学混合物对埋置钢筋腐蚀作用的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete. It can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of admixtures in a chloride environment. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Effects of Chemical Admixtures on the Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

ASTM E1399-97(2005) 建筑连接系统最小和最大连接宽度的测量和循环运动的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers testing procedures for architectural joint systems. This test method is intended for the following uses for architectural joint systems:1.1.1 To verify movement capability information supplied to the user by the producer,1.1.2 To standardize comparison of movement capability by relating it to specified nominal joint widths,1.1.3 To determine the cyclic movement capability between specified minimum and maximum joint widths without visual deleterious effects, and1.1.4 To provide the user with graphic information, drawings or pictures in the test report, depicting them at minimum, maximum, and nominal joint widths during cycling.1.2 This test method is intended to be used only as part of a specification or acceptance criterion due to the limited movements tested.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cyclic Movement and Measuring the Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems

ASTM E1399-97(2000) 循环运动的标准测试方法和测量建筑关节系统的最小和最大关节宽度

1.1 This test method covers testing procedures for architectural joint systems. This test method is intended for the following uses: 1.1.1 To verify movement capability information supplied to the user by the producer, 1.1.2 To standardize comparison of movement capability by relating it to specified nominal joint widths. 1.1.3 To determine the cyclic movement capability between specified minimum and maximum joint widths without visual deleterious effects, and 1.1.4 To provide the user with graphic information, drawings or pictures in the test report, depicting them at minimum, maximum, and nominal joint widths during cycling. 1.2 This test method is intended to be used only as part of a specification or acceptance criterion due to the limited movements tested. 1.3 The acceptable standard units of measure are SI units and the equivalent inch-pound units are expressed in parenthesis. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cyclic Movement and Measuring the Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems

ASTM D6087-97(2001) 使用地面穿透雷达对沥青覆盖的混凝土平台评价的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers several radar evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence of delamination. 1.2 The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion is initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients. 1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck. 1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delamination which are localized over the diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges which have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect reflectors of EM waves, since the wave impedances for metals are zero. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar

ASTM E1399-97(2009) 建筑连接系统最小和最大连接宽度的测量和循环运动的标准试验方法

Types of architectural joint systems included in this test method are the following: Metallic systems; Compression seals: With frames, and Without frames, Strip seals; Preformed sealant systems (see Appendix X1): With frames, and Without frames, Preformed foams and sponges: Self-Expanding, and Nonexpanding, Fire barriers: Used as joint systems, and Used as a part of the joint system, and Elastomeric membrane systems: With nosing material(s), and Without nosing material(s). This test method will assist users, producers, building officials, code authorities, and others in verifying some performance characteristics of representative specimens of architectural joint systems under common test conditions. The following performance characteristics are verifiable: The maximum joint width, The minimum joint width, and The movement capability. This test compares similar architectural joint systems by cycling but does not accurately reflect the system''s application. Similar refers to the same type of architectural system within the same subsection under 4.1. This test method does not provide information on: Durability of the architectural joint system under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature on the joint system, Loading capability of the system and the effects of a load on the functional parameters established by this test method, Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities of the specimen, Any other attributes of the specimen, such as fire resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, watertightness, and so forth, and Testing or compatibility of substrates. This test method is only to be used as one element in the selection of an architectural joint system for a particular application. It is not intended as an independent pass/fail acceptance procedure. In conjunction with this test method, other test methods are to be used to evaluate the importance of other service conditions such as durability, structural loading, and compatibility. 1.1 This test method covers testing procedures for architectural joint systems. This test method is intended for the following uses for architectural joint systems: 1.1.1 To verify movement capability information supplied to the user by the producer, 1.1.2 To standardize comparison of movement capability by relating it to specified nominal joint widths, 1.1.3 To determine the cyclic movement capability between specified minimum and maximum joint widths without visual deleterious effects, and 1.1.4 To provide the user with graphic information, drawings or pictures in the test report, depicting them at minimum, maximum, and nominal joint widths during cycling. 1.2 This test method is intended to be used only as part of a specification or acceptance criterion due to the limited movements tested. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cyclic Movement and Measuring the Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems