91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products) 标准查询与下载

ASTM C140-13 混凝土砌块相关砌块的取样和检验的标准试验方法

4.1 These test methods provide general testing requirements for application to a broad range of concrete products. Those general testing requirements are included in the body of this standard. Note 2—Consult manufacturer, supplier, product specifications, or other resources for more specific measurement or testing guidelines for those products not addressed with the annex of this standard. 4.2 These test methods provide specific testing requirements in two distinct sections, the requirements applicable to all units covered by these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types. The requirements applicable to all units are included in the body of these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types are included within the annexes. 1.1 These test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types, however. 1.2 Specific testing and reporting procedures are included in annexes to these test methods for the following specific unit types: Annex A1—Concrete masonry units (Specifications C90, C129) Annex A2—Concrete and calcium silicate brick 8199; (Specifications C55, C73, C1634) Annex A3—Segmental retaining wall units (Specification C1372) Annex A4—Concrete interlocking paving units 8199; (Specification C936/C936M) Annex A5—Concrete grid paving units (Specification

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units

ASTM C94/C94M-13 预拌混凝土的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as defined in 3.2.2. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser's specification shall govern. This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixed concrete. 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)

Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

ASTM C494/C494M-13 混凝土用化学添加剂标准规格

1.1 This specification covers materials for use as chemical admixtures to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures in the field for the purpose or purposes indicated for the eight types as follows: 1.1.1 Type A—Water-reducing admixtures, 1.1.2 Type B—Retarding admixtures, 1.1.3 Type C—Accelerating admixtures, 1.1.4 Type D—Water-reducing and retarding admixtures, 1.1.5 Type E—Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures, 1.1.6 Type F—Water-reducing, high range admixtures, 1.1.7 Type G—Water-reducing, high range, and retarding admixtures, and 1.1.8 Type S—Specific performance admixtures. 1.2 This specification stipulates tests of an admixture with suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1-11.3 or with cement, pozzolan, aggregates, and an air-entraining admixture proposed for specific work (11.4). Unless specified otherwise by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using concreting materials as described in 11.1-11.3. Note 1—It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made using the cement, pozzolan, aggregates, air-entraining admixture, and the mixture proportions, batching sequence, and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work (11.4) because the specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with the properties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete. For instance, Types F and G admixtures may exhibit much higher water reduction in concrete mixtures having higher cement factors than that listed in 12.1.1. Mixtures having a high range water reduction generally display a higher rate of slump loss. When high-range admixtures are used to impart increased workability (6 to 8-in. slump [150 to 200–mm]), the effect may be of limited duration, reverting to the original slump in 30 to 60 min depending on factors normally affecting rate of slump loss. The use of chemical admixtures to produce high-slump (flowing) concrete is covered by Specification C1017/C1017M.

Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

ASTM C138/C138M-13 混凝土的密度(单位重量),产量以及含气量测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Note 1—Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume. 1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ASTM C311/C311M-13 硅酸盐水泥混凝土中使用的飞灰或天然火山灰抽样和试验的标准试验方法

4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. 4.1.1 Strength Activity Index—The test for strength activity index is used to determine whether fly ash or natural pozzolan results in an acceptable level of strength development when used with hydraulic cement in concrete. Since the test is performed with mortar, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the fly ash or natural pozzolan will contribute to strength in concrete. 4.1.2 Chemical Tests—The chemical component determinations and the limits placed on each do not predict the performance of a fly ash or natural pozzolan with hydraulic cement in concrete, but collectively help describe composition and uniformity of the material. 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:   Sections Sampling 7 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Reagents and apparatus 10 Moisture content 11 and 12 Loss on ignition 13 and 14 Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, 8199;magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium......

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete

ASTM C125-13 混凝土和混凝土集料相关的标准术语

1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms as they are used in standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C09. 1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating to constituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Terms relating to constituents of aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C638. 1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included in Terminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Institute has an electronic document, ACI Concrete Terminology,2 which is updated periodically. While this ACI Terminology is a useful resource, it shall not be referenced directly in ASTM standards because it is not a consensus document. The use of individual ACI or other definitions in ASTM standards shall be in accordance with Form and Style, Section E5.9, Attributions . 1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for which Committee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if used in more than one Committee C09 standard.Note 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still appropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary. The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the year the definition or revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and a year indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the term has not yet been reviewed.

Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

ASTM C1688/C1688M-13 新拌透水混凝土密度和孔隙量的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the density and void content of freshly mixed pervious concrete. 5.2 This test method is applicable to pervious concrete mixtures containing coarse aggregate with a nominal maximum size of 25 mm [1 in.] or smaller. 5.3 The measured fresh density may be used as verification of mixture proportions. 5.4 This method uses a standard consolidation procedure to measure fresh density and void content of a pervious concrete mixture as delivered. Test results are not intended to represent the density and void content of the in-place pervious concrete. This method shall not be used to determine the in-place void content or yield of the pervious concrete. 1.1 This test method covers determining the density of freshly mixed pervious concrete under standardized conditions and gives formulas for calculating the void content of pervious concrete. Test results are not intended to represent the in-place density and void content. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2) 1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.

Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete

ASTM C1585-13 测量水硬水泥混凝土吸水率的标准试验方法

4.1 The performance of concrete subjected to many aggressive environments is a function, to a large extent, of the penetrability of the pore system. In unsaturated concrete, the rate of ingress of water or other liquids is largely controlled by absorption due to capillary rise. This test method is based on that developed by Hall3 who called the phenomenon “water sorptivity.” 4.2 The water absorption of a concrete surface depends on many factors including: (a) concrete mixture proportions; (b) the presence of chemical admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials; (c) the composition and physical characteristics of the cementitious component and of the aggregates; (d) the entrained air content; (e) the type and duration of curing; (f) the degree of hydration or age; (g) the presence of microcracks; (h) the presence of surface treatments such as sealers or form oil; and (i) placement method including consolidation and finishing. Water absorption is also strongly affected by the moisture condition of the concrete at the time of testing. 4.3 This method is intended to determine the susceptibility of an unsaturated concrete to the penetration of water. In general, the rate of absorption of concrete at the surface differs from the rate of absorption of a sample taken from the interior. The exterior surface is often subjected to less than intended curing and is exposed to the most potentially adverse conditions. This test method is used to measure the water absorption rate of both the concrete surface and interior concrete. By drilling a core and cutting it transversely at selected depths, the absorption can be evaluated at different distances from the exposed surface. The core is drilled vertically or horizontally. 4.4 This test method differs from Test Method C642 in which the specimens are oven dried, immersed completely in water at 21°C, and then boiled under water for 5 h. In this test method, only one surface is exposed to water at room temperature while the other surfaces are sealed simulating water absorption in a member that is in contact with water on one side only. Test Method C642, on the other hand, is used to estimate the maximum amount of water that can be absorbed by a dry specimen and therefore provides a measure of the total, water permeable pore space. 1.1 This test method is used to determine the rate of absorption (sorptivity) of water by hydraulic cement concrete by measuring the increase in the mass of a specimen resulting from absorption of water as a function of time when only one surface of the specimen is exposed to water. The specimen is conditioned in an environment at a standard relative humidity to induce a consistent moisture condition in the capillary pore......

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes

ASTM C642-13 硬化混凝土的密度、吸收性及空隙度的标准试验方法

2.1 This test method is useful in developing the data required for conversions between mass and volume for concrete. It can be used to determine conformance with specifications for concrete and to show differences from place to place within a mass of concrete. 1.1 This test method covers the determinations of denisty, percent absorption, and percent voids in hardened concrete. 1.2 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete

ASTM C900-13 硬化混凝土拔拉强度的标准试验方法

5.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions.Note 1—Published reports (1-17)4 by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14) for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths obtained using different configurations. 5.2 Pullout tests are used to determine whether the in-place strength of concrete has reached a specified level so that, for example: (1) post-tensioning may proceed; (2) forms and shores may be removed;(3) structure may be placed into service; or(4) winter protection and curing may be terminated. In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to estimate the strength of concrete in existing constructions. 5.3 When planning pullout tests and analyzing test results, consideration should be given to the normally expected decrease of concrete strength with increasing height within a given concrete placement in a structural element. 5.4 The measured pullout strength is indicative of the strength of concrete within the region represented by the conic frustum defined by the insert head and bearing ring. For typical surface installations, pullout strengths are indicative of the quality of the outer zone of concrete members and can be of benefit in evaluating the cover zone of reinforced concrete members.

Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete

ASTM D4787-13 对混凝土底层使用的液体或薄板衬垫连续性验证的标准实施规程

5.1 The electrical conductivity of concrete is primarily influenced by the presence of moisture. Other factors, which affect the electrical continuity of concrete structures, include the following: 5.1.1 Presence of metal rebars, 5.1.2 Cement content and type, 5.1.3 Aggregate types, 5.1.4 Admixtures, 5.1.5 Porosity within the concrete, 5.1.6 Above or below grade elevation, 5.1.7 Indoor or outdoor location, 5.1.8 Temperature and humidity, and 5.1.9 Age of concrete. 5.2 The electrical conductivity of concrete itself may be successfully used for high-voltage continuity testing of linings applied directly with no specific conductive underlayment installed. However, the voltage required to find a discontinuity may vary greatly from point to point on the structure. This variance may reduce the test reliability. 5.3 Although the most common conductive underlayments are liquid primers applied by trowel, roller, or spray, and which contain carbon or graphite fillers, others may take the form of the following: 5.3.1 Sheet-applied graphite veils, 5.3.2 Conductive polymers, 5.3.3 Conductive graphite fibers, 5.3.4 Conductive metallic fibers, and 5.3.5 Conductive metallic screening. 5.4 Liquid-applied conductive underlayments may be desirable as they can serve to address imperfections in the concrete surface and provide a better base for which to apply the lining. 5.5 This practice is intended for use only with new linings applied to concrete substrates. Inspecting a lining previously exposed to an immersion condition could result in damaging the lining or produce an erroneous detection of discontinuities due to permeation or moisture absorption of the lining. Deposits may also be present on the surface causing telegraphing. The use of a high voltage tester on a previously exposed lining is not recommended because of possible spark through which will damage an otherwise sound lining. A low voltage tester can be used but could produce erroneous readings. 5.6 The user may consider this practice when performance requirements of the lining in a specified chemical environment require assurance of a lining free of discontinuities. 5.7 Factors affecting the dielectric properties and test voltage shall be considered. S......

Standard Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid or Sheet Linings Applied to Concrete Substrates

ASTM C1077-13a 测试机构评定结构和标准中机构测试的混凝土和混凝土集料的标准实施规程

4.1 The testing and inspection of concrete and concrete aggregates are important elements in obtaining quality construction. A testing agency providing these services must be selected with care. 4.2 A testing agency shall be deemed qualified to perform and report the results of its tests if the agency meets the requirements of this practice. The testing agency services shall be provided under the technical direction of a registered professional engineer. 4.3 This practice establishes essential characteristics pertaining to the organization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of the testing agency. This practice may be supplemented by more specific criteria and requirements for particular projects. 1.1 This practice identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum technical requirements of testing agency personnel and the minimum technical requirements for equipment utilized in testing concrete and concrete aggregates for use in construction. 1.2 This practice provides criteria for the evaluation of the capability of a testing agency to perform designated ASTM test methods on concrete and concrete aggregates. It can be used by an evaluation authority in the inspection or accreditation of a testing agency or by other parties to determine if the agency is qualified to conduct the specified tests.Note 1—Specification E329 provides criteria for the evaluation of agencies that perform the inspection of concrete during placement. 1.3 This practice provides criteria for Inspection Bodies and Accreditation Bodies that provide services for evaluation of testing agencies in accordance with this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation

ASTM C805/C805M-13 硬化混凝土回弹指数的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is applicable to assess the in-place uniformity of concrete, to delineate variations in concrete quality throughout a structure, and to estimate in-place strength if a correlation is developed in accordance with 5.4. 5.2 For a given concrete mixture, the rebound number is affected by factors such as moisture content of the test surface, the type of form material or type of finishing used in construction of the surface to be tested, vertical distance from the bottom of a concrete placement, and the depth of carbonation. These factors need to be considered in interpreting rebound numbers. 5.3 Different instruments of the same nominal design may give rebound numbers differing from 1 to 3 units. Therefore, tests should be made with the same instrument in order to compare results. If more than one instrument is to be used, perform comparative tests on a range of typical concrete surfaces so as to determine the magnitude of the differences to be expected in the readings of different instruments. 5.4 Relationships between rebound number and concrete strength that are provided by instrument manufacturers shall be used only to provide indications of relative concrete strength at different locations in a structure. To use this test method to estimate strength, it is necessary to establish a relationship between strength and rebound number for a given concrete and given apparatus (see Note 1). Establish the relationship by correlating rebound numbers measured on the structure with the measured strengths of cores taken from corresponding locations (see Note 2). At least two replicate cores shall be taken from at least six locations with different rebound numbers. Select test locations so that a wide range of rebound numbers in the structure is obtained. Obtain, prepare, and test cores in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M. If the rebound number if affected by the orientation of the instrument during testing, the strength relationship is applicable for the same orientation as used to obtain the correlation date (see Note 3). Locations where strengths are to be estimated using the developed correlation shall have similar surface texture and shall have been exposed to similar conditions as the locations where correlation cores were taken. The functionality of the rebound hammer shall have been verified in accordance with 6.4 before making the correlation measurements.Note 1—See ACI 228.1R3 for additional information on developing the relationship and on using the relationship to estimate in-place strength.Note 2—The use of molded test specimens to develop a correlation may not provide a reliable relationship because the surface texture and depth of carbonation of molded specimens are not usually representative of the in-place concrete.Note 3—The use of correction facto......

Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete

ASTM C33/C33M-13 混凝土集料的标准规格

1.1 This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete.2 1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished. Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof. 1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or approved. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

ASTM C857-13 地下预制混凝土公用设施的最低结构设计负荷的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures. 5.2 The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard. 1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice. Note 1???For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition. Note 2???The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures

ASTM C1077-13 建筑用混凝土和混凝土集料的代理机构测试标准实施规程和代理机构评定标准

4.1 The testing and inspection of concrete and concrete aggregates are important elements in obtaining quality construction. A testing agency providing these services must be selected with care. 4.2 A testing agency shall be deemed qualified to perform and report the results of its tests if the agency meets the requirements of this practice. The testing agency services shall be provided under the technical direction of a registered professional engineer. 4.3 This practice establishes essential characteristics pertaining to the organization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of the testing agency. This practice may be supplemented by more specific criteria and requirements for particular projects. 1.1 This practice identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum technical requirements of testing agency personnel and the minimum technical requirements for equipment utilized in testing concrete and concrete aggregates for use in construction. 1.2 This practice provides criteria for the evaluation of the capability of a testing agency to perform designated ASTM test methods on concrete and concrete aggregates. It can be used by an evaluation authority in the inspection or accreditation of a testing agency or by other parties to determine if the agency is qualified to conduct the specified tests.Note 1—Specification E329 provides criteria for the evaluation of agencies that perform the inspection of concrete during placement. 1.3 This practice provides criteria for Inspection Bodies and Accreditation Bodies that provide services for evaluation of testing agencies in accordance with this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation

ASTM C1567-13 粘结料和集料组合物潜在碱性硅反应性测定的标准试验方法(加速灰浆棒法)

4.1 This test method provides a means for evaluating the ability of pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slag to control deleterious internal expansion due to alkali-silica reaction when used with an aggregate intended for use in concrete. It is based on the Accelerated Test Method developed at the National Building Research Institute (NBRI) in the Republic of South Africa (1-4).3 4.2 This test method has been developed for evaluating combinations of certain cementitious materials with a single aggregate source in a mortar of standard proportions. It yields an empirical result, which is utilized to compare to criteria within some specifications to accept or reject the combination of materials being evaluated for a particular application. Currently this method has no standard procedure for testing fine and coarse aggregates proposed for use in concrete together in a single batch of mortar, nor for varying the proportions of the constituent materials of the mortar beyond the relative proportions of the individual cementitious material constituents to each other, as the significance of these practices have not been determined nor have appropriate limits been established for evaluating the results of tests conducted using these modifications. 4.3 Results obtained using this test method may overestimate the reactivity of some types of aggregates if used in service with the same pozzolans or slag and hydraulic cement of low alkali content. 4.4 Different levels of pozzolan and ground granulated blast-furnace slag may require testing to determine the amount required to reduce expansion to an acceptable level. Pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slag may be tested separately or in combination. 4.5 It is recommended to test the same aggregate and hydraulic cement (without pozzolans and slag) using Test Method C1260. 4.6 This test method may underestimate the expansion of cementitious systems containing pozzolans with an alkali content gt; 4.08201;% sodium oxide equivalent (7-9). It is recommended that such materials be tested using Test Method C1293. 1.1 This test method permits detection within 16 days of the potential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of combinations of cementitious materials and aggregate in mortar bars. The cementitious materials are composed of various proportions of hydraulic cement, pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. 1.2 The test results are only valid for the specific combinations of pozzolan, slag, ......

Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)

ASTM C42/C42M-13 获取和检测混凝土钻芯试样和锯切长条试样标准试验方法

3.1 This test method provides standardized procedures for obtaining and testing specimens to determine the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength of in-place concrete. 3.2 Generally, test specimens are obtained when doubt exists about the in-place concrete quality due either to low strength test results during construction or signs of distress in the structure. Another use of this method is to provide strength information on older structures. 3.3 Concrete strength is affected by the location of the concrete in a structural element, with the concrete at the bottom tending to be stronger than the concrete at the top. Core strength is also affected by core orientation relative to the horizontal plane of the concrete as placed, with strength tending to be lower when measured parallel to the horizontal plane.3 These factors shall be considered in planning the locations for obtaining concrete samples and in comparing strength test results. 3.4 The strength of concrete measured by tests of cores is affected by the amount and distribution of moisture in the specimen at the time of test. There is no standard procedure to condition a specimen that will ensure that, at the time of test, it will be in the identical moisture condition as concrete in the structure. The moisture conditioning procedures in this test method are intended to provide reproducible moisture conditions that minimize within-laboratory and between-laboratory variations and to reduce the effects of moisture introduced during specimen preparation. 3.5 The measured compressive strength of a core will generally be less than that of a corresponding properly molded and cured standard cylinder tested at the same age. For a given concrete, however, there is no unique relationship between the strengths of these two types of specimens (see Note 3). The relationship is affected by many factors such as the strength level of the concrete, the in-place temperature and moisture histories, the degree of consolidation, batch-to-batch variability, the strength-gain characteristics of the concrete, the condition of the coring apparatus, and the care used in removing cores.Note 3—A procedure is available for estimating the equivalent cylinder strength from a measured core strength.4Note 4—In the absence of core strength requirements of an applicable building code or of other contractual or legal documents that may govern the project, the specifier of tests should establish in the project specifications the acceptance criteria for core strengths. An example of acceptance criteria for core strength is provided in ACI 318,5 which are used to evaluate cores taken to investigate low strength test results of standard-cured cylinder during construction. According to ACI 318, the concrete represented by the cores is considered structurally adequate if the average strength of three cores is at least 858201;% of the specified strength and no single core strength is less than 758201;% of the spe......

Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete

ASTM C890-13 用于设计最小负荷结构的整体或分段预制混凝土贮水和废水构筑物的标准实施规程

4.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum loads to be used to structurally design a precast product. 4.2 The user is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated field conditions and requirements with the design loads. Field conditions may dictate loads greater than minimum. 1.1 This practice describes the minimum loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete water and wastewater structures with the exception of concrete pipe, box culverts, utility structures, and material covered in Specification C478. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures

ASTM C882/C882M-13a 斜切法测定混凝土用环氧树脂粘结剂的粘结强度的标准试验方法

5.1 The strength developed by a bonding system that joins two regions of concrete is its most important property. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond strength of epoxy-resin-base bonding systems for use with portland-cement concrete. This test method covers bonding hardened concrete to hardened or freshly-mixed concrete. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in Section 8. (Warning —Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Systems Used With Concrete By Slant Shear