91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products) 标准查询与下载

ASTM C900-12a 硬化混凝土拔拉强度的标准试验方法

4.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions.Note 1???Published reports (1-17)4 by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14) for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths obtained using different configurations. 4.2 Pullout tests are used to determine whether the in-place strength of concrete has reached a specified level so that, for example: (1) post-tensioning may proceed; (2) forms and shores may be removed;(3) structure may be placed into service; or(4) winter protection and curing may be terminated. In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to estimate the strength of concrete in existing constructions. 4.3 When planning pullout tests and analyzing test results, consideration should be given to the normally expected decrease of concrete strength with increasing height within a given concrete placement in a structural element. 4.4 The measured pullout strength is indicative of the strength of concrete within the region represented by the conic frustum defined by the insert head and bearing ring. For typical surface installations, pullout strengths are indicative of the quality of the outer zone of concrete members and can be of benefit in evaluating the cover zone of reinforced concrete members. 4.5 Cast-in-place i......

Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete

ASTM C232/C232M-12 混凝土泌水的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relative quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshly mixed concrete. Two test methods, that differ primarily in the degree of vibration to which the concrete sample is subjected, are included. 1.2 The two test methods are not expected to yield the same test results when samples of concrete from the same batch are tested by each method. When various concretes are to be compared, all the tests must be conducted using the same method, and if the batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not differ by more than 1 kg [2 lb]. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning???Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2

Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete

ASTM C1231/C1231M-12 硬化混凝土管的抗压强度测定中非粘合盖子使用的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers requirements for a capping system using unbonded caps for testing concrete cylinders molded in accordance with Practice C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Unbonded neoprene caps of a defined hardness are permitted to be used for testing for a specified maximum number of reuses without qualification testing up to a certain concrete compressive strength level. Above that strength, level neoprene caps will require qualification testing. Qualification testing is required for all elastomeric materials other than neoprene regardless of the concrete strength. 1.2 Unbonded caps are not to be used for acceptance testing of concrete with compressive strength below 1500 psi [10 MPa] or above 12 000 psi [80 MPa]. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning???Concrete cylinders tested with unbonded caps rupture more violently than comparable cylinders tested with bonded caps. The safety precautions given in the Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing are recommended.2)

Standard Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Concrete Cylinders

ASTM C173/C173M-12 容量法测定新拌混凝土的含气量的标准试验方法

1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates. 3.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 28201;% air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted. 3.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors. 1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning???Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

ASTM C143/C143M-12 水硬性水泥混凝土坍落度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of slump of hydraulic-cement concrete, both in the laboratory and in the field. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (

Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C457/C457M-12 硬化混凝土空气孔隙系统参数显微测定的标准试验方法

5. Significance and UseTop Bottom 5.1 The parameters of the air-void system of hardened concrete determined by the procedures described in this test method are related to the susceptibility of the cement paste portion of the concrete to damage by freezing and thawing. Hence, this test method can be used to develop data to estimate the likelihood of damage due to cyclic freezing and thawing or to explain why it has occurred. The test method can also be used as an adjunct to the development of products or procedures intended to enhance the resistance of concrete to cyclic freezing and thawing (1). 5.2 Values for parameters of the air-void system can be obtained by either of the procedures described in this test method. 5.3 No provision is made for distinguishing among entrapped air voids, entrained air voids, and water voids. Any such distinction is arbitrary, because the various types of voids intergrade in size, shape, and other characteristics. Reports that do make such a distinction typically define entrapped air voids as being larger than 1 mm in at least one dimension being irregular in shape, or both. The honey-combing that is a consequence of the failure to compact the concrete properly is one type of entrapped air void (9, 10). 5.4 Water voids are cavities that were filled with water at the time of setting of the concrete. They are significant only in mixtures that contained excessive mixing water or in which pronounced bleeding and settlement occurred. They are most common beneath horizontal reinforcing bars, pieces of coarse aggregate and as channelways along their sides. They occur also immediately below surfaces that were compacted by finishing operations before the completion of bleeding. 5.5 Application of the paste-air ratio procedure is necessary when the concrete includes large nominal maximum size aggregate, such as 50 mm [2 in.] or more. Prepared sections of such concrete should include a maximum of the mortar fraction, so as to increase the number of counts on air voids or traverse across them. The ratio of the volume of aggregate to the volume of paste in the original mix must be accurately known or estimated to permit the calculation of the air-void systems parameters from the microscopically determined paste-air ratio.Note 1???The air-void content determined in accordance with this test method usually agrees closely with the value determined on the fresh concrete in accordance with Test Methods C138/C138M, C173/C173M, or C231 (

Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete

ASTM C1077-12 建筑用混凝土和混凝土集料的代理机构测试标准实施规程和代理机构评定标准

1.1 This practice identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum technical requirements of testing agency personnel and the minimum technical requirements for equipment utilized in testing concrete and concrete aggregates for use in construction. 1.2 This practice provides criteria for the evaluation of the capability of a testing agency to perform designated ASTM test methods on concrete and concrete aggregates. It can be used by an evaluation authority in the inspection or accreditation of a testing agency or by other parties to determine if the agency is qualified to conduct the specified tests.Note 1???Specification E329 provides criteria for the evaluation of agencies that perform the inspection of concrete during placement. 1.3 This practice provides criteria for Inspection Bodies and Accreditation Bodies that provide services for evaluation of testing agencies in accordance with this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation

ASTM C535-12 用洛杉矶磨耗试验机测定大规格粗集料抗磨性和抗冲击性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers testing sizes of coarse aggregate larger than 19 mm (3/4 in.) for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1). Note 1???A procedure for testing coarse aggregate smaller than 37.5 mm (11/2 in.) is covered in Test Method C131. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM C192/C192M-12 实验室中混凝土试样制备和养护的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing test specimens of concrete in the laboratory under accurate control of materials and test conditions using concrete that can be consolidated by rodding or vibration as described herein. 1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning???Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory

ASTM C617/C617M-12 处理圆柱形混凝土试样顶部的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see 4.3.1 and 6.2.4.1.

Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C1760-12 硬化混凝土整体导电率的标准试验方法

This test method measures the bulk electrical conductivity of concrete, which has a theoretical relationship to the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion, or other ions, in the concrete (1, 2). Experimental data confirm that there is a correlation between the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient measured by Test Method C1556, or similar method, and the bulk electrical conductivity (3, 4). A number of factors are known to affect electrical conductivity of concrete: water cementitious materials ratio, the type and amount of supplementary cementitious materials, presence of polymeric admixtures, admixtures that contain soluble salts, specimen age, air-void system, aggregate type, degree of consolidation, degree of saturation, and type of curing. Different curing methods are used in this test method depending on whether the concrete contains supplementary cementitious materials. Use the same method and duration of curing when comparing mixtures. This test method is suitable for evaluation of concrete mixtures for proportioning purposes and for research and development. Specimens must be sufficiently saturated for measured electrical conductivity to provide an indication of the resistance of the concrete to chloride ion penetration. Because the electrical conductivity depends upon the degree of saturation, specimens are vacuum saturated before testing to ensure a common reference state for comparison purposes. If the specimen is tested in a partially saturated, or “as delivered” state, it shall be noted in the test report. This test can be used to evaluate the electrical conductivity of concretes in structures for applications that may require such information, such as the design of cathodic protection systems. The type of specimen and conditioning procedure depends on the purpose of the test. For evaluation of concrete mixtures, specimens are 100 mm diameter molded cylinders that are moist cured up to the time of testing. For evaluation of concrete samples taken from structures, specimens are 100 mm diameter cores that are vacuum saturated before performing the test. Age of the test specimen may have significant effects on the test results, depending on the type of concrete and the curing procedure. Most concretes, if properly cured, become progressively and significantly less conductive with time. Measured electrical conductivity can be used as a basis for determining the acceptability of a concrete mixture. Note 28212;Because the method and duration of curing of test specimens affect the test results, the acceptance criteria will need to specify the curing procedure and test age.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk electrical conductivity of saturated specimens of hardened concrete to provide a rapid indication of the concrete's resistance to the penetration of chloride ions by diffusion (See Note 1). The results of this test method can be related to the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient that is determined using Test Method C1556. Note 18212;The term “bulk” is used because the electrical conductivity is determined by measuring the current passing through all the phases of a test specimen (e.g., cement paste, sand, aggregate). This is accomplished using electrodes that cover the ends of the specimen. Other test methods that measure conductivity may use probes placed on the side surface of the specimen. 1.2

Standard Test Method for Bulk Electrical Conductivity of Hardened Concrete

ASTM C900-12 硬化混凝土拔拉强度的标准测试方法

4. Significance and UseTop Bottom 4.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions.Note 1???Published reports (1-17)4 by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14) for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths obtained using different configurations. 4.2 Pullout tests are used to determine whether the in-place strength of concrete has reached a specified level so that, for example: (1) post-tensioning may proceed; (2) forms and shores may be removed;(3) structure may be placed into service; or(4) winter protection and curing may be terminated. In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to estimate the strength of concrete in existing constructions. 4.3 When planning pullout tests and analyzing test results, consideration should be given to the normally expected decrease of concrete strength with increasing height within a given concrete placement in a structural element. 4.4 The measured pullout strength is indicative of the strength of concrete within the region represented by th......

Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete

ASTM C779/C779M-12 水平混凝土路面耐磨性的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surfaces. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific surface. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each othe......

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal Concrete Surfaces

ASTM C1768/C1768M-12 混凝土缸加速固化的标准实施规程

5.1 By increasing the concrete temperature, the rate of hydration increases and a larger portion of the later-age properties of the concrete can be attained during the short curing period compared with standard temperature curing as described in Practice C31/C31M and Practice C192/C192M. 5.2 Specimens subjected to accelerated curing can be used to estimate the later-age strength under standard-curing conditions by using this practice in conjunction with Test Method C918/C918M. The temperature history of the test specimens is recorded and the maturity index at the time of testing is calculated. Based on the measured maturity index and the early-age strength test results, the later age strength (such as at 28 days) under standard curing can be estimated from a previously established strength-maturity relationship for that concrete mixture. Thus accelerated curing procedures can provide, at the earliest practical time, an indication of the potential strength of the concrete sample. These early-age strength tests also provide information on the variability of the production process for use in quality control, so that necessary adjustments in mixture proportions can be made in a timely manner. 5.3 The user shall select the procedure to use on the basis of experience and local conditions. These procedures, in general, will be practical if a field laboratory is available to house the curing containers and the testing equipment to measure compressive strength within the specified time limits. 1.1 This practice covers two procedures for making and curing cylindrical specimens of concrete under conditions that increase the rate of hydration at early ages. The procedures are: A???Warm Water Method and B???Autogenous Curing Method. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning???Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

Standard Practice for Accelerated Curing of Concrete Cylinders

ASTM C1064/C1064M-11 新拌水硬水泥混凝土温度的标准试验方法

This test method provides a means for measuring the temperature of freshly mixed concrete. The measured temperature represents the temperature at the time of testing and may not be an indication of the temperature of the freshly mixed concrete at a later time. It may be used to verify conformance to a specified requirement for temperature of concrete. Concrete containing aggregate of a nominal maximum size greater than 75 mm [3 in.] may require up to 20 min for the transfer of heat from aggregate to mortar. (See ACI Committee 207.1R Report. )1.1 This test method covers the determination of temperature of freshly mixed hydraulic-cement concrete. 1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )

Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C140-11a 混凝土砌块和相关部件取样和测试的标准试验方法

These test methods provide general testing requirements for application to a broad range of concrete products. Those general testing requirements are included in the body of this standard. Note 28212;Consult manufacturer, supplier, product specifications, or other resources for more specific measurement or testing guidelines for those products not addressed with the annex of this standard. These test methods provide specific testing requirements in two distinct sections, the requirements applicable to all units covered by these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types. The requirements applicable to all units are included in the body of these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types are included within the annexes.1.1 These test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types, however. 1.2 Specific testing and reporting procedures are included in annexes to these test methods for the following specific unit types:

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units

ASTM C39/C39M-11 圆柱形混凝土样本抗压强度的标准试验方法

Care must be exercised in the interpretation of the significance of compressive strength determinations by this test method since strength is not a fundamental or intrinsic property of concrete made from given materials. Values obtained will depend on the size and shape of the specimen, batching, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, and fabrication and the age, temperature, and moisture conditions during curing. This test method is used to determine compressive strength of cylindrical specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Practices C31/C31M, C192/C192M, C617, and C1231/C1231M and Test Methods C42/C42M and C873. The results of this test method are used as a basis for quality control of concrete proportioning, mixing, and placing operations; determination of compliance with specifications; control for evaluating effectiveness of admixtures; and similar uses. The individual who tests concrete cylinders for acceptance testing shall meet the concrete laboratory technician requirements of Practice C1077, including an examination requiring performance demonstration that is evaluated by an independent examiner. Note 18212;Certification equivalent to the minimum guidelines for ACI Concrete Laboratory Technician, Level I or ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician will satisfy this requirement.1.1 This test method covers determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a density in excess of 800 kg/m3 [50 lb/ft3]. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningMeans should be provided to contain concrete fragments during sudden rupture of specimens. Tendency for sudden rupture increases with increasing concrete strength and it is more likely when the testing machine is relatively flexible. The safety precautions given in the are recommended.) 1.4 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C94/C94M-11b 预拌混凝土的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as defined in 3.2.2. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser''s specification shall govern. This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixed concrete. 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged use. )

Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

ASTM C1077-11b 实验室测试混凝土和施工混凝土集料的标准操作规程和实验室评估标准操作规程

The testing and inspection of concrete and concrete aggregates are important elements in obtaining quality construction. A testing agency providing these services must be selected with care. A testing agency shall be deemed qualified to perform and report the results of its tests if the agency meets the requirements of this practice. The testing agency services shall be provided under the technical direction of a registered professional engineer. This practice establishes essential characteristics pertaining to the organization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of the testing agency. This practice may be supplemented by more specific criteria and requirements for particular projects.1.1 This practice identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum technical requirements of testing agency personnel and the minimum technical requirements for equipment utilized in testing concrete and concrete aggregates for use in construction. 1.2 This practice provides criteria for the evaluation of the capability of a testing agency to perform designated ASTM test methods on concrete and concrete aggregates. It can be used by an evaluation authority in the inspection or accreditation of a testing agency or by other parties to determine if the agency is qualified to conduct the specified tests. Note 18212;Specification E329 provides criteria for the evaluation of agencies that perform the inspection of concrete during placement. 1.3 This practice provides criteria for Inspection Bodies and Accreditation Bodies that provide services for evaluation of testing agencies in accordance with this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation

ASTM C1585-11 测量水硬水泥混凝土吸水率的标准试验方法

The performance of concrete subjected to many aggressive environments is a function, to a large extent, of the penetrability of the pore system. In unsaturated concrete, the rate of ingress of water or other liquids is largely controlled by absorption due to capillary rise. This test method is based on that developed by Hall who called the phenomenon “water sorptivity.” The water absorption of a concrete surface depends on many factors including: (a) concrete mixture proportions; (b) the presence of chemical admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials; (c) the composition and physical characteristics of the cementitious component and of the aggregates; (d) the entrained air content; (e) the type and duration of curing; (f) the degree of hydration or age; (g) the presence of microcracks; (h) the presence of surface treatments such as sealers or form oil; and (i) placement method including consolidation and finishing. Water absorption is also strongly affected by the moisture condition of the concrete at the time of testing. This method is intended to determine the susceptibility of an unsaturated concrete to the penetration of water. In general, the rate of absorption of concrete at the surface differs from the rate of absorption of a sample taken from the interior. The exterior surface is often subjected to less than intended curing and is exposed to the most potentially adverse conditions. This test method is used to measure the water absorption rate of both the concrete surface and interior concrete. By drilling a core and cutting it transversely at selected depths, the absorption can be evaluated at different distances from the exposed surface. The core is drilled vertically or horizontally. This test method differs from Test Method C642 in which the specimens are oven dried, immersed completely in water at 21°C, and then boiled under water for 5 h. In this test method, only one surface is exposed to water at room temperature while the other surfaces are sealed simulating water absorption in a member that is in contact with water on one side only. Test Method C642, on the other hand, is used to estimate the maximum amount of water that can be absorbed by a dry specimen and therefore provides a measure of the total, water permeable pore space.1.1 This test method is used to determine the rate of absorption (sorptivity) of water by hydraulic cement concrete by measuring the increase in the mass of a specimen resulting from absorption of water as a function of time when only one surface of the specimen is exposed to water. The specimen is conditioned in an environment at a standard relative humidity to induce a consistent moisture condition in the capillary pore system. The exposed surface of the specimen is immersed in water and water ingress of unsaturated concrete is dominated by capillary suction during initial contact with water. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes