A43 化学 标准查询与下载

JIS K 0136:2004 高效液相色谱法/质谱分析法一般规则

この規格は，高速液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計を用いる，分析種の定性分析及び定量分析の通則について規定する。

General rules for high performance liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry

ASTM E1064-04 用库仑计卡尔费歇尔滴定法测定有机液体中水含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water from 0 to 2.0 % mass in liquid organic chemicals, with Karl Fischer reagent, using an automated coulometric titration procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 Review the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .

Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM C1590-04 感应耦合等离子体质谱法的交替锕系校正的标准规程

One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities (that is, 232Th and 238U). Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest. The degree of actual mass bias is variable and is dependent upon instrument tune parameters. This standard practice uses universal interference equations to derive a mass bias correction that is specific to the instrument parameters and tune used for sample data acquisition and not based on a historical average. Mass bias correction uses the instrument software interference equations and does not require additional subsequent off-line calculations. The methodology that this standard practice is based on has been used for the determination of 232Th and 237Np in enriched uranium solutions and the determination of 241Am in plutonium and uranium legacy oxides following dissolution and ion extraction chromatography separation.1.1 This standard practice provides guidance for an alternate linear calibration for the determination of selected actinide isotopes in appropriately prepared aqueous solutions by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This alternate calibration is mass bias adjusted using thorium-232 (232Th) and uranium-238 (238U) standards. One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities. Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest.1.2 The instrument response for a series of determinations of known concentration of 232Th and 238U defines the mass versus response relationship. For each standard concentration, the slope of the line defined by 232Th and 238U is used to derive linear calibration curves for each mass of interest using interference equations. The mass bias corrected calibration curves, although generated from interference equations, are specific to the instrument operating parameters and tuning in effect at the time of data acquisition. Because interference equations are part of the normal ICP-MS manufacturer's software package, this calibration methodology is widely applicable.1.3 For this standard practice, the actinide atomic mass range that has been studied is from amu 232-244. Guidance for an extended range of amu 228-248 is given in this practice.1.4 Using this practice, analyte concentrations are reported at each amu and not by element total (that is, 239Pu versus plutonium).1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Alternate Actinide Calibration for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM UOP565-04 电位滴定法测定酸值和环烷酸

This method is for determining the acid number of petroleum products, petroleum distillates, and other chemicals by potentiometric titration. Inorganic acids, organic acids, mercaptans and thiophenols respond to this analysis, but their respective salts do not; a procedure is also included for sodium naphthenate salts. The typical range for acid number detection is 0.002 to 5 mg KOH/g of sample, although higher levels can be accommodated. The acid number of a sample can be determined on an as-received basis or on a mercaptan-and thiophenol-free basis. The method can also be used to determine naphthenic acids including sodium naphthenates (soaps) in caustic-washed hydrocarbons. For an estimated relative molecular mass of 130, the range of detection for naphthenic acids is 5 to 500 mass-ppm. The latter two procedures apply almost exclusively to light kerosines and gas oils where it is assumed that the organic acids are entirely naphthenic.

Acid Number and Naphthenic Acids by Potentiometric Titration

ASTM E2310-04 利用中红外光谱学用带数据记录的曲线配合算法寻找光谱的使用的标准指南

1.1 Spectral searching is the process whereby a spectrum of an unknown material is evaluated against a library (database) of digitally recorded reference spectra. The purpose of this evaluation is classification of the unknown and, where possible, identification of the unknown. Spectral searching is intended as a screening method to assist the analyst and is not an absolute identification technique. Spectral searching is not intended to replace an expert in infrared spectroscopy. Spectral searching should not be used without suitable training.1.2 The user of this document should be aware that the results of a spectral search can be affected by the following factors described in Section : (1) Baselines, (2) sample purity, (3) Absorbance linearity (Beers Law), (4) sample thickness, (5) sample technique and preparation, (6) physical state of the sample, (7) wavenumber range, (8) spectral resolution, and (9) choice of algorithm.1.2.1 Many other factors can affect spectral searching results.1.3 The scope of this document is to provide a guide for the use of search algorithms for mid-infrared spectroscopy. The methods described herein may be applicable to the use of these algorithms for other types of spectroscopic data, but each type of data search should be assessed separately.1.4 The Euclidean distance algorithm and the first derivative Euclidean distance algorithm are described and their use discussed. The theory and common assumptions made when using search algorithms are also discussed, along with guidelines for the use and interpretation of the search results.

Standard Guide for Use of Spectral Searching by Curve Matching Algorithms with Data Recorded Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy

ASTM E1655-04 红外多变量定量分析的标准规程

1.1 These practices cover a guide for the multivariate calibration of infrared spectrometers used in determining the physical or chemical characteristics of materials. These practices are applicable to analyses conducted in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region (roughly 780 to 2500 nm) through the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region (roughly 4000 to 400 cm-1).Note 18212;While the practices described herein deal specifically with mid- and near-infrared analysis, much of the mathematical and procedural detail contained herein is also applicable for multivariate quantitative analysis done using other forms of spectroscopy. The user is cautioned that typical and best practices for multivariate quantitative analysis using other forms of spectroscopy may differ from practices described herein for mid- and near-infrared spectroscopies.1.2 Procedures for collecting and treating data for developing IR calibrations are outlined. Definitions, terms, and calibration techniques are described. Criteria for validating the performance of the calibration model are described.1.3 The implementation of these practices require that the IR spectrometer has been installed in compliance with the manufacturer's specifications. In addition, it assumes that, at the times of calibration and of validation, the analyzer is operating at the conditions specified by the manufacturer.1.4 These practices cover techniques that are routinely applied in the near and mid infrared spectral regions for quantitative analysis. The practices outlined cover the general cases for coarse solids, fine ground solids, and liquids. All techniques covered require the use of a computer for data collection and analysis.1.5 These practices provide a questionnaire against which multivariate calibrations can be examined to determine if they conform to the requirements defined herein.1.6 For some multivariate spectroscopic analyses, interferences and matrix effects are sufficiently small that it is possible to calibrate using mixtures that contain substantially fewer chemical components than the samples that will ultimately be analyzed. While these surrogate methods generally make use of the multivariate mathematics described herein, they do not conform to procedures described herein, specifically with respect to the handling of outliers. Surrogate methods may indicate that they make use of the mathematics described herein, but they should not claim to follow the procedures described herein.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis

ASTM C1590-04(2009) 电感耦合等离子体质谱法的交替锕系校正的标准实施规程

One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities (that is, 232Th and 238U). Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest. The degree of actual mass bias is variable and is dependent upon instrument tune parameters. This standard practice uses universal interference equations to derive a mass bias correction that is specific to the instrument parameters and tune used for sample data acquisition and not based on a historical average. Mass bias correction uses the instrument software interference equations and does not require additional subsequent off-line calculations. The methodology that this standard practice is based on has been used for the determination of 232Th and 237Np in enriched uranium solutions and the determination of 241Am in plutonium and uranium legacy oxides following dissolution and ion extraction chromatography separation.1.1 This practice provides guidance for an alternate linear calibration for the determination of selected actinide isotopes in appropriately prepared aqueous solutions by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This alternate calibration is mass bias adjusted using thorium-232 (232Th) and uranium-238 (238U) standards. One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities. Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest. 1.2 The instrument response for a series of determinations of known concentration of 232Th and 238U defines the mass versus response relationship. For each standard concentration, the slope of the line defined by 232Th and 238U is used to derive linear calibration curves for each mass of interest using interference equations. The mass bias corrected calibration curves, although generated from interference equations, are specific to the instrument operating parameters and tuning in effect at the time of data acquisition. Because interference equations are part of the normal ICP-MS manufacturer''s software package, this calibration methodology is widely applicable. 1.3 For this standard practice, the actinide atomic mass range that has been studied is from amu 232–244. Guidance for an extended range of amu 228–248 is given in this practice. 1.4 Using this practice, analyte concentrations are reported at each amu and not by element total (that is, 239Pu versus plutonium). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Alternate Actinide Calibration for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

KS A 0521-2003 真空导热计的低压测定方法

이 규격은 기체 분자에 의한 열전도를 사용하는 진공계(이하 진공계라 한다.)를 사용하여

Measuring methods of low pressures by thermal conductivity gauge

JIS K 0116:2003 原子发射光谱测定法总则

この規格は，発光分光分析装置を用いて定量分析を行う場合の通則について規定する。

General rules for atomic emission spectrometry

ASTM E1131-03 用热解重量分析法进行成分分析的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use in quality control, material screening, and related problem solving where a compositional analysis is desired or a comparison can be made with a known material of the same type. The parameters described should be considered as guidelines. They may be altered to suit a particular analysis, provided the changes are noted in the report. The proportion of the determined components in a given mixture or blend may indicate specific quality or end use performance characteristics. Particular examples include the following: 5.3.1 Increasing soot (carbon) content of used diesel lubricating oils indicates decreasing effectiveness. 5.3.2 Specific carbon-to-polymer ratio ranges are required in some elastomeric and plastic parts in order to achieve desired mechanical strength and stability. 5.3.3 Some filled elastomeric and plastic products require specific inert content (for example, ash, filler, reinforcing agent, etc.) to meet performance specifications. 5.3.4 The volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of coal and coke are important parameters. The “ranking” of coal increases with increasing carbon content and decreasing volatile and hydrocarbon, (medium volatility) content.1.1 This test method provides a general technique incorporating thermogravimetry to determine the amount of highly volatile matter, medium volatile matter, combustible material, and ash content of compounds. This test method will be useful in performing a compositional analysis in cases where agreed upon by interested parties.1.2 This test method is applicable to solids and liquids.1.3 The temperature range of test is typically room temperature to 1000176;C. Composition between 1 and 100 weight % of individual components may be determined.1.4 This test method utilizes an inert and reactive gas environment.1.5 Computer or electronic-based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used.Note 18212;Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.1.6 SI units are the standard.1.7 This standard is related ISO 11358 but is more detailed and specific.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry

ASTM E1127-03 螺旋电子光谱法的深度剖面的标准指南

Auger electron spectroscopy yields information concerning the chemical and physical state of a solid surface in the near surface region. Nondestructive depth profiling is limited to this near surface region. Techniques for measuring the crater depths and film thicknesses are given in (35). Ion sputtering is primarily used for depths of less than the order of 1 μm. Angle lapping or mechanical cratering is primarily used for depths greater than the order of 1 μm. The choice of depth profiling methods for investigating an interface depends on surface roughness, interface roughness, and film thickness (1).3 1.1 This guide covers procedures used for depth profiling in Auger electron spectroscopy.1.2 Guidelines are given for depth profiling by the following:SectionIon Sputtering6Angle Lapping and Cross-Sectioning7Mechanical Cratering8Nondestructive Depth Profiling91.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Depth Profiling in Auger Electron Spectroscopy

ASTM E1247-03 用分光光度法探测物体彩色样品的荧光粉的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.Note 18212;Since the addition of fluorescing agents (colorants, whitening agents, etc.) is often intentional by the manufacturer of a material, information on the presence or absence of fluorescent properties in a specimen may often be obtained from the maker of the material.1.2 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer that both irradiates the specimen over the wavelength range from 340 to 700 nm and allows the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen to be altered as desired.1.3 Within the above limitations, this practice is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry

ASTM E1097-03 直流等离子体发射分光光谱测定分析法的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers procedures for using a direct current argon plasma atomic emission spectrometer (DCP) to determine the concentration of elements in solution. Recommendations are provided for preparing and calibrating the instrument, assessing instrument performance, diagnosing and correcting for interferences, measuring test solutions, and calculating results. A method to correct for instrument drift is included.1.2 This guide does not specify all the operating conditions for a DCP because of the differences between models of these instruments. Analysts should follow instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument.1.3 This guide does not attempt to specify in detail all of the hardware components and computer software of the instrument. It is assumed that the instrument, whether commercially available, modified, or custom built, will be capable of performing the analyses for which it is intended, and that the analyst has verified this before performing the analysis.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Guide for Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometry Analysis

ASTM E135-02a 金属、矿石及相关材料的分析化学的标准术语

1.1 This is a compilation of terms commonly used in analytical chemistry for metals, ores, and related materials. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or their sources are identified. 1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion. 1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee. 1.4 Definitions specific to a particular field (such as emission spectroscopy ) are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.

Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

ASTM E131-02 分子光谱学的相关标准术语

Standard Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy

ASTM E1148-02(2008) 水溶解度测量用标准试验方法

The solubility of organics is a basic physical parameter needed for the prediction of the fate of a chemical in the environment (6). The ionic strength and organic content of natural waters may cause an apparent decrease or increase from the value obtained in pure water. Data on this can be obtained in the laboratory by modifying the reagent water to simulate natural waters.1.1 This test method covers procedures for measurement of the solubility of organic compounds in water. Three procedures are described which will work over a variety of solubility ranges. These procedures are not appropriate for compounds that react with water or air at ambient conditions. 1.2 The procedure chosen will depend on the estimated solubility of the compound. This may be obtained from literature values (see Refs 1, 2, 3) by correlation with other parameters (4) or by analogy with the solubility of similar compounds. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurements of Aqueous Solubility

ASTM E1361-02(2007) X射线光谱测定分析中共存元素效应校正的标准指南

Accuracy in quantitative X-ray spectrometric analysis depends upon adequate accounting for interelement effects either through sample preparation or through mathematical correction procedures, or both. This guide is intended to serve as an introduction to users of X-ray fluorescence correction methods. For this reason, only selected mathematical models for correcting interelement effects are presented. The reader is referred to several texts for a more comprehensive treatment of the subject (2-7).1.1 This guide is an introduction to mathematical procedures for correction of interelement (matrix) effects in quantitative X-ray spectrometric analysis.1.1.1 The procedures described correct only for the interelement effect(s) arising from a homogeneous chemical composition of the specimen. Effects related to either particle size, or mineralogical or metallurgical phases in a specimen are not treated.1.1.2 These procedures apply to both wavelength and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry where the specimen is considered to be infinitely thick, flat, and homogeneous with respect to the depth of penetration of the exciting X rays (2-5).1.2 This document is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of the many different techniques employed to compensate for interelement effects. Consult Refs () for descriptions of other commonly used techniques such as standard addition, internal standardization, etc.

Standard Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis

ASTM E1184-02 电热(石墨加热炉)原子吸收分析的标准实施规程

This practice is intended for spectroscopists who are attempting to establish electrothermal atomic absorption procedures. Used in conjunction with Practice E 663, it should be helpful for establishing a complete atomic absorption analysis program.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the determination of microgram per milliliter (956;g/mL) or lower concentrations of elements in solution using an electrothermal atomization device attached to an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A general description of the equipment is provided. Recommendations are made for preparing the instrument for measurements, establishing optimum temperature conditions and other criteria which should result in determining a useful calibration concentration range, and measuring and calculating the test solution analyte concentration.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

Standard Practice for Electrothermal (Graphite Furnace) Atomic Absorption Analysis

ASTM E1361-02 X射线光谱测定分析中共存元素效应校正的标准指南

1.1 This guide is an introduction to mathematical procedures for correction of interelement (matrix) effects in quantitative X-ray spectrometric analysis. 1.1.1 The procedures described correct only for the interelement effect(s) arising from a homogeneous chemical composition of the specimen. Effects related to either particle size, or mineralogical or metallurgical phases in a specimen are not treated. 1.1.2 These procedures apply to both wavelength and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry where the specimen is considered to be infinitely thick, flat, and homogeneous with respect to the depth of penetration of the exciting X rays (1). 1.2 This document is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of the many different techniques employed to compensate for interelement effects. Consult References (2-5) for descriptions of other commonly used techniques such as standard addition, internal standardization, etc.

Standard Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis

ASTM E1148-02 水溶解度测量用标准试验方法

The solubility of organics is a basic physical parameter needed for the prediction of the fate of a chemical in the environment (6). 4.1.1 The ionic strength and organic content of natural waters may cause an apparent decrease or increase from the value obtained in pure water. Data on this can be obtained in the laboratory by modifying the reagent water to simulate natural waters.1.1 This test method covers procedures for measurement of the solubility of organic compounds in water. Three procedures are described which will work over a variety of solubility ranges. These procedures are not appropriate for compounds that react with water or air at ambient conditions.1.2 The procedure chosen will depend on the estimated solubility of the compound. This may be obtained from literature values (see Refs 1, 2, 3) by correlation with other parameters (4) or by analogy with the solubility of similar compounds.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurements of Aqueous Solubility